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79 results for “Valladolid”
Heath Wave Risk (2022-2021) Valladolid City
<p>This indicator considers the number of combined tropical nights and hot days per city. Physical measurements of air temperature shall be performed. Comparison of risk with nearby areas of similar form with low/no NBS.</p>
Temperature Decrease - Valladolid City (2021-2023)
<p>Green urban infrastructure can play a role in climate change adaptation through reducing air and surface temperature by providing shading and enhancing evapotranspiration, which leads to two benefits: improved thermal comfort and reduced energy use. We address the thermal comfort and reduced energy benefits via physical indicators such as ambient temperature, turbulent fluxes, and energy savings.</p> <p>In this KPI, mean and peak daytime local temperatures will be calculated and used to assess the impact of the NBS. This KPI includes the measurement and calculation of mean and daytime local relative humidity to complete the study.</p>
Total CO2 absorption (ton) 20 years in Valladolid City
<p>Urban vegetation plays a vital role in offsetting atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> by acting as a sink and storing carbon. Carbon sinks can be at the city or urban regional level, with urban green areas having local importance as carbon sinks. However, urban parks can also function as carbon sources due to their management and use producing more CO<sub>2</sub> emissions than their carbon sequestration capacity.</p>
Total CO2 absorption (ton) 20 years - Valladolid City
<p>Urban vegetation plays a vital role in offsetting atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> by acting as a sink and storing carbon. Carbon sinks can be at the city or urban regional level, with urban green areas having local importance as carbon sinks. However, urban parks can also function as carbon sources due to their management and use producing more CO<sub>2</sub> emissions than their carbon sequestration capacity.</p>
Annual Mean Levels of Fine PM10 particules in Valladolid city
<p>Road transport and construction operations are identified as major sources of air pollutants in cities. Airborne particulate matter is associated with harmful effects on human cardiovascular and respiratory health. Particles ≤ 10 microns (PM10), and particularly the finer particles ≤ 2.5 microns (PM2.5) associated with road transport vehicles, are of concern due to their small size; (a micron, or micrometre = one-millionth of a meter: 0.001 millimetre). Green walls (or screens) in urban streets may act as barriers to direct dispersal of pollutants from combustion engine vehicles to pedestrian areas. Particulates may be deposited on the leaf surface of trees or taken up into the leaf surface wax layer, reducing atmospheric particulate concentrations. Monitoring of air quality parameters is complex; involving many potentially interacting variables. Variation in weather conditions; prevailing wind direction and speed; tree species, density, location and structure; and the configuration of built urban infrastructure are among factors which may affect the trajectory and rate of dispersal of particulate pollutants. We aim to compare outdoor air concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 at child and adult head heights at locations with and without street trees or green walls to evaluate whether these NBS are associated with reduced local concentrations of airborne PM10 and PM2.5.</p>
Annual Mean Levels of Fine PM 2.5 particules in Valladolid city
<p>Road transport and construction operations are identified as major sources of air pollutants in cities. Airborne particulate matter is associated with harmful effects on human cardiovascular and respiratory health. Particles ≤ 10 microns (PM10), and particularly the finer particles ≤ 2.5 microns (PM2.5) associated with road transport vehicles, are of concern due to their small size; (a micron, or micrometre = one-millionth of a meter: 0.001 millimetre). Green walls (or screens) in urban streets may act as barriers to direct dispersal of pollutants from combustion engine vehicles to pedestrian areas. Particulates may be deposited on the leaf surface of trees or taken up into the leaf surface wax layer, reducing atmospheric particulate concentrations. Monitoring of air quality parameters is complex; involving many potentially interacting variables. Variation in weather conditions; prevailing wind direction and speed; tree species, density, location and structure; and the configuration of built urban infrastructure are among factors which may affect the trajectory and rate of dispersal of particulate pollutants. We aim to compare outdoor air concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 at child and adult head heights at locations with and without street trees or green walls to evaluate whether these NBS are associated with reduced local concentrations of airborne PM10 and PM2.5.</p>
Food production in the context of UrbanGreenUP project for Valladolid City
<p>Production of food in urban orchards (agriculture, eggs, etc.). Measurement of the amount of food produced. The production of food will be measured by tones/Ha per year.</p> <p>Measurement of the amount of food produced. If it cannot be measured, an estimate of the amount generated will be made.</p> <p>Users will be asked directly using surveys.</p>
Green Infrastructure Connectivity in Valladolid City
<p>Calculation of the shortest distance (linear) between the population in the NBS (line type), and the NBS location centroid. This social indicator evaluates the accessibility of urban green spaces for population in terms of total distance or time.</p> <p>Exante file shows the baseline. Expost, after the implementation of the UrbanGreenUP project. </p>
Green Space Distribution m2 per capita in Valladolid city
<p>Urban green infrastructures are key part of the sustainable development in our cities. They can provide important Ecosystem Services in them, including provisioning, regulating, supporting and cultural services. The total surface of green areas needs to be relativized in terms of total area or per capita, in order to compare results with other cities or to observe the evolution within the same city.</p>
Green areas sustainability for Valladolid city
<p>Recreational (number of visitors, number of recreational activities) or cultural (number of cultural events, people involved, children in educational activities) value is an idicator calculated during the timespan of the UrbanGreenUP project. </p>
Citizen Perception of the NBS in Valladolid city
<p>Citizens’ perceptions, both individuals and communities, are essential when evaluating the well-being benefits from urban green spaces (Kothencz et al, 2017). Public and stakeholder perceptions of urban nature, and specifically the quality or functionality of nature, are critical to our understanding of the “value” people place on local environments (Priego et al., 2008).</p> <p>Exploring visitors’ perceptions of green spaces is challenging as it depends on cognitive, affective, and behavioural components and, therefore, sensory perceptions are individually different (Kothencz et al, 2017).</p> <p>This KPI measures identified green space characteristics by the two following well-being variables and one geolocation variable:</p> <ul> <li>Green space visitors’ level of satisfaction. Directly related with the urban green space (UGS) quality.</li> <li>Self-reported quality of life (QoL).</li> <li>Frequency of green space visitors’ crowd-sourced geo-tagged data in NBS sites.</li> </ul> <p>Visitors’ level of satisfaction and perceived QoL contributions of UGS are key individual-level measures that are subjectively affected by area-based green space characteristics.</p> <p>This KPI will reflect on how people assess change in their local environments in terms of satisfaction, quality of life and citizens’ presence of urban green space (UGS) at a site (NBS), neighbourhood and city scale.</p>
Green Intelligence Awareness, inhabitants attended in Valladolid city
<p>Changes in behavior and human attitudes are fundamental to achieve a more sustainable world, so that, it is very interesting to analyze the potential of an activity or intervention to increase the green intelligence awareness of a population.</p> <p>There is enormous opportunity for nature-based solutions to promote understanding of sustainability in ways that positively influence citizen behavior. There are numerous available resources to learn and understand the fragility of our environmental and the responsibility of humans to protect, preserve and respect the world. Therefore, this KPI aims to reflect how the intervention is used for educational purposes and enhancement of public awareness. </p>
Green Intelligence Awareness, educational actions in Valladolid city
<p>Changes in behavior and human attitudes are fundamental to achieve a more sustainable world, so that, it is very interesting to analyze the potential of an activity or intervention to increase the green intelligence awareness of a population.</p> <p>There is enormous opportunity for nature-based solutions to promote understanding of sustainability in ways that positively influence citizen behavior. There are numerous available resources to learn and understand the fragility of our environmental and the responsibility of humans to protect, preserve and respect the world. Therefore, this KPI aims to reflect how the intervention is used for educational purposes and enhancement of public awareness. </p>
Noise Reduction by NBS in Valladolid city
<p>Noise pollution by traffic, construction works, etc. is a common city problem. Nuisance from noise is detrimental to neighbourhood liveability, living comfort and work environments, and can increase risk of serious health problems such as hearing loss and cardiovascular disease.</p> <p>Urban ecosystems provide noise reduction services by serving as a natural sound buffer. Vegetation provides both a direct and an indirect barrier to environmental noise. Starting with its direct functions, green belts attenuate noise by absorption, dispersal, and destructive interference of sound waves, though sound levels can intensify locally if measured right below tree crowns. Indirect noise reduction effects are generated by lessened wind speeds and the absorptive capacity of pervious soils. UGS also proved to offer noise reducing services via psychological effects: just observing the presence of a green wall can lead people to perceive less noise nuisance or alter the perception of noise as sounds such as flowing water, bird singing, and leaves rustling in the wind mask disturbing background noise.</p> <p>On the other hand, the methodology proposed for this KPI is based and uses the methodology and tools proposed by the European Commission Working Group Assessment of Exposure to Noise (WG-AEN).</p> <p>The Environmental Noise Directive (END) requires two main indicators to be applied in the assessment and management of environmental noise. The first indicator (Lden) is the noise level for the day, evening and night periods and is designed to measure ‘annoyance’. The END defines an Lden threshold of 55 dB. The second indicator (Lnight) is the noise level for night-time periods and is designed to assess sleep disturbance. The END defines an Lnight threshold of 50 dB. Member States must report the numbers of people who are exposed to noise levels above both thresholds for each noise source (e.g. roads, railways, airports, industry).</p>
Openness process in Valladolid city
<p>Nature-Based Solutions require planning approaches and governance architectures that support accessibility to green spaces, while maintaining their quality for the provision of ecosystem services. Urban environmental problems are often difficult to handle and successful solutions require combined efforts of different scientific disciplines but also an active dialogue between stakeholders from policy and society (Lemos and Morehouse, 2005).</p> <p>In this context, transdisciplinary approaches for knowledge co-production provide insights about the ways and the rationale for engaging with multiple knowledge holders: experts and scientists as well as citizens and practitioners (Bergmann et al., 2012, Jahn et al., 2012). The scientific frameworks of urban ecosystem services were brought into the interface between policy and science to inform urban planning and governance (Frantzeskaki and Tilie, 2014).</p> <p>The quality of the URBAN GreenUP project implementation depends on social learning and adequate technical solutions. This is possible through the support and cooperation between the involved parties and the resulting input of knowledge (Luyet, 2012).</p> <p>Participation is often reduced to the dissemination of information and the holding of workshops. These approaches generally do not take into account either the heterogeneity of stakeholders, or the complexity of the decision making process (Luyet, 2012).</p> <p>The KPI “Openness of participatory processes” is based on the participation actions delivered in the city of Valladolid. There are defined two steps, data collection and data evaluation.</p>
ES15 - Office - Valladolid (Spain)
<p>Data files for building: ES15 - Office - Valladolid (Spain)</p><p>Languages: Spanish, English</p><p>These files are part of the public benchmark repository created as a part of the crossCert EU project. </p><p>This repository contains curated building data, certificate results and, where available, measured performance results. The repository is publicly available so that it can be used as a testbench for new Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) procedures.</p><p>The files are organised in the following folders (note that not all files are always provided):</p><ol><li>Main data and Results, with:<ol><li>Neutral data inventory.</li><li>Neutral results report.</li><li>Original EPC certificate.</li></ol></li><li>Energy Consumption Data, with:<ol><li>Files, where available, with energy consumption data for the building, which can be used for validation of models and EPC results.</li></ol></li><li>Drawings<ol><li>Building drawings which can be used as an aid for generating the EPC, or for creating dynamic energy consumption models.</li></ol></li><li>Other Data<ol><li>Any other data that can be useful for the purposes of creating or validating an EPC or an energy consumption dynamic model for the building.</li></ol></li><li>Dynamic Model<ol><li>Data to run a dynamic model of the building, if available.</li></ol></li></ol><p>The files have been redacted to exclude confidential information. </p>
Mapa 2 in Primeros registros de Lycaena bleusei Oberth̡r, 1884 en Valladolid y Zamora (Castilla y León: España), y BraganÇa (Portugal) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae).
Mapa 2.- Distribución de Lycaena bleusei en la provincia de Zamora (puntos negros) y en el distrito de BraganÇa (punto rojo).
Figs. 3-6 in Primeros registros de Polyommatus amandus (Schneider, 1792) para la provincia de Valladolid (Castilla y León: España) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae).
Figs. 3-6.- Polyommatus amandus, Villacreces (Valladolid), 25/06/2016, J. Carlos Vicente y Beatriz Parra leg.
Carbon saving from reduced building consumption in Valladolid city
<p>Climate change can cause overheating in city centers, especially through the “heat island effect”. Green urban infrastructure can play a role in climate change adaptation through reducing air and surface temperature by providing shading and enhancing evapo-transpiration, which leads to energy and carbon savings from reduced building energy consumption especially in summer. Insulating effect of plants reduces heating energy consumption and associated carbon emissions in winter. </p>
Energy Saving from Reduced building Consumption in Valladolid city
<p>Climate change can cause overheating in city centers, especially through the “heat island effect”. Green urban infrastructure can play a role in climate change adaptation through reducing air and surface temperature by providing shading and enhancing evapo-transpiration, which leads to energy and carbon savings from reduced building energy consumption especially in summer. On the other hand, insulating effect of plants reduces heating energy consumption and associated carbon emissions in winter. </p> <p>This indicator was calculated for the UrbanGreenUP monitoring program. </p>
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