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4,017 results for “Reduction”
Projected Snow Cover Reductions and Mid-latitude Cyclone Responses in the North American Great Plains, 1986 - 2005
Extratropical cyclones are responsible for major weather events and trends in the mid-latitudes and preferentially develop in regions of enhanced cyclogenesis and proceed along climatological storm tracks. It has been shown that terrestrial snow cover exerts considerable influence on atmospheric baroclinicity which is largely responsible for the aforementioned cyclogeneses and storm tracks. Research about the effect which terrestrial snow cover exerts on cyclones' intensities, trajectories, and precipitation characteristics is limited but indicates a robust relationship with these factors. Many examinations of climate model projections have generally shown a poleward shift in storm tracks by the late 21st century though none have determined the degree to which the coincident poleward shift in snow extent is responsible. A method of imposing 10th, 50th, and 90th percentile values of snow retreat between the late 20th and 21st centuries as projected by 14 models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase Five (CMIP5) is used to alter 20 historical cold season cyclones which tracked over or adjacent to the North American Great Plains. Simulations by the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecast Model (WRF-ARW) are initialized at 0 to 4 days prior to cyclogenesis. Including control and sensitivity testing wherein snow is unaltered or removed entirely, each cyclone case is simulated 25 times for a total of 500 simulations.
Secchi depth data and discrete depth profiles of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, specific conductance, photosynthetic active radiation, oxidation-reduction potential, and pH for Beaverdam Reservoir, Carvins Cove Reservoir, Falling Creek Reservoir, Gatewood Reservoir, and Spring Hollow Reservoir in southwestern Virginia, USA 2013-2025
Discrete depth profiles of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential, conductivity, specific conductance, and pH were collected with multiple handheld water quality probes and discrete depth profiles of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) were collected with a LI-COR underwater light meter from 2013 to 2025 in five drinking water reservoirs in southwestern Virginia, USA. These reservoirs are: Beaverdam Reservoir (Vinton, Virginia), Carvins Cove Reservoir (Roanoke, Virginia), Falling Creek Reservoir (Vinton, Virginia), Gatewood Reservoir (Pulaski, Virginia), and Spring Hollow Reservoir (Salem, Virginia). Beaverdam, Carvins Cove, Falling Creek, and Spring Hollow Reservoirs are owned and operated by the Western Virginia Water Authority as primary or secondary drinking water sources for Roanoke, Virginia, and Gatewood Reservoir is a drinking water source for the Town of Pulaski, Virginia. All discrete depth profiles were collected on approximately 1-meter intervals. The data package consists of two datasets: 1) Secchi depth data; and 2) discrete depth profiles of multiple water quality variables measured by handheld sensors. The Secchi data and discrete depth profiles were measured at the deepest site of each reservoir adjacent to the dam, as well as other in-reservoir sites. Handheld sensor measurements were also collected at a gauged weir on the primary inflow tributary, other inflows, and outflows at Falling Creek Reservoir; inflows and outflows at Beaverdam Reservoir; and inflows at Carvins Cove Reservoir. In 2021, YSI handheld data were also collected from a littoral site in Beaverdam Reservoir. In 2025, YSI handheld data were collected monthly from June to October from nine littoral sites around the perimeter of Falling Creek Reservoir. From 2024 - 2025, additional within-reservoir depth profiles were collected in Carvins Cove Reservoir and multiple sites. Data were collected approximately fortnightly in the spring months (March - Ma
Time series of high-frequency profiles of depth, temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, specific conductance, chlorophyll a, turbidity, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, photosynthetically active radiation, colored dissolved organic matter, phycocyanin, phycoerythrin, and descent rate for Beaverdam Reservoir, Carvins Cove Reservoir, Falling Creek Reservoir, Gatewood Reservoir, and Spring Hollow Reservoir in southwestern Virginia, USA 2013-2025
Depth profiles of water biogeochemical properties were collected with SeaBird Electronics (SBE) Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth (CTD) profilers from 2013-2025 at five drinking water reservoirs in southwestern Virginia, USA. The study reservoirs are: Beaverdam Reservoir (Vinton, Virginia), Carvins Cove Reservoir (Roanoke, Virginia), Falling Creek Reservoir (Vinton, Virginia), Gatewood Reservoir (Pulaski, Virginia), and Spring Hollow Reservoir (Salem, Virginia). Beaverdam, Carvins Cove, Falling Creek, and Spring Hollow Reservoirs are owned and operated by the Western Virginia Water Authority as primary or secondary drinking water sources for Roanoke, Virginia, and Gatewood Reservoir is a drinking water source for the town of Pulaski, Virginia. The dataset consists of CTD depth profiles measured at the deepest site of each reservoir adjacent to the dam as well as other upstream reservoir sites. The profiles were collected approximately fortnightly in the spring months, weekly in the summer and early autumn, and monthly in the late autumn and winter. Beaverdam Reservoir, Carvins Cove Reservoir, and Falling Creek Reservoir were sampled every year in the dataset (2013-2025); Spring Hollow Reservoir was only sampled 2013-2017 and 2019; and Gatewood Reservoir was only sampled in 2016. Data availability differs across years due to additional sensors that have been added or replaced over time. From 2013-2016, profiles were taken with a CTD equipped with an SBE 43 Dissolved Oxygen sensor and an ECO FLNTU sensor for turbidity and chlorophyll. From 2017-2025, profiles were taken with a CTD equipped with an SBE 43 Dissolved Oxygen sensor, an ECO FLNTU sensor for turbidity and chlorophyll, a PAR-LOG ICSW sensor for photosynthetically active radiation, and a SBE 27 pH and ORP (oxidation-reduction potential) sensor. In 2022 and 2023, profiles were also taken with an additional CTD equipped with an SBE 43 Dissolved Oxygen sensor; an ECO Triplet Scattering Fluorescence sensor for
Dataset for "Methodology of Evaluating the Activation Energy of Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Pt-based Electrodes"
<p>High temperature proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) technology is widely studied alternative to current energy conversion technologies based on fossil fuels. Compared to solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), HT-PEMFCs allow more flexibility and demand less operation control due to their lower temperature. On the other hand, HT-PEMFCs show an advantage over low-temperature PEMFCs in terms of less demand on the purity of the H2 used, the possibility to recover the generated heat, lower water management requirements, and easy heat management. One of the critical limitations of HT-PEMFC operation is a slow kinetics of the cathodic reduction of O2 (ORR) due to presence of H3PO4 which ensures proton conductivity in the system. Electrochemical dynamic methods such as cyclic voltammetry or linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) can be used to determine the kinetic parameters of ORR. These measurements can provide information on the Tafel slope and exchange current density (jex) of the ORR. However, performing these measurements under conditions relevant for HT-PEMFC operation is challenging due to presence highly concentrated H3PO4 and elevated temperature. First, determination of the kinetic parameters requires correct assessment of equilibrium potential of ORR (EORR). The value of the EORR is generally influenced by the activity (fugacity) of the reactants and products and the temperature, a discussion of the appropriate standard states of the components is also necessary. Second, the relationship between the jex and the reaction rate constant (k°), necessary for calculation of activation energy ( ), must be known. It includes consideration of the likely reaction mechanism. In this paper, the methodology for appropriate determination of was developed and used for estimation of of ORR from LSV curves measured on commercially available Pt/C catalyst under HT-PEMFC relevant conditions. In particular, the measurements were carried out using a rotating glassy carbon rod disk electrode (RRE) in purified 98 wt.% H3PO4 (as electrolyte) at temperatures of 120, 140, 160, 180 °C. Though the treatment was developed in context of ORR and HT-PEMFC, the approach is generally applicable to any electrochemical reaction.</p>
Salt River Wetlands denitrification rate, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium rate, dissolved organic carbon concentration in June 2016 as well as soil porosity and bulk density
Raw and derived data used to calculate denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate to ammonium (DNRA) from push-pull experiments with added isotopically labelled nitrate. Experiments were conducted in 2016 in the Salt River Accidental Wetlands in three different patch types: Unvegetated, dominated by Ludwigia peploides, and dominated by Typha species (T. domingensis and T. latifolia). Data include start and end of incubation concentration of nitrate, ammonium, atom percent 15N in ammonium, dissolved organic carbon, excess mass 29-N2, and excess mass 30-N2. Soil data was collected from the same patch types including soil moisture, porosity, and bulk density.
Nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) and denitrification (acetylene block) data from streams across ecoclimatic domains in the United States, 2017-2019
We conducted a cross-ecoregion study to test the hypothesis that N-fixation and denitrification would co-occur in streams and rivers across a range of reactive N concentrations. Between 2017 and 2019, we sampled 30 streams in 13 ecoregions, using chambers to quantify N-fixation using acetylene reduction and denitrification using acetylene block. 25 of the study streams were part of the National Ecological Observatory Network or the StreamPULSE network, which provided data on water temperature, light, nutrients, discharge and metabolism. Although N-fixation and denitrification occur under contrasting environmental conditions, we found that they co-occurred in ca. 40% of stream ecosystems surveyed, and microbes capable of carrying out each process were found in all surveyed streams. This dataset includes the chamber data used to calculate nitrogen fixation and denitrification rates, stream substrate information used to scale rates from substrate to whole-reach scale, and a variety of reach-to-landscape scale covariates used to evaluate predictors of rates across the study streams.
Tree Health Conditions (mortality, damage, disease, bark beetles) in Fuel Reduction Treatments Located Near Communities in Interior Alaska and the Cook Inlet Region of Alaska - Observations from July-August 2023
This dataset contains tree-, transect-, and site-level observations of forest stands at sites that received a fuel reduction treatment. Tree-level observations include species, diameter, living status, damage, disease, and bark beetle presence. Transect-level observations include level of coarse woody debris and bark beetle presence. Sites are categorized by region (recent/ongoing spruce beetle oubreak or endemic spruce beetle population levels) and treatment type (hand-thinned or mechanincally felled and masticated). These observations are from July-August 2023. Sites are located near communities in Interior Alaska and the Cook Inlet Region.
SALTEx soil oxidation-reduction (redox) potential measurements from the GCE LTER Seawater Addition Long-Term Experiment (SALTEx) between July 2016 and March 2017
SALTEx (Seawater Addition Long-Term Experiment) is a field experiment designed to simulate saltwater intrusion in a tidal freshwater wetland to predict how chronic (Press) and acute (Pulse) salinization will affect this and other tidal freshwater ecosystems. The SALTEx experiment was initiated in 2012 and consists of 31 field plots , each 2.5 m on a side. There are three treatments (Press, Pulse, and Fresh) and two types of controls (with and without sides), each consisting of six replicates. The Press treatment plots receive regular (4 times each week) additions of a mixture of seawater and fresh river water. Pulse plots receive the same mixture of seawater and river water during September and October, which is historically a time of low flow in the river when natural saltwater intrusion occurs. The Fresh treatment plots receive regular additions of fresh river water. Treatment water is added during low tide to facilitate its infiltration into the soil, and all plots are inundated by astronomical tides at high tide. Response measurements include porewater chemistry, specifically concentrations of chloride, sulfate, sulfide, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ammonium-N, nitrate/nitrite-N, dissolved reactive phosphorus, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, organic nitrogen, carbon:nitrogen ratio, organic-carbon:organic-nitrogen ratio, and pH.
Supplementary Materials for "On the Scalability of Data Reduction Techniques in Current and Upcoming HPC Systems from an Application Perspective"
<p>Supplementary materials with all used benchmark scripts, plot scripts, benchmark results and PIConGPU example data for the submission to "The 1st International Workshop on Data Reduction for Big Scientific Data (DRBSD-1)" held in conjunction with ISC 2017 in Frankfurt, Germany.</p>
COMPAIR carbon footprint calculations and greenhouse gas emissions reduction scenarios
<p>Citizens' carbon footprint calculation results and citizen-created scenarios on how Greenhouse Gas emissions can be reduced by 55% by 2030 are available that were gathered as part of the <a href="https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101036563">EU Horizon2020 COMPAIR project</a> in Europe. The pilot cities/regions are Berlin, Athens, Sofia, Plovdiv, and Flanders.</p>
Dataset for "Reduction-responsive immobilised and protected enzymes" research article
<p>The dataset for the paper titled "Reduction-responsive immobilised and protected enzymes".<br>The dataset includes the following items:<br><br>1. Unprocessed tif files (4 items) of the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs;<br>These SEM micrographs are presented in Fig. 3a and Fig. 3b in the manuscript and also in Fig. S1a and Fig. S1b in the supporting information document.<br><br>2. "Reduction-responsive immobilised and protected enzymes" xls file (1 file) including 4 datasheets;<br>- The "<strong>Cell experiment" </strong>sheet includes the cell viability results in Fig. 5d and Fig. S5.<br>- The "<strong>Enzyme activity - B-Gal"</strong> sheet includes all the results regarding the B-Gal enzyme activity in Fig. 4, main text, and Fig. S3.<br>- The "<strong>Enzyme activity - ASNase"</strong> sheet includes all the results regarding the ASNase enzyme activity in Fig. 5b, Fig. 5c, and Fig. S4.<br>- The<strong> "B-Gal and ASNase layer growth"</strong> sheet includes all the results regarding the layer growth reactions and kinetics of B-Gal and ASNase enzymes in Fig. 3d, Fig. 5a, and Fig. S1d.<br><br>3. "SNP and layer growth analysis" xls file (1 file) including 13 datasheets;<br>These datasheets contain the raw data of the size measurements of the silica nanoparticles conducted on the SEM micrographs before and after layer growth for each sampling timepoint for both B-Gal and ASNase enzymes with glutaraldehyde (Glu) and DSP as linkers.<br>Note: These data were used to make the graphs in the "<strong>B-Gal and ASNase layer growth" </strong>sheet.</p>
Raw data for the article "Visualisation and quantification of flooding phenomena in gas diffusion electrodes used for electrochemical CO2 reduction: A combined EDX/ICP–MS approach"
<p>Raw data for the article "Visualisation and quantification of flooding phenomena in gas diffusion electrodes used for electrochemical CO2 reduction: A combined EDX/ICP–MS approach", published in Journal of Catalysis 2022 408:1–8, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2022.02.014">10.1016/j.jcat.2022.02.014</a></p> <p>Folder names describe the type of data content.</p>
An estimate of fitness reduction from mutation accumulation in a mammal allows assessment of the consequences of relaxed selection: Dataset
<p>Supplementary files (data and analysis) for "An estimate of fitness reduction from mutation accumulation in a mammal allows assessment of the consequences of relaxed selection"</p> <p>Supplementary File 1: C3H_pheno_fix_Jun7_2023_nolowmut.csv</p> <p>Data for all mice in MA experiment including: mouse ID, sire, dam, generation, mating ID, sex, weight at 3 weeks, weight at 6 weeks, tail length, litter size, litter ID, line ID</p> <p> </p> <p>Supplementary File 2: C3H_pheno_Kontrol_June2023.csv</p> <p>Data for all control mice including: mouse ID, sire, dam, generation, mating ID, sex, weight at 3 weeks, weight at 6 weeks, tail length, litter size, litter ID, line ID</p> <p> </p> <p>Supplementary File 3: C3H_birthdates.csv</p> <p>Data for all C3H mice including: mouse ID, birthdate</p> <p> </p> <p>Supplementary File 4: MA_pheno.R</p> <p>R code for visualising trait data, running linear regressions, and comparing control and MA experiment data</p> <p> </p> <p>Supplementary File 5: C3H_pheno_burnin20_Jun7_2023_nolowmut.csv</p> <p>Data for all mice in MA experiment including a 20 generation burn-in to simulate mutation-drift balance for Animal model analyses: mouse ID, sire, dam, generation, mating ID, sex, weight at 3 weeks, weight at 6 weeks, tail length, litter size, litter ID, line ID</p> <p> </p> <p>Supplementary File 6: asreml_C3H_ALL.R</p> <p>R code for estimating mutational heritabilities using mixed model analysis</p> <p> </p> <p>Supplementary File 7: C3H_ped_rekey_Jun2023.csv</p> <p>Pedigree data for all mice in MA experiment</p> <p> </p> <p>Supplementary File 8: C3H_ped_rekey_KEY.csv</p> <p>Key for pedigree data file</p> <p> </p> <p>Supplementary File 9: plot_pedigree_tree_MS_final.R</p> <p>R code for visualising pedigree of mice in MA experiment</p>
Seeing nanoscale electrocatalytic reactions at individual MoS2 particles under an optical microscope: probing sub-mM oxygen reduction reaction
<p><span>Data in this repository include raw iSCAT optical microscopy movies for the operando monitoring of oxygen reduction reaction at bare ITO and MoS2-coated ITO electrodes in KCl solution in the presence or absence of La<sup>3+</sup> with their respective electrochemical data (voltammograms). </span></p>
Unintended cation crossover influences CO2 reduction selectivity in Cu-based zero-gap electrolysers
<p>Dataset for the publication "Unintended cation crossover influences CO2 reduction selectivity in Cu-based zero-gap electrolysers"</p>
Pathways to enhance electrochemical CO2 reduction identified through direct pore-level modeling (data for figures)
<p>This is the data used to create the figures in the article "Pathways to enhance electrochemical CO2 reduction identified through direct pore-level modeling".</p> <p>Published in EES Catalysis</p> <p>DOI: 10.1039/d3ey00122a<br> Evan Johnson<br> Etienne Boutin<br> Shuo Liu<br> Sophia Haussener</p> <p><br> Additional notes are given in the "ReadMe.txt" file.</p>
Dataset for publication "Enhancing C≥2 product selectivity in electrochemical CO2 reduction by controlling the microstructure of gas diffusion electrodes"
<p>Data used for publication:</p> <p>Broad topic: electrochemical reduction of CO2 using gas diffusion electrodes and neutral electrolyte</p> <p>Data is devided in subfolders named after the figure of the paper.</p> <p>Raw data, processed data, and Origin/Power Point files are all contained in the subfolders </p> <p>A subfolder corresponding to a sample contains: data from a potentiostat, gas and liquid chromatograms, recording of flow, pressure and temperature, tables of calculated Faradaic efficiency (FE), png image of the FE vs t, zipped raw files.</p> <p>.json file was created using a yadg scheme (https://dgbowl.github.io/yadg/master/index.html), and data was processed by a dgpost scheme (<a href="https://pypi.org/project/dgpost/">https://dgbowl.github.io/dgpost/master/index.html</a>)</p>
Native tree growth and reproduction in response to reduction in the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) canopy at Palmyra Atoll
These data describe competition for light (open solar path) between introduced coconut palm trees (Cocos nucifera) and native tree species between 2004 and 2008 at Palmyra Atoll, Northern Line Islands, Pacific Ocean. Data are contained in one table, including values from the start, end, and intermediate samples. The dataset measures the change in tree growth (DBH and height) and reproductive potential (flower and fruit production) in relation to time and open solar path value. Two treatments are considered: OSP values less than 50% created by C. nucifera removal, and OSP values greater than 50%.
Missouri reservoir profile data including depth, temperature, oxygen, photopigments, conductivity, pH, turbidity, and oxidative-reductive potential starting in 2023
This dataset of annual limnological profiles starts in 2023 and is from reservoirs in the state of Missouri (MO) in the USA collected by the University of Missouri Limnology Lab. Physical parameters derived from sensors include temperature and oxygen with depth. Sondes used were Yellow Springs Instruments (YSI) EXO3s; profiles include a range of physical, chemical, and biological parameters including depth, conductivity, pH, oxidative-reductive potential (ORP), chlorophyll a, phycocyanin (PC), and turbidity. After May 2024, the turbidity sensor was replaced with a phycoerythrin (PE) sensor. Most of the profiles were collected during the summer months (May-September) when the reservoirs were thermally stratified, but a few were taken during the rest of the year (October-April). The majority of profiles were taken at the deepest point in the reservoir directly up-reservoir of the dam. Sampling was conducted from a boat. The bulk of the data come from the Statewide Lake Assessment Project (SLAP), funded by the Missouri Department of Natural Resources. The profiles are divided into single files for each year. This data has been quality controlled for basic errors and any data outside of normal factory issued sensor ranges.
Microbial Sulfate Reduction Rates in Soils in the Napa River Watershed, California, USA, 2021-2023
Agricultural sulfur (S) inputs are a major source of anthropogenic S to the environment, often stimulating microbial sulfate reduction (MSR) in downstream environments, which can drive a cascade of unintended ecosystem consequences. This dataset includes samples collected throughout the Napa River Watershed, California, USA, where routine, high S applications to vineyards are common. Sampling was focused confirming the presence of microbial sulfate reduction (MSR) within upland soils, challenging the conventional view that this process is restricted to fully saturated environments. We collected soil samples for sulfate concentrations, sulfate reduction rates (SRRs), and organic C content (Loss On Ignition, LOI) under three different hydrological conditions: while soils were moist (November 2021), dry (January/February 2022), and saturated (January/February 2023). We collected samples from a variety of different land cover types, including vineyard, vineyard stream, grassland, forest, forest stream, and wetland.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.