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23 results for “Whole-genome duplication”
The Rhododendron genome and chromosomal organization provide insight into shared whole-genome duplications across the heath family (Ericaceae)
<p>The genus <em>Rhododendron</em> (Ericaceae), which includes horticulturally important plants such as azaleas, is a highly diverse and widely distributed genus of >1,000 species. Here, we report the chromosome-scale de novo assembly and genome annotation of <em>Rhododendron williamsianum</em> as a basis for continued study of this large genus. We created multiple short fragment genomic libraries, which were assembled using ALLPATHS-LG. This was followed by contiguity preserving transposase sequencing (CPT-seq) and fragScaff scaffolding of a large fragment library, which improved the assembly by decreasing the number of scaffolds and increasing scaffold length. Chromosome-scale scaffolding was performed by proximity-guided assembly (LACHESIS) using chromatin conformation capture (Hi-C) data. Chromosome-scale scaffolding was further refined and linkage groups defined by restriction-site associated DNA (RAD) sequencing of the parents and progeny of a genetic cross. The resulting linkage map confirmed the LACHESIS clustering and ordering of scaffolds onto chromosomes and rectified large-scale inversions. Assessments of the <em>R. williamsianum</em> genome assembly and gene annotation estimate them to be 89% and 79% complete, respectively. Predicted coding sequences from genome annotation were used in syntenic analyses and for generating age distributions of synonymous substitutions/site between paralgous gene pairs, which identified whole-genome duplications (WGDs) in <em>R. williamsianum</em>. We then analyzed other publicly available Ericaceae genomes for shared WGDs. Based on our spatial and temporal analyses of paralogous gene pairs, we find evidence for two shared, ancient WGDs in <em>Rhododendron</em> and <em>Vaccinium</em> (cranberry/blueberry) members that predate the Ericaceae family and, in one case, the Ericales order.</p>
Pioneering polyploids: the impact of whole-genome duplication on biome shifting in New Zealand Coprosma (Rubiaceae) and Veronica (Plantaginaceae)
<p>The role of whole-genome duplication in facilitating shifts into novel biomes remains unknown. Focusing on two diverse woody plant groups in New Zealand, <i>Coprosma </i>(Rubiaceae) and <i>Veronica </i>(Plantaginaceae), we investigate how biome occupancy varies with ploidy level, and test the hypothesis that whole-genome duplication increases the rate of biome shifting.</p> <p>Ploidy levels and biome occupancy (forest, open, and alpine) were determined for indigenous species in both clades. The distribution of low ploidy (<i>Coprosma</i>: 2<i>x</i>, <i>Veronica</i>: 6<i>x</i>) vs high ploidy (<i>Coprosma</i>: 4–10<i>x</i>, <i>Veronica</i>: 12–18<i>x</i>) species across biomes was tested statistically. Estimation of the phylogenetic history of biome occupancy and whole-genome duplication was performed using time-calibrated phylogenies and the R package BioGeoBEARS. Trait-dependent dispersal models were implemented to determine support for an increased rate of biome shifting among high ploidy lineages.</p> <p>We find support for a greater than random portion of high ploidy species occupying multiple biomes. We also find strong support for high ploidy taxa showing a three to eight-fold increase in the rate of biome shifts. These results suggest that whole-genome duplication promotes ecological expansion into new biomes.</p>
Data from: Species tree estimation and the impact of gene loss following whole-genome duplication
<p>Whole-genome duplication (WGD) has been demonstrated to occur broadly and repeatedly in the evolutionary history of eukaryotes, and is recognized as a prominent evolutionary force, especially in plants. Immediately following WGD, most genes are present in two copies as paralogs. Due to this redundancy, one copy of a paralog pair commonly undergoes pseudogenization and is eventually lost. When speciation occurs shortly after WGD, however, differential loss of paralogs may lead to spurious phylogenetic inference resulting from the inclusion of pseudoorthologs – paralogous genes mistakenly identify as orthologs because they are present in single copes within each sampled species. The influence and impact of including pseudoorthologs versus true orthologs as result of gene extinction (or incomplete laboratory sampling) in a phylogenetic context is only recently starting to gain empirical attention. Moreover, few of these studies have yet to investigate this phenomenon in an explicit coalescent framework. Here, using mathematical models, numerous simulated data sets, and two newly assembled empirical data sets, we assess the effect of pseudoorthologs on species tree estimation under varying levels of incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and different patterns of gene loss following WGD. When gene loss occurs in the terminal branches of the species tree, the alignment-based (BPP) and gene-tree-based (ASTRAL, MP-EST, and STAR) coalescent methods are adversely affected as the level of ILS increases. This can be greatly improved by sampling a sufficiently large number of genes. Under the same circumstances, however, concatenation methods consistently estimate incorrect species trees as the number of sampled genes increases. Furthermore, pseudoorthologs can mislead species tree inference if gene loss occurs in the internal branches of the species tree, where both coalescent and concatenation methods are prone to produce inconsistent results. However, pseudoorthologs are problematic when filtering only for single-copy genes in phylogenomic data sets. Pruning orthologs or even randomly selecting a copy from multi-copy genes can avoid most of those pseudoorthologs. These results underscore the importance of understanding the influence of pseudoorthologs in the phylogenomics era.</p>
Microscopy images - "An elevated rate of whole-genome duplications associated with carcinogen exposure in Black cancer patients"
<p>This repository contains microscopy data from the manuscript "An elevated rate of whole-genome duplications associated with carcinogen exposure in Black cancer patients" by Leanne M. Brown, Ryan A. Hagenson, Tilen Koklič, Iztok Urbančič, Janez Strancar, and Jason M. Sheltzer (preprint: 10.1101/2023.11.10.23298349; accepted for publication in Nature Communications).</p> <p> </p> <p>Each zip contains the set of images from individual multi-channel multi-position time-lapse experiment with different combinations of cells exposed to one nanomaterial. Files are named as: IMGxxxx_[ExperimentCode]_ROIxx_tile[TileNumber]_[Channel]_[CellType]_t[Timepoint].tif, where each of the varying elements in [..] denotes the following:</p> <ul> <li>[ExperimentCode]: tells which material the cells were exposed to - see decoding table in the file "material-codes.xlsx"</li> <li>[TileNumber]: two xy-tiles per condition</li> <li>[Channel]: cytoplasm of epi cells (LA4), membrane (MEM), cytoplasm of imu cells and tubulin (MHSTUB), nanomaterial (NANO)</li> <li>[CellType]: mono-culture of lung epithelial cells (epi), their coculture with macrophages (epiimu)</li> <li>[Timepoint]: consecutive number of the frame in the time-lapse</li> </ul> <p> </p>
Pioneering polyploids: the impact of whole-genome duplication on biome shifting in New Zealand Coprosma (Rubiaceae) and Veronica (Plantaginaceae)
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Data from: Revisiting ancient whole-genome duplications in the seed and flowering plants through the lens of dosage-sensitive genes
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The Rhododendron genome and chromosomal organization provide insight into shared whole-genome duplications across the heath family (Ericaceae)
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Data from: Species tree estimation and the impact of gene loss following whole-genome duplication
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Nested whole-genome duplications coincide with diversification and high morphological disparity in Brassicaceae
<p>Angiosperms have become the dominant terrestrial plant group by diversifying for ~145 million years into a broad range of environments. During the course of evolution, numerous morphological innovations arose, often preceded by whole genome duplications (WGD). The mustard family (Brassicaceae), a successful angiosperm clade with ~4000 species, has been diversifying into many evolutionary lineages for more than 30 million years. Here we develop a species inventory, analyze morphological variation, and present a maternal, plastome-based genus-level phylogeny. We show that increased morphological disparity, despite an apparent absence of clade-specific morphological innovations, is found in tribes with WGDs or diversification rate shifts. Both are important processes in Brassicaceae, resulting in an overall high net diversification rate. Character states show frequent and independent gain and loss, and form varying combinations. Therefore, Brassicaceae pave the way to concepts of phylogenetic genome-wide association studies to analyze the evolution of morphological form and function.</p>
Data from: Whole-genome duplication and host genotype affect rhizosphere microbial communities
<p>The composition of microbial communities found in association with plants is influenced by host phenotype and genotype. Yet, the ways in which specific genetic architectures of host plants shape microbiomes is unknown. Genome duplication events are common in the evolutionary history of plants, influence many important plant traits, and, thus, they may affect associated microbial communities. Using experimentally induced whole genome duplication (WGD), we tested the effect of WGD on rhizosphere bacterial communities in<i> Arabidopsis thaliana</i>. We performed 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to characterize differences between microbiomes associated with specific host genetic backgrounds (Columbia <i>vs</i>. Landsberg) and ploidy levels (diploid <i>vs</i>. tetraploid). We modeled relative abundances of bacterial taxa using the Dirichlet and multinomial distributions via a hierarchical Bayesian approach. We found that host genetic background and ploidy level affected rhizosphere community composition. We then tested to what extent microbiomes derived from a specific genetic background or ploidy level affected plant performance by inoculating sterile seedlings with microbial communities harvested from a prior generation. We found a negative effect of the tetraploid Columbia microbiome on growth of all four plant genetic backgrounds. These findings suggest an interplay between host genetic architecture and bacterial community assembly with potential ramifications for host fitness. Moreover, we uncovered an intriguing role of ploidy-level for shaping plant microbiomes. Given the prevalence of ploidy-level variation in both wild and managed plant populations, the effects on microbiomes of this aspect of host genetic architecture could be a widespread driver of differences in plant microbiomes.</p>
Nested whole-genome duplications coincide with diversification and high morphological disparity in Brassicaceae
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Data from: Whole-genome duplication and host genotype affect rhizosphere microbial communities
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Simulated data and results from "Accurate quantification of copy-number aberrations and whole-genome duplications in multi-sample tumor sequencing data"
<p>This dataset contains all the simulated data and the results of all the considered methods in the benchmark presented in "Accurate quantification of copy-number aberrations and whole-genome duplications in multi-sample tumor sequencing data" [Zaccaria & Raphael, 2018]. All the data in this dataset and the corresponding formats are fully described at <a href="https://github.com/raphael-group/hatchet-paper">https://github.com/raphael-group/hatchet-paper</a>. The folder <em>simulations</em> which contains the entire dataset has been compressed with standard <em>zip</em>.</p>
Exploring whole-genome duplicate gene retention with complex genetic interaction analysis
<p>Whole-genome duplication<b> </b>has played a central role in genome evolution of many organisms, including the human genome. Most duplicated genes are eliminated and factors that influence the retention of persisting duplicates remain poorly understood. Here, we describe a systematic complex genetic interaction analysis with yeast paralogs derived from the whole-genome duplication event. Mapping digenic interactions for a deletion mutant of each paralog and trigenic interactions for the double mutant provides insight into their roles and a quantitative measure of their functional redundancy. Trigenic interaction analysis distinguishes two classes of paralogs, a more functionally divergent subset and another that retained more functional overlap. Gene feature analysis and modeling suggest that evolutionary trajectories of duplicated genes are dictated by combined functional and structural entanglement factors.</p>
Evolution of binding preferences among whole-genome duplicated transcription factors
<p>Throughout evolution, new transcription factors (TFs) emerge by gene duplication, promoting growth and rewiring of transcriptional networks. How TF duplicates diverge is known for only a few studied cases. To provide a genome-scale view, we considered the 35% of budding yeast TFs, classified as whole-genome duplication (WGD)-retained paralogs. Using high-resolution profiling, we find that ~60% of paralogs evolved differential binding preferences. We show that this divergence results primarily from variations outside the DNA binding domains (DBDs), while DBD preferences remain largely conserved. Analysis of non-WGD orthologs revealed that ancestral preferences are unevenly split between duplicates, while new targets are acquired preferentially by the least conserved paralog (biased sub/neo-functionalization). Dimer-forming paralogs evolved mostly one-sided dependency, while other paralogs interacted through low-magnitude DNA-binding competition that minimized paralog interference. We discuss the implications of our findings for the evolutionary design of transcriptional networks.</p>
Chromosome-level genome of Capitulum mitella reveals an ancient whole-genome duplication event and intertidal adaptation of barnacles
<p><span>Barnacles are the only sessile crustaceans inhabiting intertidal zone, an extremely stressful environment for sessile organisms. Herein, we report the chromosome-level genome of a stalked barnacle, <em>Capitulum</em> <em>mitella</em>, which is a dominant intertidal cirripede of the west Pacific Ocean coast. After comprehensive comparative genomic analyses, it is the first time to find an ancient whole-genome duplication (WGD) event that preceded the divergence of Lepadomorpha and Sessilia approximately </span><span>237 million years ago. </span><span>The retained duplicated genes of WGD are primarily enriched in many environmental information processing pathways, shedding light on its adaptive evolution of intertidal sessile life. In addition, transcriptomic and metabolomic sequencing and analyses of <em>C</em>. <em>mitella</em> indicated that the upregulation of some expanded anti-stress factors and accumulation of acyl-carnitines help barnacles adapt to stressful intertidal conditions. Therefore, this study provides a valuable resource for understanding the unique intertidal adaptation mechanism of sessile crustaceans and reveals novel WGD events in invertebrates.</span></p>
Cytonuclear interactions remain stable during allopolyploid evolution despite repeated whole-genome duplications in Brassica
<p>Plant cells arose through the endosymbiotic engulfment of a cyanobacterium that subsequently formed the chloroplast genome, enabling plants to develop new critical functions. Almost all chloroplast proteins are now encoded in the nucleus, but some chloroplast protein complexes are jointly encoded by both nuclear and chloroplast genes, which interact to facilitate essential plant functions, such as the photosystems. Allopolyploidy, resulting from the hybridization and genome doubling of two divergent species, can disrupt these fine-tuned cytonuclear interactions, as newly formed allopolyploid species confront biparental nuclear chromosomes with a uniparental organelle inheritance. Such unequal genome inheritance may affect the conformation of the five cytonuclear complexes in allopolyploids. We used <em>Brassica</em> as a model to study the effects of paleopolyploidy and dichotomic divergence in parental species, as well as the effects of recent allopolyploidy in <em>Brassica napus</em>, on genes implicated in cytonuclear complexes. Because the <em>B. napus</em> parental diploid species are paleohexaploids, we first identified paleologous copies of cytonuclear complex genes. We found that these genes are preferentially retained in duplicates, are nearly all transcribed and are undergoing strong purifying selection, in accordance with the ‘gene balance hypothesis’. Subsequently, we compared expression patterns of cytonuclear complex homoeolog genes between resynthesized <em>B. napus </em>individuals and their respective diploid parents. The neo-polyploids showed neither biased sub-genome expression nor homogenization of homoeologs, due to highly conserved parental chloroplast genomes. These findings provide new insights and an innovative framework to understand the impact of cytonuclear interactions on interspecific hybridization and allopolyploid speciation.</p>
Data from: The limited contribution of reciprocal gene loss to increased speciation rates following whole-genome duplication
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Exploring whole-genome duplicate gene retention with complex genetic interaction analysis
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Data from: Visual pigment evolution in Characiformes: The dynamic interplay of teleost whole-genome duplication, surviving opsins and spectral tuning
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.