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20 results for “Liolaemus lineomaculatus”
Data from: How lizards survived blizzards: phylogeography of the Liolaemus lineomaculatus group (Liolaemidae) reveals multiple breaks and refugia in southern Patagonia, and their concordance with other co-distributed taxa
Patagonia was shaped by a complex geological history, including the Miocene uplift of the Andes, followed by volcanism, marine introgressions, and extreme climatic oscillations during Pleistocene glaciation–deglaciation cycles. The distributional patterns and phylogenetic relationships of southern patagonian animals and plants were affected in different ways, and those imprints are reflected in the seven phylogeographic breaks and eight refugia that have been previously proposed. In this study we estimated time-calibrated phylogenetic/phylogeographic patterns in lizards of the Liolaemus lineomaculatus group, and related them to historical Miocene-to-Pleistocene events of Patagonia and the previously proposed phylogeographic patterns. Individuals from 51 localities were sequenced for the mitochondrial marker (cyt-b) and a sub-sample of individuals from each mitochondrial lineage was sequenced for one nuclear (LDA12D) and one slow evolving mitochondrial gene (12S). Our analyses revealed strong phylogeographic structure among lineages and, in most cases, no signal of population changes through time. The lineomaculatus group is composed of three strongly supported clades (lineomaculatus, hatcheri and kolengh+silvanae), and divergence estimates suggested their origins associated with the oldest known Patagonian glaciation (7-5 Ma); subsequent diversification within the lineomaculatus clade coincided with the large Pliocene glaciations (~3.5 Ma). The lineomaculatus clade includes nine strongly structured genetically and geographically lineages and five of them are interpreted candidate species. Our findings suggest that some Liolaemus lineages have persisted in situ in multiple refugia through several glaciation-deglaciation cycles in southern Patagonia without demographic fluctuations. We also provide qualitative evidence of some shared phylogeographic breaks and refugia among plants, rodents, and lizards.
FIGURE 5 in New species of lizard from the magellanicus clade of the Liolaemus lineomaculatus section (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from southern Patagonia
FIGURE 5. Morphological comparison between Liolaemus magellanicus (left) and L. caparensis sp. nov. (right). Differences in dorsal scales are shown in blue/light blue, in L. magellanicus scales are more mucronated than in L. caparensis sp. nov.; differences in dorsal scales of hindlimbs are shown in green/light green, in L. magellanicus scales are more mucronated and less carinated than in L. caparensis sp. nov. Notice differences in color pattern on the tails, size of blotches on the limbs, and the differences in vertebral lines.
FIGURE 3 in New species of lizard from the magellanicus clade of the Liolaemus lineomaculatus section (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from southern Patagonia
FIGURE 3. Type locality of Liolaemus caparensis sp. nov., Subantartic Phytogeographic province, Estepa de Festuca pallescens District (49º 34' 11.0" S, 72º 02' 51.9" W).
FIGURE 4 in New species of lizard from the magellanicus clade of the Liolaemus lineomaculatus section (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from southern Patagonia
FIGURE 4. Distribution map for species of the magellanicus group, with localities sampled superimposed on regional elevation (shading). White square: Liolaemus caparensis sp. nov.; black squares: distribution of L. magellanicus; black and gray squares: L. magellanicus localities used in this study from LJAMM-CNP collection. Arrow indicates type locality of L. magellanicus (in Chile). SC: Santa Cruz province. Notice L. caparensis sp. nov. distribution does not overlap with the distribution of L. magellanicus (south of the Santa Cruz river).
FIGURE 2 in New species of lizard from the magellanicus clade of the Liolaemus lineomaculatus section (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from southern Patagonia
FIGURE 2. Upper, dorsal and ventral views of male holotype in life of Liolaemus caparensis sp. nov. MLP.S 2628; below, dorsal and ventral views of female (LJAMM-CNP 9387).
FIGURE 1 in New species of lizard from the magellanicus clade of the Liolaemus lineomaculatus section (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from southern Patagonia
FIGURE 1. Relationships between Liolaemus caparensis sp. nov. and species of the L. lineomaculatus section and selected species of the subgenus Eulaemus and Liolaemus sensu stricto. On the left, phylogenetic relationships recovered using seven nuclear genes (Cmos, ACM4tg, PRLR, LDA8F, LDA1D, LDA9C and LDA9E, 4180 bp total alignment length) with Bayesian species-tree inference; bold branches represent well supported nodes (Pp> 0.95). On the right, the Bayesian tree (modified from Breitman et al. 2011), represents a concatenated analyses (5865 bp) including the seven nuclear genes plus two mitochondrial genes (12S and cyt-b), and summarizes information from MP and ML methods. Nodes with high support from three methods (MP, jackknife and ML bootstrap>0.70; Bayesian Pp> 0.95) are identified by bold branches; solid circles show nodes with weak MP support, and open circles nodes with weak MP and ML support.
FIGURE 7 in Two new species of lizards from the Liolaemus lineomaculatus section (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from southern Patagonia
FIGURE 7. Upper, dorsal and ventral views of holotype in life of L. avilae sp. nov. MLP.S 2627; below, dorsal and ventral views of female (LJAMM-CNP 9399).
FIGURE 4 in Two new species of lizards from the Liolaemus lineomaculatus section (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from southern Patagonia
FIGURE 4. Type locality of Liolaemus morandae sp. nov., Patagonic phytogeographic province, del Golfo de San Jorge District (45°41'10,6" S; 67°53'49,9" W, 693 m).
FIGURE 1 in Two new species of lizards from the Liolaemus lineomaculatus section (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from southern Patagonia
FIGURE 1. Relationships between Liolaemus morandae sp. nov. and L. avilae sp. nov. within the L. lineomaculatus section, and selected species of the subgenus Eulaemus and Liolaemus sensu stricto. On the left, phylogenetic relationships recovered with Bayesian inference using seven nuclear genes (Cmos, ACM4tg, PRLR, LDA8F, LDA1D, LDA9C and LDA9E, 4180 bp total alignment length), bold branches represent well supported nodes (Pp> 0.95). On the right, the Bayesian tree (modified from Breitman et al. 2011) represents a concatenated analyses including the seven nuclear genes plus two mitochondrial genes (12S and cyt-b; 5865 bp) and summarizes information from MP and ML methods. Nodes with high support from three methods (MP, jackknife and ML bootstrap> 0.70; Bayesian Pp> 0.95) are identified by bold branches; solid circles show nodes with weak MP support and open circles nodes with weak MP and ML support.
FIGURE 3 in Two new species of lizards from the Liolaemus lineomaculatus section (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from southern Patagonia
FIGURE 3. Upper, dorsal and ventral views of male holotype in life of Liolaemus morandae sp. nov. MLP.S 2626; lower, dorsal and ventral views of female (LJAMM-CNP 13020).
FIGURE 2. Discriminant-function analysis summarizing principal components 1 – 6 in Two new species of lizards from the Liolaemus lineomaculatus section (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from southern Patagonia
FIGURE 2. Discriminant-function analysis summarizing principal components 1 – 6, for all six species of the L. lineomaculatus group. Black circles: L. morandae sp. nov.; white circles: L. avilae sp. nov.; black squares: L. lineomaculatus; white squares: L. kolengh; gray triangles: L. hatcheri; black triangles: L. silvanae.
FIGURE 6 in Two new species of lizards from the Liolaemus lineomaculatus section (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from southern Patagonia
FIGURE 6. Morphological comparison between Liolaemus morandae sp. nov. (A), L. lineomaculatus (B) and L. avilae sp. nov. (C). Notice differences in color pattern on the tails, size of blotches on the limbs and differences in vertebral and paravertebral lines. Dorsal scales (shown on the right) are less mucronated in L. lineomaculatus. Dorsal scales of hindlimbs are less carinated in L. morandae sp. nov. than in the other species, while they are more mucronated in L. avilae sp. nov.
FIGURE 8 in Two new species of lizards from the Liolaemus lineomaculatus section (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from southern Patagonia
FIGURE 8. Type locality of Liolaemus avilae sp. nov. Altoandina phytogeographic province, Altoandino Austral District (47º05'29.0" S, 71º01'12.9" W, 1154 m).
FIGURE 5 in Two new species of lizards from the Liolaemus lineomaculatus section (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from southern Patagonia
FIGURE 5. Distribution map for species of the lineomaculatus group, with geographical localities sampled in this study superimposed on regional elevation (shading). Black circles: L. morandae sp. nov.; white circle: L. avilae sp. nov.; black squares: L. lineomaculatus; white square: L. kolengh; white triangles: L. hatcheri; black triangle: L. silvanae. Arrows indicate type localities. CH: Chubut province; SC: Santa Cruz province.
Figure 6 in Past and present taxonomy of the Liolaemus lineomaculatus section (Liolaemidae): is the morphological arrangement hypothesis valid?
Figure 6. Snout–vent length (SVL, expressed in millimetres) amongst individuals of all the species of the Liolaemus archeforus, Liolaemus kingii, Liolaemus lineomaculatus, and Liolaemus magellanicus groups. Female data are shown in white and male in grey.
Figure 4 in Past and present taxonomy of the Liolaemus lineomaculatus section (Liolaemidae): is the morphological arrangement hypothesis valid?
Figure 4. Number of midbody scales amongst individuals of the Liolaemus archeforus, Liolaemus kingii, Liolaemus lineomaculatus, and Liolaemus magellanicus groups. No statistically significant differences were found between the L. kingii and L. archeforus groups. Female data are shown in white and male in grey.
Figure 3 in Past and present taxonomy of the Liolaemus lineomaculatus section (Liolaemidae): is the morphological arrangement hypothesis valid?
Figure 3. Pictures of dorsal scales of all the species belonging to the Liolaemus archeforus, Liolaemus kingii, Liolaemus lineomaculatus, and Liolaemus magellanicus groups. Squares are 1 cm2. No differences or trends can be observed between scales of the species included in the L. kingii and L. archeforus groups.
Figure 2 in Past and present taxonomy of the Liolaemus lineomaculatus section (Liolaemidae): is the morphological arrangement hypothesis valid?
Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships hypothesized for the Liolaemus lineomaculatus section using nuclear (nu) and/or mitochondrial (mt) genes; A, species tree inferred using mt and nu genes by Breitman et al. (2011a); posterior probability (Pp) values higher than 0.5 are shown, bold branches show clades with Pp> 0.95; B, Bayesian tree, representing concatenated analyses and summarizing information from maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods from Breitman et al. (2011a); nodes with high support from three methods (MP jack-knife and ML bootstrap> 0.70; Pp> 0.95) are identified by bold branches; open squares show nodes with weak MP support, and circles nodes with weak MP and ML support; C, ML tree recovered using mt genes by Schulte & Moreno-Roark (2010).
Figure 5 in Past and present taxonomy of the Liolaemus lineomaculatus section (Liolaemidae): is the morphological arrangement hypothesis valid?
Figure 5. Snout–vent length (SVL, expressed in millimetres) amongst individuals of the Liolaemus archeforus, Liolaemus kingii, Liolaemus lineomaculatus, and Liolaemus magellanicus groups. No statistically significant differences were found between the L. kingii and L. archeforus groups. Female data are shown in white and males in grey.
Data from: How lizards survived blizzards: phylogeography of the Liolaemus lineomaculatus group (Liolaemidae) reveals multiple breaks and refugia in southern Patagonia, and their concordance with other co-distributed taxa
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