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186 results for “Hybridisation”
The symmetry spectrum in a hybridising, tropical group of rhododendrons
<p>Many diverse plant clades possess bilaterally symmetrical flowers and specialized pollination syndromes suggesting these traits may promote diversification. We examine the evolution of diverse floral morphologies and the association with diversification history in a species-rich tropical radiation of <em>Rhododendron</em>. We used restriction-site associated DNA sequencing on 114 taxa from <em>Rhododendron</em> sect. <em>Schistanthe</em> to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships, infer colonization of Southeast Asia and examine hybridization. We then captured and quantified floral variation using geometric morphometric analyses which we interpret in a phylogenetic context. We uncovered phylogenetic complexity caused by introgression within and between clades. Morphometric analyses revealed flower symmetry to be a morphological continuum without a clear transition from radial to bilateral symmetry. The largest radiation of tropical <em>Rhododendron</em> species is associated with an expansion into novel floral morphological space as species diversified in New Guinea about 6 million years ago. Our results showed that the recent radiation of tropical <em>Rhododendron</em> is a consequence of hybridization, genetic isolation caused by mountain building, and the evolution of floral novelty. Floral variation evolved via changes to multiple components of the corolla that are only recognized in geometric morphometrics with both front and side views of flowers.</p>
Fig. 1 in Molecular evidence of hybridisation in two invasive species of Pomacea (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae) in Peninsular Malaysia
Fig. 1. Geographical location and habitat type of sampling sites of Pomacea species in Peninsular Malaysia.
Fig. 4 in Molecular evidence of hybridisation in two invasive species of Pomacea (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae) in Peninsular Malaysia
Fig. 4. Median-joining haplotype network of Pomacea canaliculata and P. maculata sequences from Peninsular Malaysia (N=108 from 90 individuals) and the native ranges (N=105) based on 409 nucleotides of the EF1α gene. The network shows the relationship between haplotypes from different geographic regions based on sequence similarity. Unique sequences within each individual were included in the alignment (sequences for homozygotes were not doubled). Node colours represent the (A) geographic location and (B) species identity of the sequences (see legends). Each node represents a unique haplotype and node size is proportional to the haplotype frequency. Branches between nodes indicate a single nucleotide substitution unless denoted by numerical values for multiple nucleotide substitutions. Red (A) and black (B) nodes represent hypothetical ancestors or unsampled haplotypes. Two major groups are framed in grey dotted lines; P. canaliculata and P. maculata.
Fig. 3 in Molecular evidence of hybridisation in two invasive species of Pomacea (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae) in Peninsular Malaysia
Fig. 3. Bayesian inference phylograms depicting relationship of P. canaliculata and P. maculata from Peninsular Malaysia and Pomacea spp. from other regions based on the (A) mitochondrial COI and (B) nuclear EF1α markers. Kuantan, Tasik ChinChin, Limbat Lembu, Subang Jaya, Putrajaya, Guar Cempedak, Pasir Gudang, Sekinchan, and Temoh refer to geographic locations in Peninsular Malaysia where specimens in this study were collected. Bayesian posterior probabilities/maximum likelihood bootstrap supports are indicated by nodal values. Pomacea difussa and P. scalaris were used to root the phylogenies. Pomacea canaliculata and P. maculata clades are highlighted in green and blue, respectively. Underlined taxa marked with '*' indicate interspecific heterozygous individuals whereas taxa in red and marked with '**' are COI-EF1α mito-nuclear incongruences.
Fig. 2 in Molecular evidence of hybridisation in two invasive species of Pomacea (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae) in Peninsular Malaysia
Fig. 2. Representative agarose gel electrophoresis image showing the ApaLI-digested EF1α amplicons for 14 specimens from Putrajaya. The single band, two-band, and three-band RFLP profiles indicate Pomacea canaliculata, P. maculata, and interspecific heterozygous hybrids, respectively.
Fig. 1 in Recombination provides evidence for ancient hybridisation in the Silene aegyptiaca (Caryophyllaceae) complex
Fig. 1 Species tree inferred by the DISSECT module of *BEAST based on six nuclear loci. Clades containing conspecific samples have been shown as triangles. Six clades and three singletons comprise the nine species discussed in the text. Numbers above branches are the clade
Fig. 5 in Recombination provides evidence for ancient hybridisation in the Silene aegyptiaca (Caryophyllaceae) complex
Fig. 5 Proposed model of the introgression and recombination between the S. atocioides (pink) and S. aegyptiaca (yellow) S. aegyptiaca lineages. Event A is a hybridisation episode leading to the introgression of a S. atocioides (pink) allele of EST09 into the S. aegyptiaca (yellow) population. This would have occurred at ca. 0.026 relative time units. Event B is recombination among alleles in the S. aegyptiaca (yellow) population over time since introgression to produce several combinations between the single S. atocioides (pink) allele lineage from the source population and several S. aegyptiaca (yellow) allele lineages present in the S. atocioides (pink) population. We presuppose that a recombination hotspot is present to generate approx. the same breakpoint in each case. This results in alelle combinations with monophyletic S. atocioides (pink) alleles (all derived from pink allele 1) in the recombinants, but more diverse S. aegyptiaca (yellow) alleles (derived from yellow alleles 1, 2 and 3) in the recombinants, consistent with the gene tree observations. Alternatively, two independent recombinations (rather than three) and subsequent divergence of one S. aegyptiaca (yellow) allele lineage in the recombinants could explain the gene trees
Fig. 4 in Recombination provides evidence for ancient hybridisation in the Silene aegyptiaca (Caryophyllaceae) complex
Fig. 4 Maximum clade credibility chronogram inferred using BEAST of the 3′ partition of EST09. Numbers above branches are the clade posterior probabilities. The putatively recombined sequences are marked by red
Replicated anthropogenic hybridisations reveal parallel patterns of admixture in marine mussels.
<p>This folder contains the data and scripts used for the paper:</p> <p>Simon, A. et al. Replicated anthropogenic hybridisations reveal parallel patterns of admixture in marine mussels. Evolutionary Applications (2019).</p> <p>See the README inside the zip archive for more details.</p>
Fig. 3 in Hybridisation In The Wild Between The Great Hornbill (Buceros Bicornis) And The Rhinoceros Hornbill (Buceros Rhinoceros) In Thailand And Its Genetic Assessment
Fig. 3. Nucleotide sequences of core tandem repeats of hypervariable mitochondrial control region III (CR III) in four hornbill individuals; the female great hornbill (GU560189), the male rhinoceros hornbill (GU560192), and two interspecific hybrids (GU560190 for 2004- hybrid and GU560191 for 2008-hybrid). Underlined sequence shows the core sequence of 11 bp in 23 bp tandem repeats in the rhinoceros hornbill that is similar to that of the great hornbill. Bold letters indicate nucleotide sequences at 10th nucleotide position of 11 bp core sequences in the four birds.
Fig. 2 in Hybridisation In The Wild Between The Great Hornbill (Buceros Bicornis) And The Rhinoceros Hornbill (Buceros Rhinoceros) In Thailand And Its Genetic Assessment
Fig. 2. Comparative features among the chicks of the hybrid (I and a–f), the great hornbill (II and g–l), the rhinoceros hornbill (III and m–r), and adult males and females of both species (A–C). Descriptions of morphological features of the hybrid chick and chicks of the great hornbill and the rhinoceros hornbill were given in Table 1. Please note that the female great hornbill and the male rhinoceros hornbill in II and III are not the real hybrid parents.
Fig. 1 in Hybridisation In The Wild Between The Great Hornbill (Buceros Bicornis) And The Rhinoceros Hornbill (Buceros Rhinoceros) In Thailand And Its Genetic Assessment
Fig. 1. Capture locations of two interspecific hybrids and a mother great hornbill in 2004 at Budo Mountain within the National Park (a) and in 2008 at 4 km from the National Park (b).
Data from: The symmetry spectrum in a hybridising, tropical group of rhododendrons
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Disentangling complex histories of hybridisation: The genomic consequences of ancient and recent introgression in Channel Island monkeyflowers
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Multigenerational hybridisation results in heterosis and facilitates adaptive introgression, with no evidence of outbreeding depression in a pair of marine gastropods
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Pre-introduction introgression contributes to parallel differentiation and contrasting hybridisation outcomes between invasive and native marine mussels
<p class="CxSpFirst">Non-native species experience novel selection pressures in introduced environments and may interbreed with native lineages. Species introductions therefore provide opportunities to investigate repeated patterns of adaptation and introgression across replicated contact zones. Here, we investigate genetic parallelism between multiple introduced populations of the invasive marine mussel, <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i>, in the absence (South Africa and California) and presence of hybridisation with a native congener (<i>Mytilus planulatus</i> in Batemans Bay and Sydney Harbour, Australia). Repeatability in post-introduction differentiation from native-range populations varied between genetically distinct Atlantic and Mediterranean lineages, with Atlantic-derived introductions displaying high differentiation (<i>maxFST</i>>0.4) and parallelism at outlier loci. Identification of long non-coding RNA transcripts (lncRNA) additionally allowed us to clarify that parallel responses are largely limited to protein-coding loci, with lncRNAs likely evolving under evolutionary constraints. Comparisons of independent hybrid zones revealed differential introgression most strongly in Batemans Bay, with an excess of <i>M. galloprovincialis</i> ancestry and resistance to introgression at loci differentiating parental lineages (<i>M. planulatus</i> and Atlantic <i>M. galloprovincialis</i>)<i>. </i>Additionally, contigs putatively introgressed with divergent alleles from a closely related species, <i>Mytilus edulis, </i>showed stronger introgression asymmetries compared to genome-wide trends and also diverged in parallel in both Atlantic-derived introductions. These results suggest that divergent demographic histories experienced by introduced lineages, including pre-introduction introgression, influences contemporary admixture dynamics. Our findings build on previous investigations reporting contributions of historical introgression to intrinsic reproductive architectures shared between marine lineages and illustrate that interspecific introgression history can shape differentiation between colonising populations and their hybridisation with native congeners.</p>
MiL-FISH: Multi-labelled oligonucleotides for fluorescence in situ hybridisation improve visualization of bacterial cells
<p>Comparison of mono-, MiL- and CARD-FISH on LR-White embedded <em>Olavius algarvensis</em> cross sections A: Ethanol preserved specimen, cu = cuticle, sym = symbionts, sep = septum, epi = epidermis, mu = muscle, vbv = ventral blood vessel & nerve chord, chl = chloragogen tissue, grid square = example of region shown in images B, C, D and E.</p> <p>Probes for Gammaproteobacteria (Gam42a; green) and a subgroup of sulfate-reducing Deltaproteobacteria (DSS658; red) on B) mono-FISH on ethanol preserved specimen, 19 hour hybridisation. C) mono-FISH on ethanol preserved specimen, 3 hour hybridisation and D) CARD-FISH on Carnoy’s / PFA fixed specimen, 3-hour hybridisation. E) MiL-FISH on Carnoy’s / PFA fixed specimen, 3 hour hybridisation. Scale bar = 5 µm.</p>
MiL-FISH: Multi-labelled oligonucleotides for fluorescence in situ hybridisation improve visualization of bacterial cells
<p>Sections of LR-White embedded <em>Olavius algarvensis </em>eggs. A) DAPI stained overview of egg after first cleavage, grid square = region in B, cle = cleavage. B) Gamma- (ii) and Delta- (i) proteobacteria hybridised with 4x labelled Gam42a & 4x labelled DSS658 probe respectively. Autofluorescence of egg yolk is overcome and bacteria are seen to closely associated with the developing embryo. y = egg yolk C) DAPI stained overview of juvenile worm in egg, grid square = region in D. D) Gamma 1 symbiont phylotype (iii) hybridised with 16S rRNA specific probe labelled with 2x FITC and 2x Cy3 to produce yellow in the overlay. Symbiont cells are incorporated between cuticle and epidermis and in close proximity to egg yolk. y = egg yolk, c = cuticle. Scale: A & C = 50 µm, B & D = 5 µm.</p>
MiL-FISH: Multi-labelled oligonucleotides for fluorescence in situ hybridisation improve visualization of bacterial cells
<p>Epifluorescence images of MiL-FISH labelled microorganisms: A) <em>Beggiatoa sp. </em>hybridised with Gam42a, B) <em>Desulfococcus biacutus </em>with DSS658, C) <em>Roseobacter sp. </em>with Ros537, D) <em>Sulfurimonas denitrificans </em>with EPSY914, E) <em>Rhodopirellula sp. </em>SH1 T with PLA46, F) <em>Gramella forsetii </em>with CF319a, G) <em>Metallosphaera sedula </em>with Arch915, H) Composite image of all seven microbial partners in an artificial mix. Letters correlate to images of individual organisms A-G. Scale bar: A & H = 10 µm, B-G = 5 µm.</p> <p>From:</p> <p>Schimak MP, Kleiner M, Wetzel S, Liebeke M, Dubilier N, Fuchs BM. 2015. MiL-FISH: Multi-labelled oligonucleotides for fluorescence in situ hybridisation improve visualization of bacterial cells. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Accepted manuscript posted online. doi:10.1128/AEM.02776-15</p>
Data from: Evidence for hybridisation-driven heteroplasmy maintained across generations in a ricefish endemic to a Wallacean ancient lake
<p><span>Heteroplasmy, </span><span>the presence of multiple mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes within cells of an individual,</span><span> is caused by mutation or paternal leakage. However, heteroplasmy is usually resolved to homoplasmy within a few generations because of germ-line bottlenecks; therefore, instances of heteroplasmy are limited in nature. Here, we report </span><span>heteroplasmy in the ricefish species <em>Oryzias matanensis</em>, endemic to Lake Matano, an ancient lake in Sulawesi Island, in which one individual was known to have many heterozygous sites in the <span class="shorttext">mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) gene</span>. </span><span>In this study, </span><span>we cloned the ND2 gene for some additional individuals with heterozygous sites and demonstrated that they are truly heteroplasmic. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the extra haplotype within the heteroplasmic <em>O. matanensis</em> individuals clustered with haplotypes of </span><em><span>O. marmoratus</span></em><span>, a congeneric species inhabiting adjacent lakes. This indicated that the heteroplasmy originated from paternal leakage due to interspecific hybridisation. </span><span>The extra haplotype was unique and contained </span><span>t</span><span>wo</span><span> nonsynonymous substitutions. </span><span>These findings demonstrate that this hybridisation-driven heteroplasmy was maintained across generations for a long time to the extent that the extra mitochondria evolved within the new host.</span></p>
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