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674 results for “Notch”
Best-fitting Sea Level Curves generated from the Tidal Notch Generator model
<p>The following dataset contains the data produced by the TidalNotch Generator model found at: https://zenodo.org/badge/latestdoi/700386384 and is part of the publication entitled: <strong>Decoding the interplay between tidal notch geometry and sea-level variability during the Last Interglacial (Marine Isotopic Stage 5e) high stand.</strong></p> <p>Each folder name describes the Erosion Rate used for each simulation, the Linear Regression of each curve group, and the number of peaks: e.g. Filename: 05mm_Negative_3peak. </p> <p>Each of the subfolders contains the final clusters grouped based on the methodology followed, extensively described in the manuscript.</p> <p>Each txt file contains 15 columns, while the content of each one is described below:</p> <p>Column 1: Random Sea Level Curve (Years)</p> <p>Column 2: Random Sea Level Curve (Elevation)</p> <p>Column 3: Modeled Notch Geometry (Notch Depth)</p> <p>Column 4: Modeled Notch Geometry (Notch Elevation)</p> <p>Column 5: Measured Notch Geometry (Notch Depth)</p> <p>Column 6: Measured Notch Geometry (Notch Elevation)</p> <p>Column 7: Fitting score (e.g. 0.17 --> 1-0.17=0.83-->83%)</p> <p>Column 8: Polynomial Order used to Interpolate the Randomly generated Sea Level points</p> <p>Column 9: Erosion Rate used for the simulation</p> <p>Column 10: ID of measured notch profile</p> <p>Column 11: number of simulation </p> <p>Column 12: Inclination of the measured notch</p> <p>Column 13: Category of Inclination</p> <p>Column 14: second ID of measured notch profile</p> <p>Column 15: Linear Regression value</p>
IG. 6. — A, Trunk vertebra of Alsophis sp. 2 from Pointe du Helleux archaeological site (Square 2 – crab layer) located on Grande-Terre Island; B, trunk vertebra of Erythrolamprus juliae cf. copeae (Parker, 1936) from Sainte-Rose La Ramée archaeological site (US 2058) located on Basse-Terre Island. Abbreviations: cd., condyle; ct., cotyle; di., diapophysis; h. k., hemal keel; m. c., medial constriction; n. a., neural arch; n. s., neural spine; p. c., precondylar constriction; p. d., paracotylar depression; p. n., postero-medial notch of the zygantrum; pa., parapophysis; pz. f., prezygapophyseal facet; pz. p., prezygapophyseal process; s. d., subcentral depression; s. r., subcentral ridge; s. t., sub-cotylar tubercle; zs., zygosphene. Scale bars: 4 mm in Fossil dipsadid snakes from the Guadeloupe Islands (French West-Indies) and their interactions with past human populations
IG. 6. — A, Trunk vertebra of Alsophis sp. 2 from Pointe du Helleux archaeological site (Square 2 – crab layer) located on Grande-Terre Island; B, trunk vertebra of Erythrolamprus juliae cf. copeae (Parker, 1936) from Sainte-Rose La Ramée archaeological site (US 2058) located on Basse-Terre Island. Abbreviations: cd., condyle; ct., cotyle; di., diapophysis; h. k., hemal keel; m. c., medial constriction; n. a., neural arch; n. s., neural spine; p. c., precondylar constriction; p. d., paracotylar depression; p. n., postero-medial notch of the zygantrum; pa., parapophysis; pz. f., prezygapophyseal facet; pz. p., prezygapophyseal process; s. d., subcentral depression; s. r., subcentral ridge; s. t., sub-cotylar tubercle; zs., zygosphene. Scale bars: 4 mm
Dataset of comprehensive Full-notch creep tests (FNCT) of selected high-density polyethylene (PE-HD) materials
<p>The dataset provided in this repository comprises data obtained from a series of full-notch creep tests (FNCT) performed on selected high-density polyethylene (PE-HD) materials (for further details, see section 1 Materials in this document) in accordance with the corresponding standard ISO 16770 [1]. </p><p>The FNCT is one of the mechanical testing procedures used to characterize polymer materials with respect to their environmental stress cracking (ESC) behavior. It is widely applied for PE-HD materials, that are predominantly used for pipe and container applications. It is based on the determination of the time to failure for a test specimen under constant mechanical load in a well-defined and temperature controlled liquid environment. The test device used here also allows for continuous monitoring of applied force, specimen elongation and temperature.</p>
→ Fig. 9. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), Sosnogorsk locality, Sosnogorsk Formation, lowermost Famennian, anterior median dorsal (A–G) and posterior median dorsal (H–M) plates of the trunk armour. A. IG KSC 155/5 in dorsal (A1) and visceral (A2) views. B. IG KSC 155/108 in dorsal (B1) and visceral (B2) views. C. IG KSC 155/97 in dorsal view. D. IG KSC 155/113 in dorsal (D1) and visceral (D2) views. E. IG KSC 155/140 in dorsal (E1) and visceral (E2) views. F. Impression of the dorsal surface of IG KSC 155/42. G. IG KSC 155/44 in dorsal view. H. Fragment of IG KSC 155/7 in dorsal view. I. IG KSC 155/1 in dorsal (I1) and visceral (I2) views. J. IG KSC 155/71 in dorsal view. K. Slightly deformed IG KSC 155/70 in dorsal (K1) and visceral (K2) views. L. IG KSC 155/158 in dorsal view. M. IG KSC 155/157 in dorsal (M1) and visceral (M2) views. Abbreviations: ADL, anterior dorso-lateral plate; alr, postlevator thickening; AMD, anterior median dorsal plate; cf.ADL, cf.AMD, and cf.MxL, area overlapping ADL, AMD or MxL respectively; cr.tp, posterior transversal internal crest; dlg1 and dlg2, anterior and posterior oblique dorsal sensory line groove; dma, tergal angle; dmr, dorsal median ridge; f.retr, levator fossa; grm, ventral median groove; l, lateral corner; mvr, median ventral ridge; MxL, mixilateral plate; npn, postnuchal notch; oa.ADL, oa.MxL and oa.PMD, area overlapped by ADL, MxL or PMD respectively; pa, posterior corner; pma, posterior marginal area; PMD, posterior median dorsal plate; pr.p, posterior process of AMD; pr.pl, external postlevator process; prv2, posterior ventral process of dorsal wall of trunk armour; pt1 and pt2, anterior and posterior ventral pit; pua, posterior unornamented area of PMD; rf, "round fossula"; sna, supranuchal area; tb, ventral tuberosity. in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary
→ Fig. 9. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), Sosnogorsk locality, Sosnogorsk Formation, lowermost Famennian, anterior median dorsal (A–G) and posterior median dorsal (H–M) plates of the trunk armour. A. IG KSC 155/5 in dorsal (A1) and visceral (A2) views. B. IG KSC 155/108 in dorsal (B1) and visceral (B2) views. C. IG KSC 155/97 in dorsal view. D. IG KSC 155/113 in dorsal (D1) and visceral (D2) views. E. IG KSC 155/140 in dorsal (E1) and visceral (E2) views. F. Impression of the dorsal surface of IG KSC 155/42. G. IG KSC 155/44 in dorsal view. H. Fragment of IG KSC 155/7 in dorsal view. I. IG KSC 155/1 in dorsal (I1) and visceral (I2) views. J. IG KSC 155/71 in dorsal view. K. Slightly deformed IG KSC 155/70 in dorsal (K1) and visceral (K2) views. L. IG KSC 155/158 in dorsal view. M. IG KSC 155/157 in dorsal (M1) and visceral (M2) views. Abbreviations: ADL, anterior dorso-lateral plate; alr, postlevator thickening; AMD, anterior median dorsal plate; cf.ADL, cf.AMD, and cf.MxL, area overlapping ADL, AMD or MxL respectively; cr.tp, posterior transversal internal crest; dlg1 and dlg2, anterior and posterior oblique dorsal sensory line groove; dma, tergal angle; dmr, dorsal median ridge; f.retr, levator fossa; grm, ventral median groove; l, lateral corner; mvr, median ventral ridge; MxL, mixilateral plate; npn, postnuchal notch; oa.ADL, oa.MxL and oa.PMD, area overlapped by ADL, MxL or PMD respectively; pa, posterior corner; pma, posterior marginal area; PMD, posterior median dorsal plate; pr.p, posterior process of AMD; pr.pl, external postlevator process; prv2, posterior ventral process of dorsal wall of trunk armour; pt1 and pt2, anterior and posterior ventral pit; pua, posterior unornamented area of PMD; rf, "round fossula"; sna, supranuchal area; tb, ventral tuberosity.
Fig. 4 in Carnassiform notches improve the functional efficiency of bat molar shearing crests
Fig. 4. Furipterid bat Furipterus horrens (Cuvier, 1828) (USNM 549505) from Brazil, Recent. Right lower molars in occlusal view (stereopair), showing angular entocristids and carnassiform notches (arrows) with accessory troughs in the cristids obliqua and postcristids in m1–m3.
Fig. 13 in Carnassiform notches improve the functional efficiency of bat molar shearing crests
Fig. 13. Molars of Recent vespertilionid bats. A. Kerivoula argentata Tomes, 1861 (AMNH 89177) from Zambia. Left lower molars in anterolabial view A1) showing carnassiform notches (arrows) in the cristids obliqua of m1–m2, and in occlusal view (A2, stereopair) showing accessory troughs (arrows) in m1–m3. B, C. Phoniscus papuensis (Dobson, 1878b) (AMNH 157475) from Papua New Guinea. B. Right lower molars in anterolabial view showing deeply excavated cristids obliqua in m1-m3 but no within-crest carnassiform notches. C. Left lower molars in occlusal view (stereopair) showing well-developed accessory troughs (arrows) in m1–m2.
Fig. 12 in Carnassiform notches improve the functional efficiency of bat molar shearing crests
Fig. 12. Vespertilionid bat Murina suilla (Temminck, 1840) (AMNH 217012) from Malaysia, Recent. Left lower molars in anterolabial view (A1) showing deeply excavated cristids obliqua in m1–m2 but no within-crest notches; and in occlusal view (A2) showing accessory troughs (arrows) in m1–m2.
Fig. 8 in Carnassiform notches improve the functional efficiency of bat molar shearing crests
Fig. 8. Lower molars of Recent phyllostomid bats. A. Lophostoma silvicolum D'Orbigny, 1836, (USNM 335113) from Panama. Lower molars in anterolabial view (A1), showing deep carnassiform notches in the cristids obliqua of m1–m2 and a weaker notch in m3 (arrows); in posterolabial view (A2), showing deep carnassiform notches in the postcristids of m1–m2 (arrows); in occlusal view (A3, stereopair), showing notches and associated accessory troughs in the talonid basins (arrows). B. Phyllostomus elongatus (Geoffroy, 1810) (USNM 388796) from Venezuela. Lower molars in anterolabial view B1), showing absent to incipient cristid obliqua notches on m1–m2; posterolabial view (B2), showing weak carnassiform notches on the postcristids in m1–m2 (arrows); occlusal view (B3, stereopair), showing the deep accessory troughs adjacent to both the cristids obliqua and postcristids in the talonid basins of m1–m2 (arrows).
Fig. 3 in Carnassiform notches improve the functional efficiency of bat molar shearing crests
Fig. 3. Nycterid bat Nycteris aurita (Andersen, 1912) (AMNH 187310) from Kenya, Recent; showing deep carnassiform notches (arrows) in the cristids obliqua and adjacent accessory troughs in the talonid basins of m1– m3. A. Left m1–m3 in anterolabial (A1) and occlusal (A2) view. B. Right m1–m3 in occlusal view.
Fig. 2 in Carnassiform notches improve the functional efficiency of bat molar shearing crests
Fig. 2. Megadermatid bat Megaderma spasma (Linnaeus, 1758) (AMNH 216806) from Malaysia, Recent. Lower molars showing weak carnassiform notches in the cristids obliqua of m1 and m2 (indicated by arrows) in anterolabial view (A1), note that the entocristids are partly visible in the immediate background behind the cristid obliqua in m1 and m2; occlusal view (stereopair, A2), arrows indicate notches in the cristids obliqua that are developed to a lesser degree than those in the trigonid crests. Note entocristids with indistinct entoconids.
Fig. 1 in Carnassiform notches improve the functional efficiency of bat molar shearing crests
Fig. 1. Dental terminology of bat teeth used in this paper emphasizing the appearance of carnassiform notches in the lower molars. A. Lower molars in anterolabial (A1) and posterolabial (A2) views. B. Example bat (Glyphonycteris sylvestris Thomas, 1896); B1, left lower toothrow with strong carnassiform notches on the talonid crests of the molars, in occlusal view (note also deep carnassial notch in paracristids); B2, entire mandibular dentition (both right and left toothrows) as seen from the right side of the mandible. Not to scale.
Fig. 7 in Carnassiform notches improve the functional efficiency of bat molar shearing crests
Fig. 7. Phyllostomid bat Lonchorhina orinocoensis Linares and Ojasti, 1971 (USNM 373254) from Venezuela, Recent. Left lower molars showing deep carnassiform notches in the talonids and accessory troughs in the talonid basins of m1–m2; A1, anterolabial view showing cristid obliqua notches (arrows); A2, posterolabial view showing postcristid notches (arrows); A3 (stereopair), occlusal view showing the talonid notches and troughs (arrows).
Fig. 6 in Carnassiform notches improve the functional efficiency of bat molar shearing crests
Fig. 6. Lower molars of Recent phyllostomid bats in occlusal view, showing carnassiform notches in the talonid crests and accompanying accessory troughs in the m1–m2 (indicated by arrows). A. Lampronycteris brachyotis (Dobson, 1878a) (USNM 306546) from Panama. B. Micronycteris hirsuta (Peters, 1869) (AMNH 139441) from Costa Rica. C. Micronycteris megalotis (Gray, 1842) (OMNH 6194). All stereopairs.
Fig. 11. Miniopterid bat Miniopterus australis Tomes, 1858 in Carnassiform notches improve the functional efficiency of bat molar shearing crests
Fig. 11. Miniopterid bat Miniopterus australis Tomes, 1858 (USNM 590280) from Malaysia, Recent. Right lower molars in anterolabial view (A1) showing no carnassiform notches in the cristids obliqua; note that the entoconids are partly visible in the background immediately behind the cristid obliqua in each molar); and in occlusal view (A2, stereopair) showing well-developed accessory troughs (arrows) in m1–m3.
Fig. 10. Natalid bat Natalus tumidirostris Miller, 1900 in Carnassiform notches improve the functional efficiency of bat molar shearing crests
Fig. 10. Natalid bat Natalus tumidirostris Miller, 1900 (USNM 455974) from Venezuela, Recent. Left lower molars showing blocky or step-like carnassiform notches on m1–m3; anterolabial view (A1) showing the notches in the cristids obliqua (arrows); posterolabial view (A2) showing the notches in the postcristids (arrows); occlusal view (A3, stereopair) showing the carnassiform notches (arrows). Note how the rather angular accessory troughs accompanying the notches join within the talonid basins to form a V-shaped trench.
Fig. 9 in Carnassiform notches improve the functional efficiency of bat molar shearing crests
Fig. 9. Molars of Recent phyllostomid bats, showing carnassiform notches and accessory troughs in the talonid basins of m1 and m2. A. Glyphonycteris daviesi (Hill, 1964) (USNM 364266) from Peru. Right lower molars in anterolabial view (A1) showing the notches in the cristids obliqua (arrows; note that the entoconids are partly visible in the background immediately behind the cristid obliqua notch in each molar); posterolabial view (A2) showing the notches in the postcristids (arrows), and occlusal view (A3, stereopair) showing the talonid notches and adjacent troughs (arrows). Note also the carnassial notch and slit in the mesiodistally-oriented paracristid of the m1 trigonid. B. Trinycteris nicefori (Sanborn, 1949) (AMNH 184558) from Panama. Left lower molars in anterolabial view (B1) showing carnassiform notches in the cristids obliqua of m1–m2, entoconid in background partly obscures the notch in m1, and occlusal view (B2, stereopair) showing carnassiform notches and accessory troughs in m1–m2 (arrows).
Fig. 14. A in Carnassiform notches improve the functional efficiency of bat molar shearing crests
Fig. 14. A. Diagram of a bat M2 and m2 in posterolingual view showing the relationship of the shearing crests (postparacrista of M2 with cristid obliqua of m2) of tribosphenic bat molars during occlusion. Dotted line indicates portion of m2 hidden by M2; dashed line indicates metacone "removed" to reveal the paracone and postparacrista of M2; thin arrow indicates trajectory of hypoconid into the protofossa (not visible) of M2 during occlusion; boldest line on M2 is edge of postparacrista; boldest line on m2 is tip of hypoconid and cristid obliqua. B. Outline representations of the hypoconid and cristid obliqua observed in this study, without and with in-crest carnassiform notches. Types 1–4 without carnassiform notches: 1 and 2 are seen for example, in Hipposideridae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinopomatidae, Emballonuridae, Mormoopidae, Phyllostomidae, Molossidae, Vespertilionidae; 3 in Miniopteridae, Murininae; 4 in Phoniscus. Types 5–8 with carnassiform notches: 5 in Megadermatidae; 6 in Nycteridae; 7 in Natalidae; 8 in Mystacinidae, Furipteridae, Thyropteridae, Phyllostomidae, Kerivoulinae. C. Evans model showing effect of approach angles of two occluding blades on point cutting: With both blades at 0° and both at 10° no point cutting occurs; with one blade at 10° and one blade at 0°, one point cutting is enabled (Evans 2006: fig. 5.1c). Our application of Evans model to bat postparacrista and cristid obliqua as the upper and lower blades, respectively: with two curved blades without carnassiform notches, two point cutting occurs at opposite end of blades until center is reached and approach angles reach 0°; with emplacement of a carnassiform notch in lower blade at the point at which changing blade angles approach 0°, notch enables a second change in approach angles.
Fig. 5. Phyllostomid bat Macrotus waterhousii Gray, 1843 in Carnassiform notches improve the functional efficiency of bat molar shearing crests
Fig. 5. Phyllostomid bat Macrotus waterhousii Gray, 1843 (OMNH 10653) from Mexico, Recent. Lower molars showing carnassiform notches in the cristid obliqua (arrows) and postcristid and accompanying accessory troughs in the talonid basins of m1–m2, in anterolabial view (A1) and occlusal (A2, stereopair) views, notches indicated by arrows. Chrotopterus auritus show carnassiform notches similar to those on the trigonid crests of many insectivorous bats. However, these specialized carnivorous bats lack notches in the talonid crests. CN and accessory troughs are moderately developed in Macrotinae (Macrotus; Fig. 5) and most strongly expressed in Micronycterinae (Micronycteris and Lampronycteris; Fig. 6), Lonchorhininae (Lonchorhina; Fig. 7), Phyllostomini (Gardnerycteris, Lophostoma, Phylloderma, Phyllostomus, and Tonatia; Fig. 8), and Glyphonycterinae (Glyphonycteris, Neonycteris, and Trinycteris; Fig. 9). Regarding the micronycterines, Micronycteris has been shown to exhibit a high degree of dietary flexibility; Santana et al. (2011a) showed that Micronycteris microtis, a small (5–7 g) species, ate a wide variety of insects, spiders, and a tiny lizard making them the smallest bat known to exhibit rare carnivory. Much of the species' feeding behavior involved chewing motions involving the premolars and molars. Based on molecular evidence, Glyphonycterinae was recently recognized as a distinct subfamily of Phyllostomidae within a radiation of omnivorous and frugivorous bats (the Nullicauda, including Carolliinae, Glyphonycterinae, Rhinophyllinae, and Stenodermatinae; Cirranello et al. 2016), and contains the genera Glyphonycteris, Neonycteris, and
Lac Croche V-notch weir water flow data collected at the Station de biologie des Laurentides (SBL) de l'Université de Montréal, St-Hippolyte QC
<p>These datasets comprise hourly and daily water flow data collected at the Lac Croche v-notch weir at the Station de biologie des Laurentides (SBL) between 2014/04/01 and 2019/05/01.</p>
Notch Effect in Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate (ASA): Tensile and Fracture Tests - FRADDCO project
<p>This dataset contains tensile and fracture tests of specimens made of acrylonitrile–styrene–acrylate (ASA) material, manufactured by fused filament fabrication (FFF). The files include 9 tensile specimens and 72 single-edge-notch bending (SENB) specimens containing U-notches with different nominal notch radii (from 0 mm -crack-like defects- up to 2.0 mm) and fabricated with three different raster orientations: 0/90, 30/−60 and 45/−45.</p>
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