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Fig. 5 in Host associations of gall-inducing Prodiplosis longifila (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Bolivia: implications for its use as a biological control agent for Jatropha gossypiifolia (Euphorbiaceae)

Fig. 5. Susceptibility of Jatropha gossypiifolia to Prodiplosis longifila. Morphologically similar galls induced on control Jatropha clavuligera (A) and Jatropha gossypiifolia (B) plants under no-choice conditions in quarantine in Pretoria, South Africa. Galling on a transplanted Jatropha gossypiifolia plant under the natural field conditions in Bolivia (C).

Fig. 4 in Host associations of gall-inducing Prodiplosis longifila (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Bolivia: implications for its use as a biological control agent for Jatropha gossypiifolia (Euphorbiaceae)

Fig. 4. Relationship between the number of branches per plant and number of shoot tips with Prodiplosis longifila galls (A) and percentage of shoots (± SE) with Prodiplosis longifila galls (B) across 3 sites in Bolivia in Feb 2016. Different letters above SE bars indicate significant differences (Tukey's test, P <0.001).

Fig. 3 in Host associations of gall-inducing Prodiplosis longifila (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Bolivia: implications for its use as a biological control agent for Jatropha gossypiifolia (Euphorbiaceae)

Fig. 3. Incidence of Prodiplosis longifila galls on Jatropha clavuligera (percentage of plants with galls) in relation to (A) sites and (B) sampling yr and season (± SE). Different letters above SE bars indicate significant differences (Tukey's test, P <0.001).

Fig. 1 in Host associations of gall-inducing Prodiplosis longifila (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Bolivia: implications for its use as a biological control agent for Jatropha gossypiifolia (Euphorbiaceae)

Fig. 1. Rosette galls induced by Prodiplosis longifila in the growing shoot tip of Jatropha clavuligera. (A) Rosette gall in the terminal and axillary buds of Jatropha clavuligera with swollen petiole and rachis and malformed leaves. (B) Young gall in Jatropha clavuligera showing early stage larvae feeding on the nutritive tissue of the gall with no evidence of cell necrosis and fungal growth.

Fig. 2 in Host associations of gall-inducing Prodiplosis longifila (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Bolivia: implications for its use as a biological control agent for Jatropha gossypiifolia (Euphorbiaceae)

Fig. 2. Morphological and histological changes in the rosette galls induced by Prodiplosis longifila on Jatropha clavuligera. (A) Vertical sectional view of a portion of the galled shoot showing the inflamed axillary position (*) (bar = 1 mm). (B) Cross sectional view of a portion of the galled shoot showing the hyperplasied stems and leaves (bar = 0.33 mm); * indicates the location where the larvae congregate; le = leaf. (C) Cross sectional view of a galled leaf showing the intense hyperplasied upper mesophyll (bar = 0.18 mm); arrows point to the hypertrophied epidermis. (D) Cross sectional view of a leaf axil (bar = 0.33 mm); * indicates the location where the larvae congregate; note the vertically dividing epidermal cells towards the bottom, whereas the laterally occurring epidermal cells are hypertrophied. (E) Cross sectional view of the stem showing variously dividing cortical cells (bar = 30 μm); the arrow indicates cell proliferation. (F) Compactly arranged parenchymatous nutritive cells, each with a prominent nucleus (n) and dense cytoplasm (cyt) (bar = 10 μm). (G) Low magnification image of galled stem showing layers of nutritive cells (nc), where the larvae feed (lfs) (bar = 30 μm). In fact, the cells lying opposite, which appear to be empty, show signs of regeneration (rc). In the far interior of the stem cortex, numerous phenol-included cells (pic) occur. Far interior into the stem cortex numerous phenol including cells (pic) occur. (H) An enlarged view of a phenol-including cell (bar = 18 μm).

publicMar 2021View details →

dryad40/100

Host controls of within-host disease dynamics: insight from an invertebrate system

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opencc-zeroJan 2021View details →

Raw data from: Dysregulation of host-control causes interspecific conflict over host investment into symbiotic organs

Microbial mutualists provide substantial benefits to hosts that feed back to enhance fitness of the associated microbes. In many systems, beneficial microbes colonize symbiotic organs, specialized host structures that house symbionts and mediate resources exchanged between parties. Mutualisms are characterized by net benefits exchanged among members of different species, however inequalities in the magnitude of these exchanges could result in evolutionary conflict, destabilizing the mutualism. We investigated joint fitness effects of root nodule formation, the symbiotic organ of legumes that house nitrogen-fixing rhizobia in planta. We quantified host and symbiont fitness parameters dependent on the number of nodules formed using near isogenic Lotus japonicus and Mesorhizobium loti mutants, respectively. Empirically estimated fitness functions suggest that legume and rhizobia fitness is aligned as the number of nodules formed increases from zero until the host optimum is reached, a point where aligned fitness interests shift to diverging fitness interests between host and symbiont. However, fitness conflict was only inferred when analyzing wildtype hosts along with their mutants dysregulated for control over nodule formation. These data demonstrate that to avoid conflict, hosts must tightly regulate investment into symbiotic organs maximizing their benefit to cost ratio of associating with microbes.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Environment and host as large-scale controls of ectomycorrhizal fungi

Explaining the large-scale diversity of soil organisms that drive biogeochemical processes—and their responses to environmental change—is critical. However, identifying consistent drivers of belowground diversity and abundance for some soil organisms at large spatial scales remains problematic. Here we investigate a major guild, the ectomycorrhizal fungi, across European forests at a spatial scale and resolution that is—to our knowledge—unprecedented, to explore key biotic and abiotic predictors of ectomycorrhizal diversity and to identify dominant responses and thresholds for change across complex environmental gradients. We show the effect of 38 host, environment, climate and geographical variables on ectomycorrhizal diversity, and define thresholds of community change for key variables. We quantify host specificity and reveal plasticity in functional traits involved in soil foraging across gradients. We conclude that environmental and host factors explain most of the variation in ectomycorrhizal diversity, that the environmental thresholds used as major ecosystem assessment tools need adjustment and that the importance of belowground specificity and plasticity has previously been underappreciated.

zenodo36/100

Raw data to: "Vectored antibody gene delivery restores host B and T cell control of persistent viral infection"

Raw data underlying the publication by Ertuna et al. entitled "Vectored antibody gene delivery restores host B and T cell control of persistent viral infection"

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2022View details →

zenodo36/100

Dataset: Enhancing Spin Coherence in Optically Addressable Molecular Qubits through Host-Matrix Control

Dataset: Enhancing Spin Coherence in Optically Addressable Molecular Qubits through Host-Matrix Control

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2022View details →

opencc-zeroApr 2024View details →

Data from: A theoretical model for host-controlled regulation of symbiont density

There is growing empirical evidence that hosts (such as insects and corals) actively control the density of their mutualistic symbionts according to their requirements. Such active regulation can be facilitated by compartmentalisation of symbionts within host tissues, which confers a high degree of control of the symbiosis to the host. Here, we build a general theoretical framework to predict the underlying ecological drivers and evolutionary consequences of host-controlled endosymbiont density regulation for a mutualistic association between a host and a compartmentalised, vertically transmitted symbiont. Building on the assumption that the costs and benefits of hosting a symbiont population increase with symbiont density, we use state-dependent dynamic programming to determine an optimal strategy for the host, i.e., that which maximises host fitness, when regulating the density of symbionts. Simulations of active host-controlled regulation governed by the optimal strategy predict that the density of the symbiont should converge to a constant level during host development, and following perturbation. However, a similar trend also emerges from alternative strategies of symbiont regulation. The strategy which maximises host fitness also promotes symbiont fitness compared to alternative strategies, suggesting that active host-controlled regulation of symbiont density could be adaptive for the symbiont as well as the host. Adaptation of the framework allowed the dynamics of symbiont density to be predicted for other host-symbiont ecologies, such as for non-essential symbionts, demonstrating the versatility of this modelling approach.

opencc-zeroFeb 2023View details →

Ability of the ash dieback pathogen to reproduce and to induce damage on its host are controlled by different environmental parameters

Ash dieback, induced by an invasive ascomycete, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, has emerged in the late 1990s as a severe disease threatening ash populations in Europe. Future prospects for ash are improved by the existence of individuals with natural genetic resistance or tolerance to the disease and by limited disease impact in many environmental conditions where ash is common. Nevertheless, it was suggested that, even in those conditions, ash trees are infected and enable pathogen transmission. We studied the influence of climate and local environment on the ability of H. fraxineus to infect, be transmitted and cause damage on its host. We showed that healthy carriers, i.e. individuals showing no dieback but carrying H. fraxineus, exist and may play a significant role in ash dieback epidemiology. The environment strongly influenced H. fraxineus with different parameters being important depending on the life cycle stage. The ability of H. fraxineus to establish on ash leaves and to reproduce on the leaf debris in the litter (rachises) mainly depended on total precipitation in July-August and was not influenced by local tree cover. By contrast, damage to the host, and in particular shoot mortality was significantly reduced by high summer temperature in July-August and by high autumn average temperature. As a consequence, in many situations, ash trees are infected and enable H. fraxineus transmission while showing limited or even no damage. We also observed a decreasing trend of severity (leaf necrosis and shoot mortality probability) with the time of disease presence in a plot that could be significant for the future of ash dieback.

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

Field sampling and DNA-barcoding of fig pollinator wasps across host species and host developmental phase and on non-Ficus controls

To better understand factors that might contribute to this observed range of specificity, we used sticky traps to capture fig-pollinating wasp individuals at 13 Ficus species, sampling at different stages of the reproductive cycle of the host figs (e.g. trees with receptive inflorescences, or vegetative trees, bearing only leaves). We also sampled at other tree species, using them as non-Ficus controls. DNA barcoding allowed us to identify the wasps to species, and therefore assign their presence and abundance to host fig species and the developmental stage of that individual tree. Here we upload the data and the R scripts used to analyze these data.

ClinicalTrials.gov36/100

Novel Approaches for Graft-versus-Host Disease Prevention Compared to Contemporary Controls (BMT CTN 1203)

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02208037. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.

controlledIPD-YESFeb 2026View details →

ClinicalTrials.gov36/100

A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Masked, Clinical Trial of Autologous Serum Eye Drops for Severe Ocular Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease (GVHD) in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) Patients

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01972438. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.

closedIPD-NOFeb 2026View details →

publicNov 2020View details →

Disease hotspots or hot species? Infection dynamics in multi-host metacommunities controlled by species identity, not source location

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publicDec 2024View details →

Data from: Host control by Acmispon strigosus constrains fitness gains of ineffective Bradyrhizobium symbionts in mixed infections

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publicOct 2023View details →

Field sampling and DNA-barcoding of fig pollinator wasps across host species and host developmental phase and on non-Ficus controls

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