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71 results for “Nuclear loci”
A two-tier bioinformatic pipeline to develop probes for target capture of nuclear loci with applications in Melastomataceae
<p><b><i>Premise of the study</i></b><b>: </b>Putatively single-copy nuclear (SCN) loci, identified using genomic resources of closely related species, are ideal for phylogenomic inference. However, suitable genomic resources are not available for many clades, including Melastomataceae. We introduce a versatile approach to identify SCN loci for clades with few genomic resources and use it to develop probes for target enrichment<i> </i>in the distantly related <i>Memecylon</i> and <i>Tibouchina</i> (Melastomataceae).</p> <p><b><i>Methods</i></b>: We present a two-tiered pipeline. First, we identified putatively SCN loci using MarkerMiner and transcriptomes from distantly related species in Melastomataceae. Published loci and genes of functional significance were added (384 total loci). Second, using HybPiper, we retrieved 689 homologous template sequences for these loci using genome-skimming data from within the focal clades.</p> <p><b><i>Results</i></b>: We sequenced 193 loci from both <i>Memecylon</i> and <i>Tibouchina</i>, with probes designed from 56 template sequences successfully targeting sequences in both clades. Probes designed from genome-skimming data within a focal clade were more successful than probes designed from other sources.</p> <p><b><i>Discussion: </i></b>Our pipeline successfully identified and targeted SCN loci in <i>Memecylon </i>and <i>Tibouchina</i>, enabling phylogenomic studies in both clades and potentially across Melastomataceae. This pipeline could be easily applied to other clades with few genomic resources. </p>
FIGURE 2 in A new Tropidurus (Tropiduridae) from the semiarid Brazilian Caatinga: evidence for conflicting signal between mitochondrial and nuclear loci affecting the phylogenetic reconstruction of South American collared lizards
FIGURE 2. Syntopic species of Tropidurus found at the Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Fazenda Pé da Serra, Serra do Arame, Ibotirama, Bahia, Brazil, and their respective habitats: (A, B) T. sertanejo, n. sp. (MZUSP 104274, allotype); (C, D) T. hispidus (MZUSP 104276); (E, F) T. pinima (MZUSP 104271).
FIGURE 6 in A new Tropidurus (Tropiduridae) from the semiarid Brazilian Caatinga: evidence for conflicting signal between mitochondrial and nuclear loci affecting the phylogenetic reconstruction of South American collared lizards
FIGURE 6. Allotype of Tropidurus sertanejo, n. sp. (MZUSP 104274): (A) head in dorsal view; (B) head in ventral view; (C) head in lateral view; (D) dorsal body illustrating the spotted pattern typical of the new species; (E) ventral body showing the unpigmented underside of the thighs and cloacal flap characteristic of females.
FIGURE 5 in A new Tropidurus (Tropiduridae) from the semiarid Brazilian Caatinga: evidence for conflicting signal between mitochondrial and nuclear loci affecting the phylogenetic reconstruction of South American collared lizards
FIGURE 5. Holotype of Tropidurus sertanejo, n. sp. (MZUSP 104273): (A) head in dorsal view; (B) head in ventral view showing intense pigmentation toward gular region; (C) head in lateral view; (D) dorsal body; (E) ventral body showing the typical dark flash marks on the underside of the thighs and cloacal flap of adult males.
FIGURE 15 in A new Tropidurus (Tropiduridae) from the semiarid Brazilian Caatinga: evidence for conflicting signal between mitochondrial and nuclear loci affecting the phylogenetic reconstruction of South American collared lizards
FIGURE 15. Maximum parsimony (upper) and maximum likelihood trees (lower) of Tropidurus on four mitochondrial (12S, 16S, CO1, Cyt b) and six nuclear loci (BACH1, kif24, NTF3, PRLR, PTPN, SNCAIP). Numbers associated to nodes refer to bootstrap values.
FIGURE 1. Taxonomic curve showing a in A new Tropidurus (Tropiduridae) from the semiarid Brazilian Caatinga: evidence for conflicting signal between mitochondrial and nuclear loci affecting the phylogenetic reconstruction of South American collared lizards
FIGURE 1. Taxonomic curve showing a steep, nonasymptotic increment in the number of species of the lizard genus Tropidurus described since 1820. Specimen of T. sertanejo, n. sp., MZUSP 104274 (allotype).
FIGURE 14 in A new Tropidurus (Tropiduridae) from the semiarid Brazilian Caatinga: evidence for conflicting signal between mitochondrial and nuclear loci affecting the phylogenetic reconstruction of South American collared lizards
FIGURE 14. Maximum parsimony (upper) and maximum likelihood trees (lower) of Tropidurus based on four nuclear (BACH1, kif24, NTF3, PRLR, PTPN, SNCAIP) loci. Numbers associated to nodes refer to bootstrap values.
FIGURE 13 in A new Tropidurus (Tropiduridae) from the semiarid Brazilian Caatinga: evidence for conflicting signal between mitochondrial and nuclear loci affecting the phylogenetic reconstruction of South American collared lizards
FIGURE 13. Maximum parsimony (upper) and maximum likelihood trees (lower) of Tropidurus based on four mitochondrial (12S, 16S, CO1, Cyt b) loci. Numbers associated to nodes refer to bootstrap values.
FIGURE 11 in A new Tropidurus (Tropiduridae) from the semiarid Brazilian Caatinga: evidence for conflicting signal between mitochondrial and nuclear loci affecting the phylogenetic reconstruction of South American collared lizards
FIGURE 11. Boxplot showing variation in scale counts among Tropidurus species (ordinated by mean): (Tcat) T. catalanensis, (Tchr) T. chromatops, (Tcoc) T. cocorobensis, (Tery) T. erythrocephalus, (Teth) T. etheridgei, (This) T. hispidus, (Thyg) T. hygomi, (Timb) T. imbituba, (Tins) T. insulanus, (Tita) T. itambere, (Tmon) T. montanus, (Tmuc) T. mucujensis, (Tore) T. oreadicus, (Tpsa) T. psammonastes, (Tser) T. sertanejo, n. sp. (highlighted in dark gray.), (Ttor) T. torquatus.
FIGURE 4 in A new Tropidurus (Tropiduridae) from the semiarid Brazilian Caatinga: evidence for conflicting signal between mitochondrial and nuclear loci affecting the phylogenetic reconstruction of South American collared lizards
FIGURE 4. Measurements used for morphometric analyses of Tropidurus. Abbreviations: AL, arm length; EOS, ear opening–snout distance; FAL, forearm length; FOL, foot length; HDL, hand length; HH, head height; HW, head width; SL, shank length; SVL, snout-vent length; THL, thigh length; TL, tail length.
FIGURE 3 in A new Tropidurus (Tropiduridae) from the semiarid Brazilian Caatinga: evidence for conflicting signal between mitochondrial and nuclear loci affecting the phylogenetic reconstruction of South American collared lizards
FIGURE 3. Map on left shows the distribution of the Brazilian biomes and highlights the State of Bahia, predominantly covered by the semiarid Caatinga. Map on right (altimetric profile) shows the distribution of Tropidurus sertanejo, n. sp.: northernmost dot indicates the type locality (RPPN Fazenda Pé da Serra, Serra do Arame, Ibotirama, Bahia: 12° 08′ 45.21 S, 43° 03′ 20.83 W) and southernmost dot indicates the only known additional locality of occurrence of the new species (Caetité, Bahia: 14° 04′ 17.82 S, 42° 29′ 48.33″ W).
FIGURE 12 in A new Tropidurus (Tropiduridae) from the semiarid Brazilian Caatinga: evidence for conflicting signal between mitochondrial and nuclear loci affecting the phylogenetic reconstruction of South American collared lizards
FIGURE 12. Scatterplot of LD1 and LD2 generated by the discriminant analysis performed on the scale counts of Tropidurus. See table 8 for corresponding summary statistics. Tropidurus sertanejo, n. sp., highlighted in dark gray.
FIGURE 10 in A new Tropidurus (Tropiduridae) from the semiarid Brazilian Caatinga: evidence for conflicting signal between mitochondrial and nuclear loci affecting the phylogenetic reconstruction of South American collared lizards
FIGURE 10. Scatterplot of PC1 and PC2 generated by the principal component analyses and LD1 and LD2 generated by the size-free discriminant analyses performed on the log-transformed morphometric variables of Tropidurus. Tropidurus sertanejo, n. sp., highlighted in dark gray. See table 5 for corresponding summary statistics.
FIGURE 3 in Hundreds of nuclear and plastid loci yield novel insights into orchid relationships.
FIGURE 3. Summary of nuclear–plastid phylogenomic incongruence based on PACo analysis across different taxonomic levels between clades of Epidendroideae based on nuclear and plastid ML trees. Conflicting positions between orchid (A) genera, (B) subtribes, and (C) tribes. Association of terminals found to be incongruent and placed with robust support in nuclear and plastid trees are highlighted in bold and red. Pie diagrams at nodes represent quartet support values. Likelihood bootstrap support (LBS) percentages at nodes are 100 unless shown otherwise (LBS <85 are highlighted in red). Photos: Representatives of three strongly conflicting groups in the orchid family (Epidendreae: Pleurothallis perryi.; Catasetinae: Cycnoches guttulatum with its potential orchid bee pollinator (Euglossa aff. cybelia); Angraecinae: Angraecum rutenbergianum). Photo credits: O. A. Pérez-Escobar.
FIGURE 1 in Hundreds of nuclear and plastid loci yield novel insights into orchid relationships.
FIGURE 1. Split network of Orchidaceae computed from uncorrected p-distances and a supermatrix of 292 low-copy nuclear genes and 75 species. Splits are color-coded by orchid subfamily (see legend). Box on left: Taxonomic representativeness of orchid genera, tribes and subtribes sampled by nuclear gene datasets in this study. (Inset): Iconic representatives of different tribes in the orchid family (Vanilloideae: Vanilla inodora, Cleistes rosea; Cypripedioideae: Paphiopediluminsigne; Orchidoideae-Cranichideae:Ludisia discolor, Disa uniflora; Orchidoideae-Orchideae:Disa uniflora; Malaxidae: Dendrobium nobile; Epidendreae: Pleurothallis perryi and Scaphosepalum verrucosum; Cymbidieae: Zygopetalum crinitum and Maxillaria pereziana; Vandeae: Angraecum rutenbergianum). Photo credits: O. A. Pérez-Escobar and Sebastian Vieira.
Supplementary materials to: Nano-Strainer: a workflow for identification of single-copy nuclear loci for plant systematic studies, using target capture kits and Oxford Nanopore long reads
<p>In the paper associated with this dataset, a workflow is presented which enables the identification of single-/low-copy nuclear molecular markers for a plant group of interest, by mining data from a small representative target capture experiment done using a commercial probe kit and Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing. The proposed pipeline first assesses sequence variability contained in the data from targeted loci and assigns reads to their respective genes, via a combined BLAST/clustering procedure. Cluster consensus sequences are then examined based on four pre-defined criteria presumably indicative for absence of paralogy. This is done by calculating four specialized indices; loci are ranked according to their performance in these indices, and top-scoring loci are considered putatively single- or low-copy. The approach can be applied to any probe set. As it relies on long reads, the contribution also provides template workflows for processing Nanopore-based target capture data. Identified loci can be used for NGS amplicon sequencing. For detection of possibly remaining paralogy in these data, which might occur in groups with rampant paralogy, the long-read assembly tool CANU is employed. The presented workflow can be useful for researchers dealing with reticulate or polyploidization phylogenetic histories in plants.</p> <p>The present dataset contains several documents supplementing the original paper. Its most important elements are a detailed description (alongside two graphical workflow figures) of all methods employed in the study, suitable for reproducing the steps of the workflow and also the wet-lab work. The workflow employs a collection of BASH, Python and R scripts which is available here, together with a detailed account on command line use in Linux. Also, reference sequences for the identified markers can be found as well as sequence alignments derived from the amplicon sequencing.</p>
Supplementary materials to: Nano-Strainer: a workflow for identification of single-copy nuclear loci for plant systematic studies, using target capture kits and Oxford Nanopore long reads
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A two-tier bioinformatic pipeline to develop probes for target capture of nuclear loci with applications in Melastomataceae
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Genotype data of 1970 Pedunculate oak trees (Quercus robur L.) in 13 European countries at 381 gene loci covering the nuclear and organelle genome
<p>The data set is the result of genetic inventory on 1970 Pedunculate oak trees from 197 locations in Europe. The samples are from the countries: Belarus, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Russia and Ukraine. At each location ten individual trees were collected. The data set includes the location ID and geographic coordinates of each sampled tree (longitude and latitude in decimal degrees) and the genotype data. All samples were screened with a targeted sequencing approach on a set of 381 polymorphic loci (356 nuclear SNPs, 3 nuclear InDels, 17 chloroplast SNPs and five mitochondrial SNPs).</p> <p>The genotype of each individual is one row in the csv-file "genotypes". The genotypes at the nuclear markers are diploid and represented by two columns per gene marker. The genetic information at the organelle genome is haploid. For each of these gene markers one column is used. Genotypes are coded by Arabic numbers. The meaning of the numbers is explained in the table "coding genotypes" in a second csv-file.</p>
Genotype data of 970 Pedunculate oak trees (Quercus robur L.) in Russia and neighbouring countries at 385 gene loci covering the nuclear and organelle genome
<p>The data set is the result of genetic inventory on 970 Pedunculate oak trees from 97 locations in Russia, Belarus, Ukraine and Latvia representing the eastern part of the natural species range. The data set includes the sample IDs, geographic coordinates of each sampled tree (longitude and latitude in decimal degrees) and the genotype data. All samples were screened with a set of 385 gene markers covering the nuclear (n=364) and the organelle genomes (chloroplast: n=14, mitochondria: n=7) by use of a genotyping by sequencing approach. With exception of three INDELs (Insert and Deletion mutations) all gene markers are SNPs (Single nucleotide Polymorphism).</p>
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