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60 results for “frog community”
Fig. 2 in High prevalence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in an Andean frog community (Reserva Las Gralarias, Ecuador)
Fig. 2. Significant Bd infection differences in amphibians according to reproductive modes, habitat use, and taxonomy. P values are reported for 2012 and 2013; significance is noted by ** (p <0.01) and *** (p <0.001).
Effects of parental care on skin microbial community composition in poison frogs
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Local and regional diversity of frog communities along an extensive rainforest elevation gradient in Papua New Guinea
<p>Rainforests on high tropical mountains are globally important species diversity hotspots. We studied amphibians along an extensive rainforest elevation gradient on Mt. Wilhelm (4,509 m) in Papua New Guinea. We established eight sites at 500 m elevation increments between 200 and 3,700 m a.s.l. and related their community composition to the known species pool of New Guinea island. We recorded 3,390 frogs from 55 species, which is three times more species than at any local community along the elevation gradient. Species diversity peaked at 1,700 m a.s.l. for Mt. Wilhelm communities, and at 500–1,100 m a.s.l. in the broader New Guinea fauna, probably reflecting increasing speciation and decreasing dispersal rates with increasing elevation. The beta diversity between frog communities was high and increased with increasing elevation. The change in frog community composition across 500 m elevation corresponded to the change over 200 km distance within lowland forests. A majority of frog species were distributed over narrow <500 m elevational ranges, at Mt Wilhelm and the New Guinea fauna more broadly. We did not detect Rapoport's pattern of wider elevation range for species at higher elevations than for lowland species, for Mt. Wilhelm communities or the New Guinea fauna. The high beta diversity patterns along elevation gradients generated by rapid species turnover with narrow elevation ranges make frog communities vulnerable to change in the environment, including climate change.</p>
Fig. 1 in High prevalence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in an Andean frog community (Reserva Las Gralarias, Ecuador)
Fig. 1. Swab sample obtained from Centrolene heloderma at Reserva Las Gralarias, Ecuador.
Data from: Diversification dynamics in Caribbean rain frogs (Eleutherodactylus) are uncoupled from the anuran community and consistent with adaptive radiation
<p><span>Adaptive radiation</span><span> is proposed to play a key role in generating differences in species richness among lineages and geographic regions. Due to the importance of ecological divergence in adaptive radiation, species richness is predicted to be influenced by equilibrium diversity dynamics, although the concept continues to generate much debate. An additional important question is whether radiating clades have intrinsic biological characteristics that make them particularly prone to diversify. We tackle these questions by analyzing <em>i</em>) the temporal patterns of diversification of Caribbean <em>Eleutherodactylus</em> frogs, and <em>ii</em>) assembly of the complete native anuran community of the Caribbean archipelago (197 species), testing for the presence of equilibrium dynamics and whether diversification patterns of <em>Eleutherodactylus</em> differ from those of the rest of the Caribbean anurans. Diversification rates follow the predicted pattern of rapid diversification early in the radiation, which gradually decreases towards the present. <em>Eleutherodactylus</em> diversification is significantly faster than that of the Caribbean anuran community, and although equilibrium dynamics influence richness of all Caribbean anurans, <em>Eleutherodactylus</em> shows higher carrying capacity. Our results indicate that ecological opportunity <em>per se</em> is not sufficient for adaptive radiation and that diverse lineages present intrinsic characteristics that enable them to make the most of available opportunity.</span></p>
Data from: Diversification dynamics in Caribbean rain frogs (Eleutherodactylus) are uncoupled from the anuran community and consistent with adaptive radiation
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Local and regional diversity of frog communities along an extensive rainforest elevation gradient in Papua New Guinea
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Supplementary material 1 from: Vagmaker N, Pereira-Ribeiro J, Colombo Ferreguetti Á, Boazi A, Gama-Matos R, Bergallo HG, Duarte Rocha CF (2020) Structure of the leaf litter frog community in an area of Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil. Zoologia 37: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e38877
Table S1. Voucher for anuran species collected at the Duas Bocas Biological Reserve, Espírito Santo, and deposited in the amphibian collection of the Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Data from: Adaptive radiation and ecological opportunity in Sulawesi and Philippine fanged frog (Limnonectes) communities.
Because island communities are derived from the mainland, they are often less diverse by comparison. However, reduced complexity of island communities can also present ecological opportunities. For example, amphibian diversity on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi is generally lower than in the Philippines, but this island supports a surprisingly diverse endemic assemblage of Sulawesi fanged frogs (genus Limnonectes). To explore evolutionary dynamics of this system, we examined molecular, morphological, and geographical variation of fanged frogs from these two regions. Using genealogical concordance – a conservative standard – we identified 12 species on Sulawesi, only four of which are described. One more species can be distinguished with morphology, and a Bayesian approach to species delimitation suggests our total species estimate on Sulawesi (n = 13) is still an underestimate. After accounting for evolutionary history, a model with multiple body size optima in sympatric Limnonectes species is significantly preferred over a "random walk" model where body size evolves by Brownian motion. Additionally, morphological variation is higher among sympatric than non-sympatric species on Sulawesi, but not in the Philippines. Taken together, these findings suggest that adaptive radiation of fanged frogs on Sulawesi was driven by natural selection to infiltrate ecological niches occupied by other lineages in the Philippines. Our study supports the concept of ecological opportunity in community assembly: diversification in mature communities, such as the Philippines, is limited by a dearth of unoccupied ecological niches. On Sulawesi however, evolutionary novelties originated in a predictable and replicated fashion in response to opportunities presented by a depauperate ancestral community.
Figure 1 in Environmental humidity and leaf-litter depth affecting ecological parameters of a leaf-litter frog community in an Atlantic Rainforest area
Figure 1. Map showing the location of the study area of Serra das Torres mountains (the star), municipality of Atílio Vivacqua, State of Espírito Santo, south-eastern Brazil.
Figure 3 in Environmental humidity and leaf-litter depth affecting ecological parameters of a leaf-litter frog community in an Atlantic Rainforest area
Figure 3. Relationship between body mass and abundance of leaf-litter frogs sampled in the Atlantic Rainforest area of Serra das Torres, municipality of Atilio Vivacqua, State of Espírito Santo, south-eastern Brazil.
Figure 2 in Environmental humidity and leaf-litter depth affecting ecological parameters of a leaf-litter frog community in an Atlantic Rainforest area
Figure 2. Rarefaction curve (solid line) and corresponding 95% limits of confidence (dashed lines), using the Sobs Mao Tau estimator (n = 330 plots sampled; predicted richness = 12) (Colwelll 2005), in terms of the frog species in the plots sampled in the Atlantic Rainforest area of Serra das Torres, municipality of Atílio Vivacqua, State of Espírito Santo, south-eastern Brazil.
Data from: Adaptive radiation and ecological opportunity in Sulawesi and Philippine fanged frog (Limnonectes) communities.
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Data from: Impact of cane toads on a community of Australian native frogs, determined by 10 years of automated identification and logging of calling behaviour
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Data from: Ex situ diet influences the bacterial community associated with the skin of red-eyed tree frogs (Agalychnis callidryas)
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Figure 13 from: Vagmaker N, Pereira-Ribeiro J, Colombo Ferreguetti Á, Boazi A, Gama-Matos R, Bergallo HG, Duarte Rocha CF (2020) Structure of the leaf litter frog community in an area of Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil. Zoologia 37: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e38877
Figure 13 Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) showing the similarity of the leaf litter anuran community in two areas of the Duas Bocas Biological Reserve. The points represent the plots sampled in the two areas between October 2017 to September 2018, with the circles representing the plots arranged in the Alto Alegre area and the triangles representing the plots arranged in the Represa Velha area.
Figures 2-12 from: Vagmaker N, Pereira-Ribeiro J, Colombo Ferreguetti Á, Boazi A, Gama-Matos R, Bergallo HG, Duarte Rocha CF (2020) Structure of the leaf litter frog community in an area of Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil. Zoologia 37: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e38877
Figures 2-12 Species of anurans found in the Duas Bocas Biological Reserve, Cariacica, Espírito Santo: (2) Proceratophrys schirchi; (3) Rhinella crucifer; (4) Proceratophrys laticeps; (5) Euparkerella tridactyla; (6) Crossodactylus aff. gaudichaudii; (7) Ischnocnema oea; (8) Ischnocnema abdita; (9) Physalaemus crombiei; (10) Ololygon kautskyi; (11) Haddadus binotatus; (12) Zachaenus carvalhoi .
Figure 14 from: Vagmaker N, Pereira-Ribeiro J, Colombo Ferreguetti Á, Boazi A, Gama-Matos R, Bergallo HG, Duarte Rocha CF (2020) Structure of the leaf litter frog community in an area of Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil. Zoologia 37: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e38877
Figure 14 Density of forest leaf litter anurans by locality in the Duas Bocas Biological Reserve, Espírito Santo, Brazil. (Rh_cr) Rhinella crucifer, (Ha_bi) Haddadus binotatus, (Pr_sc) Proceratophrys schirchi, (Is_oe) Ischnocnema oea, (Ph_cr) Physalaemus crombiei, (Cr_ga) Crossodactylus gaudichaudii, (Pr_la) Proceratophrys laticeps, (Ol_ka) Ololygon kautskyi,(Eu_tr) Euparkerella tridactyla, (Is_ab) I. abdita, (Za_ca) Zachaenus carvalhoi.
Figure 1 from: Vagmaker N, Pereira-Ribeiro J, Colombo Ferreguetti Á, Boazi A, Gama-Matos R, Bergallo HG, Duarte Rocha CF (2020) Structure of the leaf litter frog community in an area of Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil. Zoologia 37: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e38877
Figure 1 Location of the Duas Bocas Biological Reserve, Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. The black lines show the two localities sampled (1 = Represa Velha Trail, 2 = Alto Alegre Trail). Gray lines represent the contour lines of the area.
Land use impacts poison frog chemical defenses through changes in leaf litter ant communities
<p>Much of the world's biodiversity is held within tropical rainforests, which are increasingly fragmented by agricultural practices. In these threatened landscapes, there are many organisms that acquire chemical defenses from their diet and are therefore intimately connected with their local food webs. Poison frogs (Family Dendrobatidae) are one such example, as they acquire alkaloid-based chemical defenses from their diet of leaf litter ants and mites. It is currently unknown how habitat fragmentation impacts chemical defense across trophic levels, from arthropods to frogs. We examined the chemical defenses and diets of the Diablito poison frog (Oophaga sylvatica), and the diversity of their leaf litter ant communities in secondary forest and reclaimed cattle pasture. Notably, this research was performed in collaboration with two high school science classrooms. We found that the leaf litter of forest and pasture frog habitats differed significantly in ant community structure. We also found that forest and pasture frogs differed significantly in diet and alkaloid profiles, where forest frogs contained more of specific alkaloids and ate more ants in both number and volume. Finally, ant species composition of frog diets resembled the surrounding leaf litter, but diets were less variable. This suggests that frogs tend to consume particular ant species within each habitat. To better understand how ants contribute to the alkaloid chemical profiles of frogs, we chemically profiled several ant species and found some alkaloids to be common across many ant species while others are restricted to a few species. Our experiments are the first to link anthropogenic land use changes to dendrobatid poison frog chemical defenses through variation in leaf litter communities, which has implications for conservation management of these threatened amphibians.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.