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449 results for “Preventive care”
Modeling robust COVID-19 intensive care unit occupancy thresholds for imposing mitigation to prevent exceeding capacities
<p>Simulation output files for 'Modeling robust COVID-19 intensive care unit occupancy thresholds for imposing mitigation to prevent exceeding capacities'.</p> <p>Simulating COVID-19 transmission and hospital burden to assess at which intensive care unit (ICU) occupancies mitigation, that reduces transmission, needs to be triggered to avoid exceeding ICU capacity limits, using the city of Chicago, Illinois as an example.</p> <p>Manuscript is under review for scientific publication, (see <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.27.21259530v1">preprint on medRxiv</a>) and scripts are available from the GitHub repository at https://github.com/numalariamodeling/ICUtrigger_covid_chicago_paper_2021. </p> <p>Simulation output files uploaded per scenario including projected COVIID-19 transmission and burden trajectories for Chicago city for March 2020 to May 2021 per day.</p> <p>Simulation scenarios:</p> <p><reopening % above ICU capacity>_<delay after reaching ICU threshold>_<%mitigation>_<common simulation name> i.e. `50perc_1daysdelay_pr6_triggeredrollback_reopen`</p> <ul> <li>`emodl` file <ul> <li>required file for COVID-19 transmission model in the <a href="https://docs.idmod.org/projects/cms/en/latest/index.html">Compartmental Modeling Software</a> (see <a href="https://github.com/numalariamodeling/ICUtrigger_covid_chicago_paper_2021">GitHub repository</a> for details)</li> </ul> </li> <li>sampled_parameters.csv <ul> <li>simulation input and scenario parameters, (nrow=4400, 400 unique parameter combinations * 11 scenario values)</li> </ul> </li> <li>rt_trajectoriescovidregion_11.csv <ul> <li>estimated reproductive numbers per trajectory for complete timeline per day</li> </ul> </li> <li>trajectoriesDat_region_11_traces.csv <ul> <li>filtered to include top 100 trajectories fitted to ICU data</li> </ul> </li> <li>trajectoriesDat_region_trimfut.csv <ul> <li>truncated to only include projections after September 1st 2020</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>The folder `mainfigures_csvs.zip` includes processed simulation output data for the publication figures.</p>
Skin care interventions for preventing eczema and food allergy: RoB 2 assessments
<p>This excel file contains the detailed risk of bias assessment data, with consensus responses to the signalling questions, using the Cochrane Risk of bias 2 tool for Kelleher MM, Cro S, Cornelius V, Axon E, Lodrup Carlsen KC, Skjerven HOve, Rehbinder EMaria, Lowe A, Dissanayake E, Shimojo N, Yonezawa K, Ohya Y, Yamamoto-Hanada K, Morita K, Surber C, Cork M, Cooke A, Tran L, Askie LM, Duley L, Van Vogt E, Chalmers JR, Williams HC, Boyle RJ. Skincare interventions in infants for preventing eczema and food allergy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2020, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD013534. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD013534.</p>
Point-of-care Pharmacogenomic Testing to Optimize Isoniazid Dosing for Tuberculosis Prevention
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05413551. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Augmented Care at Worksite for Diabetes Prevention
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03382873. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Data from: Implementation of Option B and a fixed-dose combination antiretroviral regimen for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in South Africa: a model of uptake and adherence to care
<p><b>Introduction</b></p> <p>Initiating and retaining pregnant women on antiretroviral therapy (ART) to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) remains a major challenge facing African HIV programs, particularly during the critical final months prior to delivery. In 2013, South Africa implemented its "Option B" PMTCT regimen (three-drug ART throughout pregnancy and breastfeeding, regardless of maternal CD4 count) and introduced once-daily fixed-dose combinations and lifelong ART. Currently, the uptake of Option B and its possible impact on adherence to PMTCT during the critical final months of pregnancy is unclear.</p> <p><b>Materials and Methods </b></p> <p>We prospectively collected visit data from a cohort of adult, HIV-infected, pregnant women between July 2013-August 2014 to estimate three models of adherence to PMTCT during the final 16 weeks immediately preceding delivery. Adherence was defined according to possession of antiretroviral drugs, which was inferred from clinic visit records under varying assumptions in each model. We describe uptake of the PMTCT regimen, gestational age at initiation, and model possible scenarios of adherence through delivery after the implementation of Option B.</p> <p><b>Results</b></p> <p>Among 138 women enrolled (median (IQR) age 28 years (24-32), median CD4 count 378 cells/mm3), median (IQR) gestational age at initiation was 22 weeks (16-26). Estimates of adherence during the final 16 weeks of pregnancy prior to delivery ranged from 75% (52-89%) under the best case scenario assumptions to 52% (30-75%) under the worst case scenario assumptions. Estimates of the proportion of women who would achieve 80% adherence to PMTCT were <50% across all models.</p> <p><b>Conclusions</b></p> <p>Despite the switch to Option B and once-daily dosing, South African women continue to initiate PMTCT late in pregnancy, and estimations of regimen adherence, as modelled using PMTCT visit attendance data, is poor, with <50% of women reaching 80% adherence during final months of pregnancy across all models. Further guideline changes and interventions are needed to achieve vertical transmission goals.</p> <p><b>Trial Registration</b></p> <p>This study was nested within the original RapIT randomized controlled trial which was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (Registration number) NCT01710397 on September 7, 2012 and the South African National Clinical Trials Register DOH-27-0213-4177. The first participant in the RapIT study was enrolled on May 8th, 2013.</p>
Assessing the Nature and Quality of Emergency Obstetric Care for Preventing Maternal and Perinatal Mortality in 8 Secondary and Tertiary Hospitals in Nigeria: Results of a Formative Research Study
<p>Nigeria suffers some of the highest rates of maternal and perinatal mortality in the world. Poor quality of obstetric care is a key factor, and although not quantified at a national level, local studies suggest that high rates of maternal and perinatal deaths are due to clinical management errors in hospitals. This project therefore explored the nature of existing practices and quality of clinical management of three leading causes of maternal and perinatal deaths (primary postpartum haemorrhage, eclampsia, and obstructed labour); implement an intervention package aimed at improving the quality of clinical management of these causes of deaths; and test the effectiveness of this package on quality of care indicators and maternal and perinatal outcomes. </p> <p>The study follows a quasi-experimental research design, using interrupted time series analysis for assessment over a three year period. Six public secondary care hospitals and two public tertiary care hospitals in both north and south of Nigeria were selected randomly. Formative research was conducted in all eight hospitals, and thereafter the intervention will be carried out in four hospitals, with the remaining four hospitals functioning as control sites. </p> <p>Clinical outcomes will be compared between intervention and control sites in a total of 2334 cases of PPH, preeclampsia/eclampsia and obstructed labour (based on an anticipated 50% reduction in case fatality rates, significance level of 0.05 and 80% power). This will consist of 1167 cases in the intervention sites and 1167 in the control sites. Maternal and perinatal mortality rates will serve as primary outcome measures. Secondary outcomes involve quality of care drawn from United Nations process indicators, skilled attendance index and data derived from this formative audit phase of the project.</p> <p>The results will enable the identification of a system-wide quality of care framework for improving the delivery of emergency obstetric care for the prevention of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in Nigeria.</p>
Assessing the Nature and Quality of Emergency Obstetric Care for Preventing Maternal and Perinatal Mortality in 8 Secondary and Tertiary Hospitals in Nigeria: Results of a Formative Research Study
<p>Nigeria suffers some of the highest rates of maternal and perinatal mortality in the world. Poor quality of obstetric care is a key factor, and although not quantified at a national level, local studies suggest that high rates of maternal and perinatal deaths are due to clinical management errors in hospitals. This project therefore explored the nature of existing practices and quality of clinical management of three leading causes of maternal and perinatal deaths (primary postpartum haemorrhage, eclampsia, and obstructed labour); implement an intervention package aimed at improving the quality of clinical management of these causes of deaths; and test the effectiveness of this package on quality of care indicators and maternal and perinatal outcomes. </p> <p>The study follows a quasi-experimental research design, using interrupted time series analysis for assessment over a three year period. Six public secondary care hospitals and two public tertiary care hospitals in both north and south of Nigeria were selected randomly. Formative research was conducted in all eight hospitals, and thereafter the intervention will be carried out in four hospitals, with the remaining four hospitals functioning as control sites.</p> <p>Clinical outcomes will be compared between intervention and control sites in a total of 2334 cases of PPH, preeclampsia/eclampsia and obstructed labour (based on an anticipated 50% reduction in case fatality rates, significance level of 0.05 and 80% power). This will consist of 1167 cases in the intervention sites and 1167 in the control sites. Maternal and perinatal mortality rates will serve as primary outcome measures. Secondary outcomes involve quality of care drawn from United Nations process indicators, skilled attendance index and data derived from this formative audit phase of the project.</p> <p>The results will enable the identification of a system-wide quality of care framework for improving the delivery of emergency obstetric care for the prevention of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in Nigeria</p>
Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) uptake and Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) uptake among adults receiving primary HIV care in South Africa .
<p>We aimed to evaluate Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) and tuberculin skin testing (TST) uptake under primary care clinic conditions, and determine health care worker (HCW) fidelity to the 2014 South African IPT guidelines. Following training on IPT guidelines and tuberculin skin testing (TST), 3 primary care clinics identified their IPT implementation strategy in a participatory manner. Using routine register data, TST uptake was determined 3 months before and 5 months after the intervention. Records were reviewed to identify IPT/TST uptake and factors associated with IPT initiation among adults living with HIV.</p>
Accompanying data set for the manuscript "REverSe TRanscrIptase Chain Termination (RESTRICT) for Selective Measurement of Nucleotide Analogs Used in HIV Care and Prevention"
<p>This data set contains all experimental and theoretical data included in the manuscript " REverSe TRanscrIptase Chain Termination (RESTRICT) for Selective Measurement of Nucleotide Analogs Used in HIV Care and Prevention", namely:</p> <p>RESTRICT_model: MATLAB script for completing calculations in the RESTRICT theoretical model.</p> <p>Figure 2:</p> <ul> <li>Raw data from theoretical model showing contributions of individual model components, Kaff = 0.3</li> <li>Normalized data from theoretical model showing contributions of individual model components, Kaff = 0.3</li> <li>Experimental NRTI Drug Screen 180 nt TTCA 500 nM dNTP</li> </ul> <p>Figure 3:</p> <ul> <li>Experiment-dNTP-Concentration-Screen</li> <li>Theory-dNTP-Concentration-Screen</li> <li>Experiment-Template-Length-Screen</li> <li>Theory-Template-Length-Screen</li> <li>Experiment-Sequence-Screen</li> <li>Theory-Sequence-Screen</li> </ul> <p>Figure 4:</p> <ul> <li>Experimental-NRTI-Drug-Screen-90nt-TCAA-only</li> <li>Theory-TCAA90-Kaff=0point2</li> <li>Experimental-NRTI-Drug-Screen-GGCA-only</li> <li>Theory-GGCA180-Kaff=0point2</li> </ul> <p>Figure 5:</p> <ul> <li>GGCA-vs-TTCA-Specificity-Analysis</li> </ul>
Come As You Are - Assessing the Efficacy of a Nurse Case Management HIV Prevention and Care Intervention Among Homeless Youth
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03910218. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Assess and Adapt to the Impact of COVID-19 on CVD Self-Management and Prevention Care in Adults Living With HIV
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04661813. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Prevention and Acute Treatment of Chronic Cluster Headache Compared to Standard of Care
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01701245. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 4. Publications: 1.
Standard of Care +/- Midostaurin to Prevent Relapse Post Stem Cell Transplant in Patients With FLT3-ITD Mutated AML
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01883362. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 2. Publications: 1.
A Pilot Study to Improve Preventive Asthma Care for Urban Adolescents
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01106326. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
(CARE Network Trial - Treating Children to Prevent Exacerbations of Asthma (TREXA)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00394329. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Randomized Trial of Stepped Care for Suicide Prevention in Teens and Young Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03092271. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Suicide Prevention in Rural Veterans During High-risk Care Transition Scenarios
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04054947. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Preventive Care of Chronic Cervical Pain and Disabilities
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00566930. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Kangaroo Mother Care to Prevent Hypothermia in Term Infants
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02189759. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
CAREGİVER TRAİNİNG AND PRESSURE ULCER PREVENTİON İN HOME CARE
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07313046. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
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