Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-by-sa-4.0Nov 2018View details →

Supplementary Material for "Formal methods in dependable systems engineering: a survey of professionals from Europe and North America"

This report contains supplemental material for <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10664-020-09836-5">this paper</a>, including a detailed analysis of responses to certain questions, further visualizations of the collected data, details on our analysis of related work, and a copy of the whole questionnaire. This material was shared for the period of peer review and has been significantly updated, extended, and included in <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10664-020-09836-5">this journal publication</a>.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2024View details →

The language of sound search: Examining User Queries in Audio Search Engines (supplementary materials)

<h2>Overview</h2> This dataset accompanies the <a href="https://dcase.community/documents/workshop2024/proceedings/DCASE2024Workshop_Weck_54.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">paper</a> titled "The Language of Sound Search: Examining User Queries in Audio Search Engines." The study investigates user-generated textual queries within the context of sound search engines, which are commonly used for applications such as foley, sound effects, and general audio retrieval. The paper addresses the gap in current research regarding the real-world needs and behaviors of users when designing text-based audio retrieval systems. By analyzing search queries collected from two sources — a custom survey and Freesound query logs — the study provides insights into user behavior in sound search contexts. Our findings reveal that users tend to formulate longer and more detailed queries when not constrained by existing systems, and that both survey and <a href="https://freesound.org/">Freesound</a> queries are predominantly keyword-based. This dataset contains the raw data collected from the survey and annotations of Freesound query logs. <h2>Files in This Dataset</h2> The dataset includes the following files: <ol> <li> <code>participants.csv</code> Contains data from the survey participants. Columns: <ul> <li><code>id</code>: A unique identifier for each participant.</li> <li><code>fluency</code>: Self-reported English language proficiency.</li> <li><code>experience</code>: Whether the participant has used online sound libraries before.</li> <li><code>passed_instructions</code>: Boolean value indicating whether the participant advanced past the instructions page in the survey.</li> </ul> </li> <li> <code>annotations.csv</code> Contains annotations of the survey responses, detailing the participants' interaction with the sound search tasks. Columns: <ul> <li><code>id</code>: A unique identifier for each annotation.</li> <li><code>participant_id</code>: Links to the participant’s ID in <code>participants.csv</code>.</li> <li><code>stimulus_id</code>: Identifier for the stimulus presented to the participant (audio, image, or text description).</li> <li><code>stimulus_type</code>: The type of stimulus (audio, image, text).</li> <li><code>audio_result_id</code>: Identifier for the hypothetical audio result presented during the search task.</li> <li><code>query1</code>: Initial search query submitted based on the stimulus.</li> <li><code>query2</code>: Refined search query after seeing the hypothetical search result.</li> <li><code>aspects1</code>: Aspects considered important when formulating the initial query.</li> <li><code>aspects2</code>: Aspects considered important when refining the query.</li> <li><code>result_relevance</code>: Participant's rating of the hypothetical search result's relevance.</li> <li><code>time</code>: Time taken to complete the search task.</li> </ul> </li> <li> <code>freesound_queries_annotated.csv</code> Contains annotated Freesound search queries. Columns: <ul> <li><code>query</code>: Text of the search query submitted to Freesound.</li> <li><code>count</code>: The number of times the specific query was submitted.</li> <li><code>topic</code>: Annotated topic of the query, based on an ontology derived from AudioSet, with an additional category, <code>Other</code>, which includes non-English queries and NSFW-related content.</li> </ul> </li> <li> <code>survey_stimuli_data.zip</code> This ZIP file contains three CSV files corresponding to the three stimulus types used in the survey: <ul> <li>Audio stimuli: Categorized sound recordings presented to participants.</li> <li>Image stimuli: Annotated images that prompted sound-related queries.</li> <li>Text stimuli: Summarized descriptions of sounds provided to participants.</li> </ul> </li> </ol> More details on the stimuli and the survey methodology can be found in the accompanying paper. <h2>Citation</h2> If you use this dataset in your research, please cite the corresponding paper: <div> <pre>B. Weck and F. Font, ‘The Language of Sound Search: Examining User Queries in Audio Search Engines’, in Proceedings of the Detection and Classification of Acoustic Scenes and Events 2024 Workshop (DCASE2024), Tokyo, Japan, Oct. 2024, pp. 181–185.</pre> <pre><code>@inproceedings{Weck2024, author = "Weck, Benno and Font, Frederic", title = "The Language of Sound Search: Examining User Queries in Audio Search Engines", booktitle = "Proceedings of the Detection and Classification of Acoustic Scenes and Events 2024 Workshop (DCASE2024)", address = "Tokyo, Japan", month = "October", year = "2024", pages = "181--185" }</code></pre> </div>

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Protein adsorption on biodegradable mikro/nanofibre materials for tissue engineering

Due to their specific properties, nanofibrous materials are increasingly used in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Nanofibrous materials can be used as tissue scaffolds for injured (damaged) tissue. The main factor for tissue scaffolds is their biocompatibility. One of the main factors influencing the organism's physiological response is the interaction of the material with proteins. Proteins adsorbed on the material's surface give the tissue scaffolds a "biological identity". Cells in the organism subsequently interact with proteins adsorbed on the material's surface and determine the entire organism's response to the implanted material. This work deals with the influence of the morphology and chemical composition of polyester nanofibrous materials on the adsorption of proteins. The materials produced by electrospinning (DC spinning) were characterised from the point of view of morphology and wettability. Then, the adsorption of weakly and strongly bound proteins on the fibre surface was evaluated. Cell adhesion and proliferation on the tested materials were also observed. The results of protein adsorption were compared with the results of cell adhesion and proliferation to determine the effect of the amount of adsorbed proteins on the interaction of cells with the tested materials.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →

A Thematic Synthesis on Empathy in Software Engineering based on the Practitioners' Perspective - Supplementary Material

This repository contains the supplementary material of the paper "A Thematic Synthesis on Empathy in Software Engineering based on the Practitioners' Perspective"  (DOI https://doi.org/10.1145/3613372.3613407) accepted at the Research Track of the  XXXVII Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering (SBES 2023). The artifacts are a result of a thematic synthesis of grey literature  performed to investigate the meaning, importance, practices, and effects of empathy  from the perspective of software practitioners.  The analysis was based on web articles from DEV, an online community used by software developers.  The data were collected and stored in the repository to preserve the evidence and ensure the study’s replicability.   The repository contains the following material: 1- <all codes.ods> and <all codes.xlsx> All codes generated in the data extraction process, considering research questions RQ1-RQ5: The two files have the same content in different formats - ODS and XLSX. 2 - <dataset.csv>  The list of web articles collected from the DEV in CSV format with all inclusion and  exclusion information, plus demographic data. 3 - <empathy-framework.jpg> Figure 3 of the paper: A conceptual map of the meaning (boxes in orange) and  the value (boxes in blue) of empathy according to the software practitioners 4 - <empathy-model.jpg>  Figure 4 of the paper: A conceptual framework for communication and collaboration (A),  management and leadership (B), coding (C), and code review (D). 5 - <extraction.ods> and <extraction.xlsx>. The data extracted from the web articles,  including codes and quotes for each research question.  The two files have the same content in different formats - ODS and XLSX.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

Supplementary Material on "Processes, Methods, and Tools in Model-based Engineering --- A Qualitative Multiple-Case Study"

This dataset provides the supplementary material that we applied for all interviews conducted in the context of our qualitative study resulting in the JSS article mentioned in the title: <ul> <li>The semi-structured interview guide,</li> <li>the codebook,</li> <li>the blank consent form that our interviewees signed,</li> <li>and the blank invitation mail that we used to ask our interviewees to participate in our study.</li> </ul>

openbsd-3-clauseMar 2022View details →

Topological states in superlattices of HgTe class of materials for engineering three-dimensional flat bands

In search of materials with three-dimensional flat band dispersions, using ab-initio computations we investigate how topological phases evolve as a function of hydrostatic pressure and uniaxial strain in two types of superlattices: HgTe/CdTe and HgTe/HgSe. In short-period HgTe/CdTe superlattices, our analysis unveils the presence of isoenergetic nodal lines, which could host strain-induced three-dimensional flat bands at the Fermi level without requiring doping, when fabricated, for instance, as core-shell nanowires. In contrast, HgTe/HgSe short-period superlattices are found to harbor a rich phase diagram with a plethora of topological phases. Notably, the unstrained superlattice realizes an ideal Weyl semimetal with Weyl points situated at the Fermi level. A small-gap topological insulator with multiple band inversions can be obtained by tuning the volume: under compressive uniaxial strain, the material transitions sequentially into a Dirac semimetal to a nodal-line semimetal, and finally into a topological insulator with a single band inversion. The provided repository contains data to reproduce the figures of the corresponding article.

THE BATTERY MATERIALS SOURCING ENGINEER - Mark Huijben - University of Twente

The need for radically different usage of our planet's resources has never been so high. There is an increasing demand for electricity in the years to come. We need innovative ways to store that energy to take it out whenever and wherever we need it.  Professor in Nanomaterials for Energy Conversion and Storage, Mark Huijben elaborates on the development of next-level batteries. Not only having optimal performance but also being more sustainable. That begins with the design of a battery. Also, the materials being used make a huge difference in their recyclability.  Gerwin Hoogsteen, a researcher on energy management for smart grids, surprises us with a creative perspective on energy usage and storage. He takes us to the year 2030 where energy is stored locally, in self-driving cars that drive to places with energy overload and take it to the place where you need it: your home. What hurdles do we need to take to make this a reality?

Supplementary Material for Disruptive Solutions on Requirement Engineering for Agile Software Development: A tertiary study

This repository delivers the supplementary material for the paper: Disruptive Solutions on Requirement Engineering for Agile Software Development: A tertiary study. In the following, we present the abstract of the study: Context: Agile Software Development (ASD) is a disruptive process compared to traditional software development. Therefore, traditional Requirements Engineering (RE) forms may not be the best way to do RE for ASD (RE-ASD). Objective: Working with ASD using traditional RE ways could limit ASD's potential. Thus, it is necessary to investigate what academia and industry have done in RE to take full advantage of all of the capabilities of ASD beyond traditional RE. Method: We conducted a Tertiary Study looking for solutions for RE-ASD using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) protocol described by Kitchenham and Charters. We then categorized the solutions into families using Targeted Coding and Constant Comparison, tools from Socio-Technical Grounded Theory (STGT). Afterward, we classified the solutions as disruptive using our model based on the Hype Level Curve concept, assessing their hype (popularity) in the software engineering community using Google Trends and Google Colab tools. Results: After executing the SLR protocol, we accepted 37 studies and encountered 136 solutions used by academia and industry for RE-ASD. We categorized these solutions into 21 solution families, six of which we classified as disruptive. Design Thinking (DT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) were the two families of solutions that stood out the most. We also identified the type of solution (e.g., process, method, technique, tool, model, framework) and domain (academia or industry). Furthermore, we cataloged the challenges presented by the solutions. Conclusion: We concluded that only a few solutions that have been used for RE-ASD have the power to successfully challenge the mainstream Agile Software Development process by using innovation (26 out of 106). There is a gap between academia and industry regarding these disruptive solutions, and some challenges still need to be addressed in using these solutions. The repository contains the following: <ul> <li>Dataset from the Tertiary Study: <ul> <li>Data of the retrieved studies. It presents the classifications of the documents as 'Accepted,' 'Rejected' (with the indication of the step of the protocol the authors rejected the study), or 'Duplicated.'</li> <li>Data of all solutions retrieved from the accepted studies</li> </ul> </li> <li>Socio-Technical Grounded Theory (STGT) tools <ul> <li>Result of the use of Targeted Coding and Constant Comparison</li> </ul> </li> <li>The Google Colab Notebook <ul> <li>Code in python</li> <li>Results</li> </ul> </li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2022View details →

Dataset for "Applicability of Control Materials To Support Gene Promoter Characterization and Expression in Engineered Cells Using Digital PCR"

This dataset constitutes the pre-processed data contained in the publication 'Applicability of Control Materials To Support Gene Promoter Characterization and Expression in Engineered Cells Using Digital PCR' Analytical Chemistry (2022) 94(14):5566-5574 (DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05134).

opencc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

Supplemental Material: Research Artifacts for Human-Oriented Experiments in Software Engineering: An ACM Badges–driven Structure Proposal

This Research Artifact contains supplemental material from the study: "Supplemental Material: Research Artifacts for Human-Oriented Experiments in Software Engineering: An ACM Badges–driven Structure Proposal".  The supplementary material contains: <ol> <li>The list of the 106 primary studies classified by journals.</li> <li>The list of the 12 research artifacts classified by conferences.</li> <li>The .xlsx file of the dataset used to analyze the RQs.</li> <li>The .xlsx file of the dataset used to analyze the research artifacts problems (Table 3). </li> <li>The list of the figures published in the scientific article.</li> </ol>

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2024View details →

Dataset for "Engineering defect clustering in diamond-based materials for technological applications via quantum mechanical descriptors"

The unique set of extreme physical properties makes diamond an ideal candidate for applications in the energy industry such as in high-power and high-frequency electronics as well as in electrochemistry and photovoltaics. Furthermore, dopant-vacancy complexes in diamond can be exploited for further development of quantum computers, single-photon emitters, high-precision magnetic field sensing and nanophotonic devices. While certain dopant-vacancy complexes are well-studied, studies of other dopant/vacancy clusters are focused mostly on defect detection while investigations on how to tune their electronic and optical properties for specific applications is mostly omitted. To this aim, we attempted to reveal coupled structural-electronic features and their effect on the band gap of such defects through first principle calculations. We investigated four different defect types: a) dopant-vacancy complexes (X-V), b) two dopants as nearest neighbours (X-X), c) two dopants separated by one carbon atom (X-C-X) and d) two dopants separated by a vacancy (X-V-X). For each of these configurations, we considered Al, B, N, P and Si as dopant atoms. This dataset contains input files needed to reproduce every ground state geometry used in our study.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2021View details →

Dopant Engineering for Spiro-OMeTAD Hole-Transporting Materials towards Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

Optoelectronic, photovoltaic, and supplementary characterization data for “Dopant Engineering for Spiro-OMeTAD Hole-Transporting Materials towards Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells”, DOI:10.1002/adfm.202102124 <ul> <li>CV.zip: Data (cyclic voltammograms) described in Figures S3–S5 in Origin (*opj) file format.</li> <li>EPR.zip: Data (EPR spectra) described in Figure 5, Figure S2, and Table S2 in Origin (*opj) file format.</li> <li>Optical.zip: Data (UV-vis, PL, and TRPL spectra) described in Figure 4 and Table S1 in Origin (*opj) file format.</li> <li>PV.zip: Data (photovoltaic characteristics) described in the Figures 2–3, Table 1, Figure S1, and Figure S6 in Origin (*opj) file format.</li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2023View details →

Supplementary materials of the active learning methodology for online engineering education

These are the supplementary materials for the active learning methodology for engineering education integrating online and mobile learning. The methodology is focused on teaching electronics, physical computing, basic robotics, and programming. The purpose of the methodology was to provide active learning, experimentation, and reflection in online classes to the students increasing their motivation and self-efficacy. The file contains the following elements: <ol> <li>Rubric employed to evaluate the student-created videos and blogs.</li> <li>The survey's questions of the different courses that employ online and mobile learning modalities.</li> <li>A set of URLs with examples of the blogs and videos constructed by the students.</li> </ol>

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2024View details →

Prospects for Quantum Software Engineering in the Next Decade - Supplementary material

This supplementary material corresponds to the study "Prospects for Quantum Software Engineering in the Next Decade" for the Software Engineering in 2030 Workshop (SE2030). In this supplementary material you will find the papers found in the search for the terms "Quantum Software Engineering" in the bibliographic databases of Scopus and Google Scholar, as well as their evolution since 2004.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Supplemental Material to Doctoral Thesis "Engineering approach for predicting tunneling crack initiation in trailing-edge adhesive joints of wind turbine blades under mechanical fatigue and thermal residual stresses"

This set supplements the figure data to the doctoral thesis "Engineering approach for predicting tunneling crack initiation in trailing-edge adhesive joints of wind turbine blades under mechanical fatigue and thermal residual stresses", DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-19144">10.14279/depositonce-19144</a>

Supplementary material of the study "Flying over Brazilian Organizations with Zeppelin: A Preliminary Panoramic Picture of Continuous Software Engineering"

Supplementary Material Context: Software organizations have faced several challenges, such as the need for faster deliveries, frequent changes in requirements, lower tolerance to failures and the need to adapt to contemporary business models. Agile practices have allowed organizations to shorten development cycles and increase customer collaboration. However, this has not been enough. Organizations should evolve to continuous and data-driven development in a continuous software engineering approach. Continuous Software Engineering (CSE) consists of a set of practices and tools that support a holistic view of software development with the purpose of making it faster, iterative, integrated, continuous and aligned with business. Implementing CSE requires changes in the organization’s culture, practices and structure, which may not be easy. Objective:  We aim to provide a preliminary picture of CSE adoption in Brazilian software organizations. Method: We adapted and used Zeppelin, a diagnostic instrument of CSE adoption based on the Stairway to Heaven Model (StH), to perform a survey with 28 Brazilian organizations aiming at investigating the adoption of CSE practices. Results: The results indicate that organizations have better addressed agile and continuous deployment practices than the ones related to continuous integration and continuous experimentation, but this scenario changes a bit depending on the organization type. The results also show that CSE adoption has been heterogeneous, but there are patterns in the adoption of some practices. Conclusion: Although the StH model proposes a sequential and evolutionary path for CSE adoption, organizations have not always followed that path systematically. There are indeed CSE practices that depend on others and thus contribute to sequential implementation. However, organizations tend to adopt the practices gradually, covering different stages, and evolving according to the organization needs. This package contains supplementary material of the study performed to investigate the adoption of CSE practices in Brazilian organizations. It contains: <ul> <li>The questionnaire used to collect data (Google Forms format) – in Portuguese only (available at https://forms.gle/oWpiQ1VJ8oywj4sXA)</li> <li>The questionnaire used to collect data (pdf format)  </li> <li>A spreadsheet containing raw data, some tables and graphs</li> <li>Python Notebook files for showing exploratory analysis (using Spearman Coefficient) </li> </ul> Please cite: Paulo Sérgio dos Santos Júnior, Monalessa P. Barcellos, Fabiano B. Ruy, and Moisés S. Omêna. 2022. Flying over Brazilian Organizations with Zeppelin: A Preliminary Panoramic Picture of Continuous Software Engineering. In 36th Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering (SBES ’22), October 21–23, 2022, Uberlândia, Brazil.

Supplementary material of the study "Flying over Brazilian Organizations with Zeppelin: A Preliminary Panoramic Picture of Continuous Software Engineering"

Supplementary Material Context: Software organizations have faced several challenges, such as the need for faster deliveries, frequent changes in requirements, lower tolerance to failures and the need to adapt to contemporary business models. Agile practices have allowed organizations to shorten development cycles and increase customer collaboration. However, this has not been enough. Organizations should evolve to continuous and data-driven development in a continuous software engineering approach. Continuous Software Engineering (CSE) consists of a set of practices and tools that support a holistic view of software development with the purpose of making it faster, iterative, integrated, continuous and aligned with business. Implementing CSE requires changes in the organization’s culture, practices and structure, which may not be easy. Objective:  We aim to provide a preliminary picture of CSE adoption in Brazilian software organizations. Method: We adapted and used Zeppelin, a diagnostic instrument of CSE adoption based on the Stairway to Heaven Model (StH), to perform a survey with 28 Brazilian organizations aiming at investigating the adoption of CSE practices. Results: The results indicate that organizations have better addressed agile and continuous deployment practices than the ones related to continuous integration and continuous experimentation, but this scenario changes a bit depending on the organization type. The results also show that CSE adoption has been heterogeneous, but there are patterns in the adoption of some practices. Conclusion: Although the StH model proposes a sequential and evolutionary path for CSE adoption, organizations have not always followed that path systematically. There are indeed CSE practices that depend on others and thus contribute to sequential implementation. However, organizations tend to adopt the practices gradually, covering different stages, and evolving according to the organization needs. This package contains supplementary material of the study performed to investigate the adoption of CSE practices in Brazilian organizations. It contains: <ul> <li>The questionnaire used to collect data (Google Forms format) – in Portuguese only (available at https://forms.gle/oWpiQ1VJ8oywj4sXA)</li> <li>The questionnaire used to collect data (pdf format)  </li> <li>A spreadsheet containing raw data, some tables and graphs</li> <li>Python Notebook files for showing exploratory analysis (using Spearman Coefficient) </li> </ul> Please cite: Paulo Sérgio dos Santos Júnior, Monalessa P. Barcellos, Fabiano B. Ruy, and Moisés S. Omêna. 2022. Flying over Brazilian Organizations with Zeppelin: A Preliminary Panoramic Picture of Continuous Software Engineering. In 36th Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering (SBES ’22), October 21–23, 2022, Uberlândia, Brazil.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Supplementary Material - Uncovering the Effects of Quantum Computing on Software Engineering: A Systematic Mapping

This is the supplementary material regarding:  “On the Influence of Quantum Computing on Software Engineering: A Systematic Mapping”, the idea being to make it possible to reproduce the methodology applied in the Systematic Mapping (SM) used in the study. It consists of: <ul> <li>Spreadsheet with the data of the papers selected in each step of the filtering phase of the SM development</li> <li>Fluxogram detailing the Methodology of the SM step-by-step</li> </ul> <h3>Objectives</h3> The main objective of the SM was to provide a detailed analysis on how quantum computing has affected four software engineering topics: Software Testing and Quality; Software Reengineering/Modernization; Software Modeling and Software Processes and Development Platforms Based on the results of such Mapping, four research questions were defined realted to the quantum software engineering topic: <ul> <li> RQ1: How has QC impacted software testing and quality? This RQ aims to identify proposed methods for testing quantum software and topics related to quantum metrics and bugs. </li> <li> RQ2: How has QC influenced software reengineering and modernization practices? This study seeks to analyze the treatment of reverse engineering and refactorings within this context. </li> <li> RQ3: How is quantum software modeled? This research aims to investigate the impact of QC on modeling languages and the granularity level used. </li> <li> RQ4: How have development processes and platforms been shaped by QC? The goal is to assess the current maturity of processes and platforms for QC. </li> </ul> <h3>Preparation</h3> In this part we outline the resources, digital libraries, the search string and inclusion and exclusion criteria used in this SM on the influence of quantum computing on software engineering. The platform used to manage the articles and define the search string and inclusion and exclusion criteria was Parsifal. In this process articles were sourced from : ACM Digital; IEEE Digital Library; Science Direct and Scopus. A search string was employed in each digital library, adapted to the syntax of each of them, while encompassing the time frame from 01/2018 to 06/2023, with the Base Search String being: (“Software Model” OR “Software Engineering” OR “Software Development” OR “Software Lifecycle” OR “Software Development Methodologies” OR “Software Project Management” OR “Testing” OR “Design Pattern” OR “Reengineering” OR “Reverse Engineering” OR “Metrics” OR “Service-Oriented”) AND (“Quantum Software” OR “Quantum Programming” OR “Quantum Computing” OR “Quantum Software Development” OR “Quantum Subroutine” OR “Quantum Program”) Where the upper part includes terms related to software engineering and the lower part covers the quantum terms. Another important task was to define inclusion and exclusion criteria for filtering the studies, being them: Inclusion Criteria <ul> <li> The study is published in English. </li> <li> The content of the study is related to the topic being analyzed. </li> </ul> Exclusion Criteria <ul> <li> The study is not available </li> <li> The study is duplicated </li> <li> The study is not primary study (surveys, systematic reviews/mappings, talks, proceedings, etc) </li> <li> The content of the study is not related to the theme or it is too superficial. </li> <li> The content of the study was updated in a next more-complete version. When the authors published a new and more complete version of the same content, we remove the previous paper. </li> </ul> <h3>Conduction</h3> During the conduction of the papers filtering process there were four stages to which the set of papers were applied to until reaching the final set: <ul> <li> First stage: Removal of every paper that was duplicated, leaving only one instance of each paper. </li> <li> Second stage: Removal of papers that are not a primary study. </li> <li> Third stage: Removal of papers which keywords, title and abstract are not related to the topics of the Systematic Mapping; </li> <li> Fourth stage: Removal of papers whose content is not related to the topics of the Systematic Mapping. </li> </ul>