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62 results for “Varroa”
Figure 4 in Classical and geometric morphometric methods reveal differences between specimens of Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) from seven provinces of Iran
Figure 4. Dendrogram plotted by on UPGMA method based on morphometric measurement. The vertical line is the
Figure 3 in Classical and geometric morphometric methods reveal differences between specimens of Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) from seven provinces of Iran
Figure 3. Distribution of morphometric characters in PCA analysis. This graph is based on the average size of the characters, is drawn.
Figure 2 in Classical and geometric morphometric methods reveal differences between specimens of Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) from seven provinces of Iran
Figure 2. Distribution of six landmarks on the ventral surface of varroa mite for geometric measurement.
Figure 5 in Classical and geometric morphometric methods reveal differences between specimens of Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) from seven provinces of Iran
Figure 5. Distribution of varroa mite based on a landmark in PCA analysis. Weight matrices data are used for this analysis. Circles show the closer groups.
Figure 1 in Classical and geometric morphometric methods reveal differences between specimens of Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) from seven provinces of Iran
Figure 1. Morphometric parameters measured on the ventral surface varroa mite – a: body width, b: body length, c: length of the epigynal shield, d: length of the anal shield, e: metapodal shield's width, f: metapodal shield's length.
Fig. 1 in Prevalence Nosema areas of Varroa destructor and first report of sp. in Apis mellifera drone congregation
Fig. 1. Study area. Argentina-Tucumán-Yerba Buena. Image on the left the map of Argentina. On the right, the site that contains the three Drone Congregation Areas (DCA 1 School, DCA 2 Module, DCA 3 Río Muerto), marked with yellow tags and the experimental Apiary in orange. Located in the year 2018-19 in the spring reproductive season.
Fig. 2 in Prevalence Nosema areas of Varroa destructor and first report of sp. in Apis mellifera drone congregation
Fig. 2. Porcentaje de infestación por Varroa destructor (varroa forética) en las ACZ analizadas durante los cuatro años de muestreo.
Insights into Varroa mite (Varroa destructor) infestation levels in local honeybee (Apis mellifera) colonies of Ethiopia
<p>These data were collected from three geographic regions of Ethiopia from September, 2020 to June 2022 in order to determine the prevalence of<em> varroa destructor </em>in Ethiopian honeybee colonies. The data was analyzed to compare the <em>Varroa destructor</em> mite among the honeybee development stages (brood Vs Adult), by the hive types (Local traditional Vs Frame modern) and across the geographic regions (Oromia, Amhara and SNNPR). </p> <p>Both the raw and the partially processed data were available here. </p>
Data from: Pathogen shifts in a honey bee predator following arrival of the Varroa mite
Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are a global threat to honey bees, and spillover from managed bees threaten wider insect populations. Deformed wing virus (DWV), a widespread virus that has become emergent in conjunction with the spread of the mite Varroa destructor, is thought to be partly responsible for global colony losses. The arrival of Varroa in honey bee populations causes a dramatic loss of viral genotypic diversity, favoring a few virulent strains. Here, we investigate DWV spillover in an invasive Hawaiian population of the wasp, Vespula pensylvanica, a honey bee predator and honey-raider. We show that Vespula underwent a parallel loss in DWV variant diversity upon the arrival of Varroa, despite the mite being a honey bee specialist. The observed shift in Vespula DWV, and the variant-sharing between Vespula and Apis, suggest that these wasps can acquire DWV directly or indirectly from honey bees. Apis prey items collected from Vespula foragers were positive for DWV, indicating predation is a possible route of transmission. We also sought cascading effects of DWV shifts in a broader Vespula pathogen community. We identified concurrent changes in a suite of additional pathogens, as well as shifts in the associations between these pathogens in Vespula and in Apis. These findings reveal how hidden effects of the Varroa mite can, via spillover, transform the composition of pathogens in interacting species, with potential knock-on effects for entire pathogen communities.
Dataset for varroa mite detection on sticky boards
<p>This Zenodo entry contains several supplementary files to the paper <i>"Analysis of Varroa mite colony infestation level using new open software based on deep learning techniques"</i> by Jose Divasón, Ana Romero, Francisco Javier Martínez de Pisón, Miguel A. Silvestre, Pilar Santolaria and Jesús L. Yániz.</p><p>The code is also publicly available in Github: <a href="https://github.com/jodivaso/varroa_detector">https://github.com/jodivaso/varroa_detector</a></p><p>The following files are included in this entry:</p><ul><li><strong>dataset.zip: </strong>this file contains the dataset that consists of 64 images (dimensions 8064 x 6048) of sticky boards with varroa mites. The compressed file also includes the labels (the annotations).</li><li><strong>images_deblurGAN.zip: </strong>this file contains the same 64 images, but after applying deblurGAN techniques.</li><li><strong>df_dataset.csv: </strong>CSV containing the information which images belong to the training set and which belong to the validation set.</li><li><strong>models.zip:</strong> it contains the different deep learning models that have been developed.</li><li><strong>example.zip: </strong>compressed file that includes a model (based on Faster R-CNN with resnet18 as backbone and fpn) and one image.</li></ul>
Supplementary material S24: Time course of the loudest Varroa jolting pulse compared to that of a honeybee colony and single bee individual.
<p>Time course of the loudest <em>Varroa </em>jolt on brood-comb with the signal from the full colony and a single bee. The signal seen here in each panel is the integral of the magnitude of acceleration with respect to time. The background vibration that is inherent to the room was calculated and subtracted from this data. The loudest jolt (red) is here compared to the signal of a single bee (black) and the vibrations of the full colony at low and high signal (black). High signal is captured when the frame containing the accelerometer is empty of brood. Low signal is captured when the frame is fully loaded with brood and/or honey. The whooping signal (panel a) was captured during a period of high signal.</p>
Supplementary material S19: The growth and decay rate of the Varroa jolting pulse.
<p>The growth and decay of the <em>Varroa </em>jolting pulse on each of the three substrates. Panel ‘a’ showcases the loudest jolting pulse waveform registered on honeycomb, and panel ‘b’ showcases the loudest jolting pulse waveform registered on petri-dish, both of which demonstrate an exponential growth and decay that is highlighted within the red envelope. The growth rate and decay constant were estimated visually (honeycomb growth rate = 0.05ms, honeycomb decay constant = 0.1ms, petri-dish growth rate = 0.09ms, petri-dish decay constant = 1.2ms). The growth rate is the only element of the waveform that is caused by the animal, the decay constant on both the honeycomb and petri-dish are likely the result of the response of the substrate. The brood-comb <em>Varroa </em>jolting pulse seen in panel ‘c’ is the result of the averaged accelerometer waveform for the 40 jolting pulses deemed to be loudest, and are shown in panel ‘d’ to have an envelope following a gaussian function. All peaks in the vibrational trace were forced to become positive values to demonstrate the gaussian function. The negligible exponential decay can be seen, beginning at approximately 3.9ms.</p>
Standard methods for dissection of Varroa destructor females supplementary videos
<p>These three videos present methodological steps to perform Varroa destructor females dissection either ventrally (Video S1) or dorsally (Video S2 and S3)</p>
Figure 6 in Classical and geometric morphometric methods reveal differences between specimens of Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) from seven provinces of Iran
Figure 6. Cluster analysis by UPGMA method based on geometric morphometric measurement.
Biting behavior against Varroa mites in honey bees is associated with changes in mandibles
<p>raw data of the mite biting behavior, and parameters of mandibles for our manuscript "<span>Biting behavior against Varroa mites in honey bees is associated with changes in mandibles, with tracking by a new mobile application for mite damage identification</span>"</p>
Data for: Breeding honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) for low and high Varroa destructor population growth: gene expression of bees performing grooming behavior
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Background</span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Social organisms, including honey bees (<em>Apis mellifera</em> L.), have defense mechanisms to control the multiplication and transmission of parasites and pathogens within their colonies. Self-grooming, a mechanism of behavioral immunity, seems to contribute to restraining the population growth of the ectoparasitic mite <em>Varroa destructor</em> in honey bee colonies. Because <em>V. destructor</em> is the most damaging parasite of honey bees, breeding them for resistance against the mite is a high priority of the beekeeping industry. We conducted a bidirectional breeding program to select honey bee colonies with low and high varroa<em> </em>population growth (LVG and HVG, respectively). Having high and low lines of bees allowed the study of genetic mechanisms underlying self-grooming behavior between the extreme genotypes. Worker bees were classified into two categories: 'light groomers' and 'intense groomers'. The brains of bees from the different categories (LVG-intense, LVG-light, HVG-intense, and HVG-light) were used for gene expression and viral quantification analyses.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Results</span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the LVG and HVG lines were identified, including four odorant-binding proteins and a gustatory receptor. A functional enrichment analysis showed 19 enriched pathways from a list of 219 down-regulated DEGs in HVG bees, including the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) term of oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, bees from the HVG line showed higher levels of <em>Apis rhabdovirus</em> <em>1</em> and <em>2</em>, <em>Varroa destructor virus -1</em> (VDV-1), and <em>Deformed wing virus-A</em> (DWV-A) compared to bees of the LVG line.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Conclusions</span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The difference in expression of odorant-binding protein genes and a gustatory receptor between bee lines suggests a possible link between them and the perception of irritants to trigger rapid self-grooming instances that require the activation of energy metabolic pathways. Therefore, our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in honey bee grooming behavior. Differences in viral levels in the brains of LVG and HVG bees showed the importance of investigating the pathogenicity and potential impacts of neurotropic viruses on behavioral immunity. The results of this study advance the understanding of a trait used for selective breeding, self-grooming, and the potential of using genomic-assisted selection to improve breeding programs.</p>
Data for: Negative but antagonistic effects of neonicotinoid insecticides and ectoparasitic mites Varroa destructor on Apis mellifera honey bee food glands
<p>Collaborative brood care by workers is essential for the functionality of eusocial honey bee, <em>Apis</em> <em>mellifera</em>, colonies. The hypopharyngeal food glands of workers play a crucial role in this context. Even though there is consensus that ubiquitous ectoparasitic mites <em>Varroa</em> <em>destructor</em> and widespread insecticides, such as neonicotinoids, are major stressors for honey bee health, their impact alone and in combination on the feeding glands of workers is poorly understood. Here, we show that both <em>V. destructor</em> and neonicotinoids reduce hypopharyngeal gland size, thereby potentially compromising collaborative brood care in colonies. In a fully-crossed laboratory experiment, the impact of mites and the neonicotinoids thiamethoxam and clothianidin alone and in combination on workers were evaluated. While the neonicotinoids did not impact survival and emergence body mass, the data confirm that <em>V. destructor</em> reduces both. Even though the interactions between both stressors were antagonistic and neutral, the clear detrimental effects of both stressors alone and in combination on worker longevity and food glands are remarkable. Besides reduced worker longevity, impaired brood care provided by workers exposed to <em>V. destructor</em> and neonicotinoids could be detrimental for honey bee colony functionality. Our findings highlight a mechanism to explain honey bee colonies losses globally.</p>
Data from: Pathogen shifts in a honey bee predator following arrival of the Varroa mite
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data for: Breeding honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) for low and high Varroa destructor population growth: gene expression of bees performing grooming behavior
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data for: Negative but antagonistic effects of neonicotinoid insecticides and ectoparasitic mites Varroa destructor on Apis mellifera honey bee food glands
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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