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31 results for “Gerontoformica”
Data to "Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †Gerontoformica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" published in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
<p>These are the µCT Datasets used in the study "Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †<em>Gerontoformica</em> (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" published in the Zoological Journal of the linnean society.<br> In the study, an amber piece containing 4 specimens of the stem ant genus †<em>Gerontoformica </em>was investigated, one of them being a pupa belonging to †<em>G. gracilis</em> (CASENT0741231), one adult belonging to †<em>G. gracilis</em> (CASENT0741232) and two adults of the newly described species †<em>G. sternorhabda</em> (CASENT0741233 and CASENT0741234). The adult specimen of †<em>G. gracilis</em> (CASENT0741232) had exception internal preservation, so higher magnification scans for anatomical details were performed. The dataset includes full body scans of all of these individuals, adjusted datasets in which the adult specimens were segmented out of the amber matrix (used for the volume renderings in the article) and the two head focused scans of †<em>G. gracilis</em> (CASENT0741232). The scanning parameters can be taken from the uploaded Scans Metadata Excel file, which is also part of the supplementary material of the related article. The two adult scans of †<em>G. sternorhabda</em> (CASENT0741233 and CASENT0741234) are in DICOM file format, all other data are in TIFF image format.</p>
Data to "The first reconstruction of the head anatomy of a Cretaceous insect, †Gerontoformica gracilis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), and the early evolution of ants"
<p>Data to Richter et al. 2022 "The first reconstruction of the head anatomy of a Cretaceous insect, †Gerontoformica gracilis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), and the early evolution of ants" in Insect Systematics and Diversity.<br> The dataset contains PDFs of ACCTRAN and DELTRAN parsimony reconstructions of character evolution, image and data files of an anlysis of mandibular muscle fiber lengths, a ORS Dragonfly file containing the segmentation of head structures of †Gerontoformica gracilis, the focal study object of the article, and 4µCT scans of wasps used as outgroups in the study. </p> <p>Details of these µCT scans can be found in the methods section of the related article. The scans are provided in 2D TIF files and represent datasets cropped to just the head and transformed to align the main head axes with the viewing planes, and resampled with a bin 2x2x2 in ImageJ for easier data handling, as they were used in the article. The scan files also include scan parameter log files; importantly, due to binning, the given camera pixel size has to be multiplied by 2.<br> The datasets cover <em>Parischnogaster</em> sp. (de Saussure, 1852) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae), <em>Methocha</em> sp.(Hymenoptera, Thynnidae), <em>Ampulex</em> sp. (Fabricius, 1781) (Hymenoptera, Ampulicidae), and <em>Sceliphron caementarium</em> (Drury, 1773) (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae).<br> All taxa were stained in a 2% iodine solution in ethanol for a week prior to scanning. They were transferred to a sealed off pipette tip of appropriate size filled with ethanol and mounted on a metal sample holder. They were scanned at a SkyScan 2211 (Bruker, Billerica, USA) at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History in Jena, equipped with a high resolution (4000 × 2600 pixel) X-ray sensitive CCD camera in the nanofocus mode. Scanning parameters for the extant taxa are summarized in <a>Table 2</a> of the related article.</p>
CASENT0741232 Gerontoformica gracilis
This is a 3D model of a fossilized ant first presented in the scientific article 'Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †Gerontoformica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)' published in the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society by Brendon E. Boudinot and others. The ant was identified and described as *Gerontoformica gracilis* from a piece of Cretaceous amber about 99 million years old (collection ID: AMNH Bu-SY23; specimen ID: CASENT0741232). To create the 3D model, the amber was micro-CT scanned. Adrian Richter created the model using segmentation techniques, Shuhei Yamamoto took the photo, and Julian Katzke scanned it and uploaded it here. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
CASENT0741233 Gerontoformica sternorhabda
This is a 3D model of a fossilized ant first presented in the scientific article 'Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †*Gerontoformica* (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)' published in the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society by Brendon E. Boudinot and others. The ant was identified and described as *Gerontoformica sternorhabda* from a piece of Cretaceous amber about 99 million years old (collection ID: AMNH Bu-SY23; specimen ID: CASENT0741233). To create the 3D model, the amber was micro-CT scanned. Adrian Richter created the model using segmentation techniques, Shuhei Yamamoto took the photo, and Julian Katzke scanned it and uploaded it here." Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Figure 4 in Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †Gerontoformica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 4. Photomicrographs of †G. sternorhabda sp. nov. showing setation and certain key features. A–D, G–I, paratype, CASENT0741234. E, F, J, holotype, CASENT0741233. A, body, ventrolateral oblique view. B, head, dorsolateral oblique view. C–F, body and left legs: D, dorsolateral oblique; (F) is slightly offset from (E), revealing the prora and subpetiolar process. G, protarsus, posterodorsal oblique view. H, mesotarsus, dorsal view. I, metatarsus, dorsal view. J, metatarsus, posterior view. Abbreviations: ad, antennomere distorted, i.e. visibly distorted antennomere associated with decay bubble; cn, cinctus; ms, metanotal spiracle; pr, prora; psf, anterior flange of propodeal spiracle; ptb, probasitarsal brush; spp, subpetiolar process; ss, standing setae; tnc, transverse mesonotal carina.
Figure 13. Couplet 3 in Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †Gerontoformica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 13. Couplet 3: prora large and triangular (3-1) or smaller and of a different shape (3'-1); abdominal segment III about as long as tall (3-2) or taller than long (3'-2). (3-1) †G. pilosa ANTWEB1038931 (M. Baldi, AntWeb), abdominal segment III in dorsolateral oblique view. (3'-1) †G. sternorhabda sp. nov. holotype, CASENT0741233, abdominal segment III in dorsolateral oblique view. (3-2) †G. pilosa holotype, JZC-Bu225 (P. Barden, AntWeb), abdominal segment III in lateral view. (3'-2) †G. magna, FANTWEB00014 (V. Perrichot, AntWeb), abdominal segment III in dorsolateral oblique view.
Figure 8 in Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †Gerontoformica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 8. Photomicrographs of †G. gracilis showing setation and certain key features. Specimen CASENT0741232. A, body in ventrolateral anterior oblique view. B, body in dorsolateral posterior oblique view. C, detail of head and prothorax in ventrolateral anterior oblique view. D, detail of mid and hind legs in ventrolateral anterior oblique view. Abbreviations: AII–VII, abdominal segments II–VII; AVsp, spiracle of abdominal segment V; ar, arolium; ca, calcar; cav, velum of calcar; ce, compound eye; fc, frontal carina; mc, cranial condyle of mandible; md, mandible; mspfm, prefemur of mesothoracic leg; msptc, tooth of mesothoracic leg pretarsal claw; mstbspa, anterior tibial spur of mesothoracic leg; mstbspp, posterior tibial spur of mesothoracic leg; mtpfm, prefemur of metathoracic leg; mtplglvf, metapleural gland ventral flange; pd, pedicel; pdcs, prodisticoxal suture; pl, labial palp; plo, plantar lobe; pm, maxillary palp; pnt, pronotum; ppd, propodeum; ppdsp, propodeal spiracle; ppl, propleuron; pr, prora; ptsp, spiracle of the petiole; sc, scape.
Figure 14. Couplet 4 in Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †Gerontoformica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 14. Couplet 4: antennal scrobe reaching (4-1) or not reaching (4'-1) compound eye. (4-1) †G. contega holotype, JZC-Bu300 (P. Barden, AntWeb), head in oblique lateral view. (4'-1) †G. magna holotype, JZC-Bu108 (P. Barden, AntWeb), head in oblique facial view.
Figure 3 in Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †Gerontoformica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 3. Summary of the evidence for eusocial evolution in stem groups. A, overview of the phylogenetic relationships of the total clade Formicidae, with key biological traits mapped. F+, winged females; f-, wingless females; D, developmental simplification of the mesosoma; and B*, brood care. Solid squares, trait confirmed as present; empty squares, trait confirmed as absent; half-filled squares, trait confirmed as variable; question marks, state uncertain; black square with asterisk, new evidence provided in the present study. B, exemplars of females with the full and complex complement of flight sclerites, namely the mesoscutum (green), mesoscutellum (blue), and metanotum (magenta). C, exemplars of wingless †Zigrasimeciinae demonstrating independent convergence on the extremely simplified mesosomal form of various crown Formicidae, illustrated in this case by Discothyrea (Proceratiinae). D, exemplars of the Antennoclypeata, showing a similar degree of sclerite reduction between †Brownimecia and crown Formicidae. Notes: The topology in 1A is summarized from Johnson et al. (2013), Barden & Grimaldi (2016) and Boudinot et al. (2020a). Images for rows 1B, C were downloaded from AntWeb (2021); taxon names, imagers and unique specimen identifiers are listed from left to right, top to bottom are as follows: †Zigrasimecia tonsora Barden & Grimaldi, 2013 (P. Barden, ANTWEB1008098); †Dhagnathos autokrator Perrichot et al., 2020 (V. Perrichot, FANTWEB00022); †Linguamyrmex rhinocerus Miao & Wang, 2019 (V. Perrichot, FANTWEB00016); †Protozigrasimecia chauli Cao et al., 2020c (H. Cao, FANTWEB00051); †Zigrasimecia ufv-01 (J. Chaul, ANTWEB10141055); Discothyrea bobi Chaul, 2020 (J. Chaul, UFV-LABECOL-000032); †Brachyponera croceicornis (Emery, 1900) (F. Esteves, CASENT0916594); Brachyponera croceicornis (Emery, 1900) (A. Nobile, CASENT0172432); †Brownimecia clavata Grimaldi et al., 1997 (V. Perrichot, AMNH-NJ667).
Figure 7 in Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †Gerontoformica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 7. Maxillary and labial palps of †G. gracilis and †G. sternorhabda sp. nov.. Small black stars indicate each palpomere on the right-hand side of the body. A, B, †G. gracilis adult, CASENT0741232, in anterior dorsolateral oblique view (A) and anterior view (B). C, D, †G. gracilis pupa, CASENT0741231, in anterior view (C) and anterior dorsolateral view (D). E, F, †G. sternorhabda sp. nov. holotype, CASENT0741233, and paratype, CASENT0741234, in anteroventral oblique view. Abbreviations: pl, labial palp; plp, process of the proximal labial palpomere; pm, maxillary palp; pm?, possible maxillary palpomere.
Figure 17. Couplet 7 in Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †Gerontoformica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 17. Couplet 7: transverse sulci of mesosoma broad (7-1) or narrow (7'-1). (7-1) †G. gracilis holotype, JZC-Bu324 (P. Barden, AntWeb), mesosoma in lateral view. (7'-1) †G. gracilis group indet., ANTWEB1032529 (J. Chaul, AntWeb), mesosoma in lateral view.
Figure 16. Couplet 6 in Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †Gerontoformica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 16. Couplet 6: meso- and metathorax forming continuous slope (6-1) or a pair of bulges (6'-1). (6-1) †G. robusta holotype, JZC-Bu223 (P. Barden, AntWeb), mesosoma in lateral view with anterior to the right. (6'-1) †G. spiralis holotype, JZC-Bu222 (P. Barden, AntWeb), mesosoma in lateral, anterodorsally oblique view, with anterior to the left.
Figure 2 in Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †Gerontoformica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 2. Volume renders of the pupa and two of the adult specimens. The black arrows indicate the subpetiolar process, while the white arrows indicate the prora. A–C, lateral view. D–F, dorsal view. G–I, ventral view. J–L, facial view. A, D, G, J. the pupa of †G. gracilis. B, E, H, K, the adult of †G. gracilis. C, F, I, L, the holotype of †G. sternorhabda sp. nov.. Abbreviations: AIII–VII, third through seventh abdominal segments; AIIIas, anterior surface of third abdominal segment; AIIIps, posterior surface of third abdominal segment; ce, compound eye; cl, clypeus; fc, frontal carina; lbr, labrum; md, mandible; msn, mesonotum; mspl, lower mesopectal region; mspu, upper mesopectal region; mtn, metanotum; oc, ocellus; pd, pedicel; pnt, pronotum; ppd, propodeum; pst, prosternum; pt, petiole; sc, scape.
Figure 10 in Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †Gerontoformica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 10. Features hidden by appendages, including artefacts caused by close proximity of limbs. †Gerontoformica gracilis: A, B, D, adult, CASENT0741232; C, pupa (CASENT0741231). A, C, mesosoma in lateral view with the legs distal to the coxae digitally removed, with the exception of the fore leg of (C), which is not cropped from the render. B, D, head in facial view with the scapes digitally rendered (B) and removed (D). Abbreviations: mspa, mesopectal artefact; sca, scapal artefact.
Figure 9 in Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †Gerontoformica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 9. Exceptional soft tissue preservation. The adult specimen of †G. gracilis displays exceptional preservation of soft tissues, including identifiable neuropils (A), countable glomeruli of the antennal lobe (A'), the digestive tract, glands, and muscle (B), down to the scale of individual muscular cross-striations (B').
Figure 6 in Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †Gerontoformica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 6. Details of the pronota and metapleural glands of †Gerontoformica. A, B, fluorescent light microscopy; C–G, standard photomicroscopy. A, B, †G. sternorhabda sp. nov. paratype (UFV-LABECOL-009656). C, †G. pilosa (ANTWEB1038931). D, †G. sternorhabda sp. nov. non-type (JWJ-BU21). E, F, †G. gracilis holotype (JZC-Bu324A). G, †G. near or conspecific with gracilis (ANTWEB1032649). Abbreviations: msnttc, transverse carina of mesonotum; mtplglb, metapleural gland bulla; mtplgldf, metapleural gland dorsal flange; mtplglvf, metapleural gland ventral flange; mtvlc, ventrolateral carina of metathorax; mtntsp, metanotal spiracle; mtnt, metanotum; pntl, pronotal lobe; pntfl, lateral pronotal flange; pntfm, medial pronotal flange; ppdsf, anterior flange of propodeal spiracle; ppl, propleuron; pt, petiole.
Figure 12. Couplet 2 in Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †Gerontoformica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 12. Couplet 2: subpetiolar process long and narrow (2-1) or short and wide (2'-1); abdominal segment IV with weak (2-3) or strong (2'-3) constriction; and pretarsal claw subapical teeth strongly reduced (2-4) or well developed (2'-4). (2-1, 2-4) †G. sternorhabda sp. nov. paratype, UFV-LABECOL-009656, petiole in lateral view (2-1) and pretarsal claw in distal oblique view (2-4). (2'-1) †G. pilosa ANTWEB1038931 (M. Baldi, AntWeb), petiole in dorsolateral oblique view. (2-3) †G. sternorhabda sp. nov. paratype, CASENT0741234, metasoma in dorsolateral oblique view. (2'-3) †G. pilosa holotype, JZC-Bu225 (P. Barden, AntWeb), metasoma in profile view. (2'-4) †G. pilosa species group indet., ANTWEB1041010 (J. Chaul, AntWeb), pretarsal claw in distal oblique view.
Figure 11. Couplet 1 in Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †Gerontoformica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 11. Couplet 1: mesonotum with (1-1) or without (1'-1) transverse ridge; abdominal segment IV with (1-2) or without (1'-2) cinctus; prora large (1-3) or small (1'-3). (1-1) †G. ufv-05, ANTWEB103848 (J. Chaul, AntWeb), mesosoma in profile view. (1'-1, 1'-3) †G. indet., JWJ-Bu19 (V. Perrichot, AntWeb), mesosoma in profile view. (1-2) †G. sternorhabda sp. nov. paratype, UFV-LABECOL-009656, metasoma in ventrolateral view. (1'-2) †G. gracilis, CASENT0741232, metasoma in lateral view. (1-3) †G. pilosa holotype, JZC-Bu225 (P. Barden, AntWeb), anterior metasoma in profile view.
Figure 15. Couplet 5 in Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †Gerontoformica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 15. Couplet 5: petiolar tergum taller than long (5-1) or longer than tall (5'-1). (5-1) †G. occidentalis paratype, MNHN-A30166 (V. Perrichot, AntWeb), petiole in dorsolateral oblique view. (5'-1) †G. subcuspis holotype, JZC-Bu304 (P. Barden, AntWeb), petiole in lateral view.
Fig. 10. 3D in The First Reconstruction of the Head Anatomy of a Cretaceous Insect, †Gerontoformica gracilis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and the Early Evolution of
Fig. 10. 3D reconstructions of the mandible of †Gerontoformica gracilis (A and D) and Formica rufa (B, C, and E) illustrating our two hypotheses for the evolution of the shovel-shaped mandible of crown ants.According to hypothesis 1 (A → B), the position of the subapical tooth (purple dot in A) is shifted posteriorly so that the margin between it and the apical tooth (cyan dot) is elongated and additional teeth are inserted. Elongation of the masticatory margin (cyan line) leads to the modified orientation of the basal margin (purple line).The original subapical tooth becomes the basal margin (purple dot in B). According to hypothesis 2 (A → C), basal broadening of the mandibular blade leads to the formation of the basal angle and part of the original basal margin is incorporated with the masticatory margin, developing denticles.The original subapical tooth (purple dot in A) remains the subapical tooth (purple dot in B).The position of the fimbriate line on the inner surface of the mandible (purple outline in D and E) supports hypothesis 2.
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