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91 results for “Thermal environment”
Thermal infrared emissivity spectral library of silicates measured under the Mercury simulated environment
<p>This is the thermal emissivity spectral library of silicates measured as a function of temperature under Mercury simulated environment. Data is measured at the Planetary Spectroscopy Laboratory (PSL), Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin. The spectral library will be used for mineral identification of Mercury surface using MERTIS datasets. The manuscript related to this work is submitted to Icarus on the title "<strong>Thermal Infrared Spectroscopy (7-14 µm) of Silicates under Simulated Mercury Daytime Surface Conditions and their Detection: Supporting MERTIS onboard the BepiColombo Mission".</strong></p>
Annual summer single-day measurements of the thermal environment with a bio-meteorological sensor under trees, shade structures, and sun-exposed areas in the Rio Salado Park in Tempe, AZ, USA
We have measured the thermal environment/bio-meteorological conditions under trees, shade structures, and at sun-exposed locations in the Rio Salado Park in Tempe, AZ, USA annually since 2018 on a clear sky, hot, sunny day in June/July to track shade performance of newly planted trees over time. Measurements were taken with a mobile bio-meteorological weather station, known as MaRTy (Middel & Krayenhoff, 2019; DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.085). Since the measurement campaign began, some of the trees have died, were removed, or their environment has changed due to external events such as a bridge collapse (2020-07-29).
Genetic background and thermal regime influence adaptation to novel environment in the seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus
<p>Climate change is associated with the increase in both mean and variability of thermal conditions. Therefore, the use of more realistic fluctuating thermal regimes is the most appropriate laboratory method for predicting population responses to thermal heterogeneity. However, the long- and short-term implications of evolving under such conditions are not well understood. Here, we examined differences in key life history traits among populations of seed beetles (<em>Callosobruchus</em> <em>maculatus</em>) that evolved under either constant control conditions or in an environment with fluctuating daily temperatures. Specifically, individuals from two distinct genetic backgrounds were kept for 19 generations at one of two temperatures, a constant temperature (T=29°C) or a fluctuating daily cycle (T<sub>mean</sub>=33°C, T<sub>max</sub>=40°C, and T<sub>min</sub>=26°C), and were assayed either in their evolved environment or in the other environment. We found that beetles that evolved in fluctuating environments but were then switched to constant 29°C conditions had far greater lifetime reproductive success compared to beetles that were kept in their evolved environments. This increase in reproductive success suggests that beetles raised in fluctuating environments may have evolved greater thermal breadth than control condition beetles. In addition, the degree of sexual dimorphism in body size and development varied as a function of genetic background, evolved thermal environment, and current temperature conditions. These results highlight not only the value of incorporating diel fluctuations into climate research but also suggest that populations that experience variability in temperature may be better able to respond to both short- and long-term changes in environmental conditions.</p>
Molecular mechanisms underlying plasticity in a thermally varying environment
<p><span>Adaptation to environmental variability is a prerequisite for species' persistence in their natural environments. With climate change predicted to increase the frequency and severity of temperature fluctuations, ectothermic organisms may increasingly depend on acclimation capacity to accommodate thermal variability. To elucidate the molecular basis of fluctuating temperature induced phenotypic plasticity, we investigated heat tolerance and the mechanisms induced by acclimation to thermal variability as compared to those seen at constant temperature. We ran genome-wide transcriptomic analysis on <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> subjected to acclimation at constant (19 </span><span>±</span><span> 0</span><span>°</span><span>C) and fluctuating (19 </span><span>±</span><span> 8</span><span>°</span><span>C) temperatures and contrasted the induction of molecular mechanisms in adult males, adult females, and larvae. We found life stage and sex specific dynamics of the acclimation responses to fluctuating temperatures. Adult flies exposed to temperature fluctuations showed a constitutive improvement in heat tolerance while heat tolerance of larvae tracked thermal fluctuations. A constitutive down-regulation of gene expression was observed for several genes in the case of larvae exposed to fluctuations. Our results for adult females showed that, for several genes, fluctuating temperature acclimation resulted in canalization of gene expression. Both transcriptional and post-transcriptional machinery were greatly affected by fluctuations in the case of adult males. Gene ontology analysis showed enrichment of heat stress response involving several major heat shock proteins in both larvae and adults exposed to fluctuating temperatures, even though fluctuations were in a benign range of temperatures. Finally, molecular mechanisms related to environmental sensing seem to be an important component of insect response to thermal variability. </span></p>
Environment and phenology shape local adaptation in thermal performance
Populations within species often exhibit variation in traits that reflect local adaptation and further shape existing adaptive potential for species to respond to climate change. However, our mechanistic understanding of how the environment shapes trait variation remains poor. Here, we used common garden experiments to quantify thermal performance in eight populations of the marine snail <i>Urosalpinx cinerea </i>across thermal gradients on the Atlantic and the Pacific coasts of North America. We then evaluated the relationship between thermal performance and environmental metrics derived from time-series data. Our results reveal a novel pattern of "mixed" trait performance adaptation, where thermal optima was positively correlated with spawning temperature (cogradient variation), while maximum trait performance was negatively correlated with season length (countergradient variation). This counterintuitive pattern likely arises because of phenological shifts in the spawning season, whereby "cold" populations delay spawning until later in the year when temperatures are warmer compared to "warm" populations that spawn earlier in the year when temperatures are cooler. Our results show that variation in thermal performance can be shaped by multiple facets of the environment and are linked to organismal phenology and natural history. Understanding the impacts of climate change on organisms therefore requires the knowledge of how climate change will alter different aspects of the thermal environment.
Pre-fertilisation gamete thermal environment influences reproductive success, unmasking opposing sex-specific responses in Atlantic Salmon
<p>The environment gametes perform in just before fertilisation is increasingly recognised to affect offspring fitness, yet the contributions of male and female gametes and their adaptive significance remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigated gametic thermal plasticity and its effects on hatching success and embryo performance in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Eggs and sperm were incubated overnight at 2°C or 8°C, temperatures within the optimal thermal range of this species. Crosses between warm- and cold-incubated gametes were compared using a fully-factorial design, with half of each clutch reared in cold temperatures and the other in warm temperatures. This allowed disentangling single-sex interaction effects when pre-fertilisation temperature of gametes mismatched embryonic conditions. Pre-fertilisation temperature influenced the age at hatch, and matching sperm and embryo temperatures resulted in earlier hatching. Warm incubation benefited eggs but harmed sperm, reducing the hatching success and, overall, gametic thermal plasticity did not enhance offspring fitness, indicating vulnerability to thermal changes. We highlight the sensitivity of male gametes to higher temperatures, and that gamete acclimation may not effectively buffer against deleterious effects of thermal fluctuations. From an applied angle, we propose the differential storage of male and female gametes as a tool to enhance sustainability within the hatcheries.</p>
Environment and phenology shape local adaptation in thermal performance
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Molecular mechanisms underlying plasticity in a thermally varying environment
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Genetic background and thermal regime influence adaptation to novel environment in the seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus
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Pre-fertilisation gamete thermal environment influences reproductive success, unmasking opposing sex-specific responses in Atlantic Salmon
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Data from: How the thermal environment shapes the structure of termite mounds
<p>A computational model has been developed to predict the role of environment in the forms and functions of termite mounds. The proposed model considers the most relevant forces involved in the heat transfer process of termite mounds, while also reflects their gasexchange function. The method adopts a system configuration procedure to determine thermally optimized mound structures. The model successfully predicts the main architectural characteristics of typical Macrotermes michaelseni mounds for the environmental conditions they live in. The results indicate that the mound superstructure and internal condition strongly depend on the combined effect of environmental forces. It is noted that mounds being exposed to higher solar irradiances develop intricate lateral channels, inside, and taller and more pronounced spire tilt towards the sun, outside. It is also found that the mounds' spire tilt angle depends on the geographical location, following the local average solar zenith angle for strong irradiances. Although wind does not influence the overall over-ground mound shape, it significantly affects the mound internal condition. The results of this study resonate with what is seen in nature. The proposed approach provides a broader view of the factors that are effective in the form and function of a naturally made structure.</p>
Carole Niffenegger, Sebastian Dirren, Christian Schano, Fränzi Korner-Nievergelt (2023) Data from : Natural nest cavities in a high elevation habitat provide a more constant thermal environment than human-made nest cavities
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Nest cavities with suitable thermal conditions can provide fitness benefits for birds through reduced thermoregulatory cost. Insulation can however vary between natural and human-made cavities. While several studies have assessed cavity temperatures, research from high elevation habitats, where environmental conditions are particularly variable, is still scarce. We compared temperature profiles of vacant natural and human-made nest cavities of white-winged snowfinches <i>Montifringilla nivalis</i>, a high elevation cavity nestling species. Human-made cavities experienced more extreme temperatures, with potential consequences for offspring viability, bringing into question their suitability as conservation measure, particularly as extreme temperature events become more frequent. </p>
Symbiodiniaceae diversity varies by host and environment across thermally distinct reefs
<p>Analysis for Coral population ecology predicts Symbiodiniaceae diversity across thermally distinct reefs<br>Authors: Magena R. Marzonie, Matthew R. Nitschke, Line K. Bay, David G. Bourne, Hugo B. Harrison</p> <p><strong>1_Analysis.Rmd</strong> contains all scripts required to run analyses within the manuscript. Analysis are structured as follows within the Rmd: (use Outline tab in Rmd for easy navigating)</p> <ol> <li>Library statistics for ITS2 type profiles/DIVs <br</li> <li>UPGMA trees for ITS2 type profiles/DIVs</li> <li>Marker alignment tanglegram psba-ITS2</li> <li>PCoAs with UniFrac distance</li> <li>distance-based RDAs</li> <li>Procrustes rotation analysis</li> <li>distance-based RDA subset models with host genetic data</li> </ol> <p> </p> <p><strong>2_R2Analyses.Rmd</strong></p> <ol> <li>Scripts to run host NJ (neighbour-joining trees)</li> <li>Run final distance based RDA models (host and environmental conditional models)</li> </ol> <p>Other files needed to run scripts></p> <p><strong>O_SymPortal</strong> folder contains post-med sequence analysis of symbiont DIVs and Type Profiles which are required to run 1_Analysis</p> <p><strong>Metadata.csv</strong> contains environmental and host species data associated with each sample. Note that 'Vial' refers to each coral individual sample collected</p> <p><strong>Metadata_mtorf.csv</strong> contains environmental and host species data associated with each sample, with updated mtORF alignment. Both metadata files are required for 1_Analysis. Note that 'Vial' refers to each coral individual sample collected</p> <p><strong>psba txt files</strong> are required to run the marker alignment</p> <p><strong>PverDart_CSS/ PmeaDart_CSS/ AcroDart_AlCluster_CSS</strong> contains the scripts required to run host filtering These files are not needed to directly run 1_Analysis.Rmd scripts, but show the pre-filtering steps prior to importing host genetic data.</p>
Local thermal environment and warming influence supercooling and drive widespread shifts in the metabolome of diapausing Pieris rapae butterflies
<p>Global climate change has the potential to negatively impact biological systems as organisms are exposed to novel temperature regimes. Increases in annual mean temperature have been accompanied by disproportionate rates of change in temperature across seasons, and winter is the season warming most rapidly. Yet, we know relatively little about how warming will alter the physiology of overwintering organisms. Here, we simulated future warming conditions by comparing diapausing <i>Pieris rapae</i> butterfly pupae collected from disparate thermal environments and by exposing <i>P. rapae </i>pupae to acute and chronic increases in temperature. First, we compared internal freezing temperatures (supercooling points) of diapausing pupae that were developed in common-garden conditions but whose parents were collected from northern Vermont, USA, or North Carolina, USA. Matching the warmer winter climate of North Carolina, North Carolina pupae had significantly higher supercooling points than Vermont pupae. Next, we measured the effects of acute and chronic warming exposure in Vermont pupae and found that warming induced higher supercooling points. We further characterized the effects of chronic warming by profiling the metabolomes of Vermont pupae via untargeted LC-MS metabolomics. Warming caused significant changes in abundance of hundreds of metabolites across the metabolome. Notably, there were warming-induced shifts in key biochemical pathways, such as pyruvate metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism, and β-alanine metabolism, suggesting shifts in energy metabolism and cryoprotection. These results suggest that warming affects various aspects of overwintering physiology in <i>P. rapae</i> and may be detrimental depending on the frequency and variation of winter warming events. Further research is needed to ascertain the extent to which the effects of warming are felt among a broader set of populations of <i>P. rapae</i>,<i> </i>and among other species, in order to better predict how insects may respond to changes in winter thermal environments.</p>
How efficient is symbiont-mediated protection to heat under daily fluctuating thermal environments? A study on an aphid-bacterium mutualism
<p>These are the two datasets for the article "<strong>How efficient is symbiont-mediated protection to heat under daily fluctuating thermal environments? A study on an aphid-bacterium mutualism</strong>".</p> <p>We examined the effects of four thermal regimes defined by their combination of mean temperature (18 or 25°C) and diurnal thermal range (day-night fluctuations: 5 or 10°C) on the interaction between the aphid <em>Acyrthosiphon pisum</em>, its obligate symbiont <em>Buchnera aphidicola </em>and the facultative heat-protective symbiont <em>Serratia symbiotica</em>. We used two clonal lines of <em>A. pisum </em>uninfected (5A) or infected with <em>S. symbiotica </em>(5AR). Thermal treatments were applied form aphid birth to death. We recorded both aphid traits (immature survival rate, longevity, immature development time, total fecundity, body size) and symbiont titres at the onset of reproduction (for both <em>B. aphidicola </em>and <em>S. symbiotica</em>), expressed relatively to aphid gene copy number through quantitative PCRs (qPCRs).</p> <p><strong>Aphid traits</strong></p> <p>. Individual = identification of the individual</p> <p>. Line = aphid clonal line, either deprived of (5A) or infected with <em>S. symbiotica </em>(5AR)</p> <p>. MT = Mean Temperature, either 18°C or 25°C</p> <p>. DTR = Diurnal Temperature Range (day-night fluctuations), either 5°C or 10°C</p> <p>. surv.adult = whether (Y) or not (N) the individual survived until reaching reproduction (immature survival rate)</p> <p>. adulthood = time elapsed between birth and first reproduction (in days)</p> <p>. lifespan = time elapsed between birth and death (in days)</p> <p>. offspring = total number of larvae produced by each aphid throughout lifetime</p> <p>. tibia = hind tibia length as a proxy of body size (in mm)</p> <p>. wing = whether (Y) or not (N) the individual developed wings following imaginal moult</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Symbiont titres</strong></p> <p>. Individual = identification of the individual</p> <p>. Line = aphid clonal line, either deprived of (A) or infected with <em>S. symbiotica </em>(AR)</p> <p>. MT = Mean Temperature, either 18°C or 25°C</p> <p>. DTR = Diurnal Temperature Range (day-night fluctuations), either 5°C or 10°C</p> <p>. QPCR = identification of the microplate used during qPCR analyses (to handle pseudoreplication)</p> <p>. EfAlph = number of copies of aphid housekeeping gene elongation factor 1-alpha (<em>EF1-α</em>)</p> <p>. SdEfAlph = standard deviation of the aphid gene copy number, calculated over three technical replicates</p> <p>. DnaKBa = number of copies of <em>B. aphidicola </em>gene <em>dnaK</em></p> <p>. SdDnaKBa = standard deviation of <em>B. aphidicola </em>gene copy number, calculated over three technical replicates</p> <p>. DnakSs = number of copies of <em>S. symbiotica </em>gene <em>dnaK</em></p> <p>. SdDnaKSs = standard deviation of <em>S. symbiotica </em>gene copy number, calculated over three technical replicates</p> <p>. RappBa = ratio between DnaKBa and EfAlph to calculate relative titre of <em>B. aphidicola</em></p> <p>. RappSs = ratio between DnaKSs and EfAlph to calculate relative titre of <em>S. symbiotica</em></p>
Rapid evolution of thermal tolerance and phenotypic plasticity in variable environments
<p>These are the data and code to go with "<strong>Rapid evolution of thermal tolerance and phenotypic plasticity in variable environments</strong>"</p> <p><strong>Figure 01 takes the following data/scripts:</strong></p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/cc14086e-84ed-4a13-b2d4-cf3cda0d669f/20210610_Thally02_Figure01_plot_and_stats.R">20210610_Thally02_Figure01_plot_and_stats.R </a> with <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/cc14086e-84ed-4a13-b2d4-cf3cda0d669f/track_keeper.csv">track_keeper.csv </a> and <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/cc14086e-84ed-4a13-b2d4-cf3cda0d669f/corr_Response%20growth%20.csv">corr_Response growth .csv </a>. These files contain growth rates per transfers for all selection environments throughout the experiment and growth rates in correlated environments during reciprocal transplants, respectively. </p> <p><strong>Figure 02 takes the following data/scripts:</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/cc14086e-84ed-4a13-b2d4-cf3cda0d669f/20210610_Thally02_Figure02_plot_and_stats.R">20210610_Thally02_Figure02_plot_and_stats.R </a> with <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/cc14086e-84ed-4a13-b2d4-cf3cda0d669f/20161120_res_logis_t000.csv">20161120_res_logis_t000.csv </a>and <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/cc14086e-84ed-4a13-b2d4-cf3cda0d669f/20161123_resloglint300.csv">20161123_resloglint300.csv .</a> These files contain the output of the shapes of the growth curves (i.e. information on lag time , growth at µmax, K etc) for all samples in all selection environments at t0 and t300, respectively</p> <p><strong>The remaining figures - position not clear at time of submission - take the following data/script. </strong></p> <p>For plasticity in FRRF data, the script 20181204_FRRF_plasticity.R takes the FRRF raw data contained in <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/cc14086e-84ed-4a13-b2d4-cf3cda0d669f/allfvfmdata_thally_t300_t000.csv">allfvfmdata_thally_t300_t000.csv </a>. Extracted parameters are in files <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/cc14086e-84ed-4a13-b2d4-cf3cda0d669f/CvaluesThally02.csv">CvaluesThally02.csv</a>, <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/cc14086e-84ed-4a13-b2d4-cf3cda0d669f/psiPSI_slope_intercept.csv">psiPSI_slope_intercept.csv</a>, and <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/cc14086e-84ed-4a13-b2d4-cf3cda0d669f/rP_extracted_values.csv">rP_extracted_values.csv </a> and can be analysed using the R script <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/cc14086e-84ed-4a13-b2d4-cf3cda0d669f/extracted%20parameter%20plots.R">extracted parameter plots.R .</a> R script <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/cc14086e-84ed-4a13-b2d4-cf3cda0d669f/FRRF%20visualisation%20only%20.R">FRRF visualisation only .R </a> is for visualisation only, as the title suggests. </p> <p>For comparing plasticity/growth , the data are in <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/cc14086e-84ed-4a13-b2d4-cf3cda0d669f/20170327_giantbigtable.csv">20170327_giantbigtable.csv </a>, and can be visualised/analysed in <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/cc14086e-84ed-4a13-b2d4-cf3cda0d669f/plast%20vs%20growth.R">plast vs growth.R </a></p> <p>In order to recreate the AMOVAS based on SNVs, use <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/cc14086e-84ed-4a13-b2d4-cf3cda0d669f/all_variants_fixed-only_using_5x_depth_threshold.csv?versionId=01cbf6bf-fe16-4e7d-aae8-58c527596ebb">all_variants_fixed-only_using_5x_depth_threshold.cvs </a> with <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/cc14086e-84ed-4a13-b2d4-cf3cda0d669f/amova%20thally02.R?versionId=e9c21378-ee37-4418-9ce1-76db821e645a">amova thally02.R </a></p> <p>For additional information, please contact elisa.schaum@uni-hamburg.de </p>
Adapting a propane turkey fryer to manipulate temperature in aquatic environments - Thermal manipulation datasets
<p>There is a growing need to better understand the potential impacts of altered thermal regimes on biodiversity and ecosystem function as mean temperatures, and the likelihood of extreme temperatures, continue to increase. One valuable approach to identify mechanisms and pathways of thermally-driven change at the community level is through the manipulation of temperature in the field. However, where methods exist, they are often costly or unable to produce ecologically relevant changes in temperature. Here, we present a low cost, easily assembled, and readily customizable thermal manipulation system for tide pools or other small bodies of water – the Seaside Array for Understanding Thermal Effects (SAUTE) – and demonstrate its ability to effectively alter the temperature in tide pools. During our three-hour heating manipulation, heated pools reached temperatures 4°C warmer than unmanipulated pools. During the cooling manipulation, cooled pools remained on average 1.8°C cooler than control pools. The novel SAUTE system can be used to alter the temperature of tide pools in situ. Further, it could be modified to heat other environments such as freshwater vernal pools and settlement tiles in a realistic and meaningful manner, serving as a useful tool to test questions surrounding the relationship between climate warming, thermal variability, and ecological processes in natural aquatic communities.</p>
Spatial and temporal variation in phenotypes and fitness in response to developmental thermal environments
<p>1) Phenotypic variation within populations is influenced by the environment via plasticity and natural selection. How phenotypes respond to the environment can vary among traits, populations, and life stages in ways that can influence fitness.</p> <p>2) Plastic responses during early development are particularly important because they can affect components of fitness throughout an individual's life. Consequently, how natural selection shapes developmental plasticity could be influenced by fitness consequences across different life stages. Moreover, spatial variation in selection pressures could generate differences in plastic responses among populations.</p> <p>3) To gain insight into sources of variation in phenotypes and survival, we used a laboratory egg incubation experiment using brown anole lizards (Anolis sagrei) from mainland (ancestral) and island (descendent) populations, combined with a mark-release-recapture experiment in the field. Our study was designed to (i) quantify the effects developmental temperature on embryo development and offspring morphology, (ii) assess how developmental temperature influences offspring survival across different life stages, and (iii) quantify how thermal reaction norms vary among ancestral and descendant populations.</p> <p>4) Developmental temperature influenced offspring morphology, but thermal reaction norms of embryos showed little variation among populations. Developmental temperature influenced offspring survival, but the patterns differed between embryo and hatchling stages; the optimal temperature for embryos was about 5ºC lower than that for hatchlings. High temperatures were thermally stressful to embryos, but they reduced incubation duration and led to early hatching. In turn, earlier hatching increased the probability of survival to adulthood. Moreover, the effect of temperature on hatchling survival was most pronounced for offspring that hatched late in the season.</p> <p>5) The difference in optimal developmental temperatures between life stages may be driven by physiological tolerance for embryos and by ecological factors for hatchlings. Moreover, the fitness consequences of the developmental environment depend upon the phenology of hatching. Overall, these results highlight how the developmental environment can differentially effect fitness across life stages and show that temporal thermal heterogeneity can influence survival of embryos, but the consequences on post-hatching stages may vary at different times of the season.</p>
Testing the predictability of morphological evolution in contrasting thermal environments
<p>Gaining the ability to predict population responses to climate change is a pressing concern. Using a 'natural experiment', we show that testing for divergent evolution in wild populations from contrasting thermal environments provides a powerful approach, and likely an enhanced predictive power for responses to climate change. Specifically, we used a unique study system in Iceland, where freshwater populations of threespine sticklebacks (<em>Gasterosteus aculeatus</em>) are found in waters warmed by geothermal activity, adjacent to populations in ambient-temperature water. We focused on morphological traits across six pairs from warm and cold habitats. We found that fish from warm habitats tended to have a deeper mid-body, a sub-terminally orientated jaw, steeper craniofacial profile, and deeper caudal region relative to fish from cold habitats. Our common garden experiment showed that most of these differences were heritable. Population age did not appear to influence the magnitude or type of thermal divergence, but similar types of divergence between thermal habitats were more prevalent across allopatric than sympatric population pairs. These findings suggest that morphological divergence in response to thermal habitat, despite being relatively complex and multivariate, are predictable to a degree<a name="_Hlk345127"></a>. Our data also suggests that the potential for migration of individuals between different thermal habitats may enhance non-parallel evolution and reduce our ability to predict responses to climate change.</p>
Developmental environment has lasting effects on amphibian behavior and thermal physiology
<p>Environmental challenges early in development can result in complex phenotypic trade-offs and long-term effects on individual physiology, performance, and behavior, with implications for disease and predation risk. We examined the effects of simulated pond-drying and elevated water temperatures on development, growth, thermal physiology, and behavior in a widespread North American amphibian, the Southern leopard frog, <em>Rana sphenocephala</em>. Tadpoles were raised in outdoor mesocosms under warming and drying regimes based on projected climatic conditions in 2070. We predicted that amphibians experiencing the rapid pond drying and elevated pond temperatures associated with climate change would accelerate development, be smaller at metamorphosis and demonstrate long-term differences in physiology and exploratory behavior post-metamorphosis. While both drying and warming accelerated development and reduced survival to metamorphosis, only drying resulted in smaller animals at metamorphosis. At approximately one month post-metamorphosis, animals from the control (ambient no-drying) treatment jumped relatively farther at high temperatures in jumping trials. In addition, across all treatments, frogs with shorter larval periods had lower critical thermal minima and maxima. We also found evidence that developing under warming and drying resulted in a less exploratory behavioral phenotype, and that drying, but not warming, resulted in warmer thermal preferences. Furthermore, behavior predicted thermal preference, with less exploratory animals selecting higher temperatures. Our results underscore the multi-faceted effects of early developmental environments on behavioral and physiological phenotypes later in life. For example, thermal preferences can influence disease risk through behavioral thermoregulation, and exploratory behavior may increase risk of predation or pathogen encounter. By impacting thermal physiology, behavior, and various physiological traits, climatic stressors during development may mediate amphibian exposure and susceptibility to predators and pathogens into adulthood.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.