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443 results for “kangaroos”
Effects of Kangaroo Rat Mounds on Seed Banks of Grass and Shrublands at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (2001)
Disturbance is a major factor in determining the spatial structure and temporal dynamics of ecological systems. Many studies have been conducted concerning the plant assemblages around Dipodmys spectabilis mounds compared to the off mound area. These studies have shown that annual plant cover is higher on the kangaroo rat mound compared to off the mound. However, no studies have addressed the effects of these rodents disturbance on the soil seed bank. Soil seed banks are an important component of the plant community particularly in arid environments. Annual plants have been known to create viable seeds that remain dormant in the soil for many years making their seed bank a persistent one. A persistent seed bank allows for future recruitment of plants given favorable conditions that could have a dramatic impact on the overall species diversity of the community. We studied the seed bank of eight forb taxa to ask the following questions: 1) Are there more seeds in the seed bank around kangaroo rat mounds compared to other microhabitats? 2) Does the seed composition differ among the different microhabitats? 3) If the seed composition does differ, do specific physical components of microhabitats predict seed populations?
FIGURE 10 in Revision of Oligo-Miocene kangaroos, Ganawamaya and Nambaroo (Marsupialia: Macropodiformes, Balbaridae)
FIGURE 10. Strict consensus of 1580 most parsimonious trees (tree length = 578, consistency index = 0.36, retention index = 0.79) from parsimony analysis of the matrix containing 66 taxa and 120 characters, assessing the phylogenetic relationship of revised Ganawamaya (highlighted in bold). Numbers above represent bootstrap values while numbers below represent decay indices. Decay indices are prefaced with a plus sign.
FIGURE 9 in Revision of Oligo-Miocene kangaroos, Ganawamaya and Nambaroo (Marsupialia: Macropodiformes, Balbaridae)
FIGURE 9. Principal Component Analysis with convex hulls of log transformed measurements for upper (1) and lower (2) tooth measurements for Ganawamaya acris, Gan. couperi comb. nov., Gan. gillespieae comb. nov. and Gan. aediculis from the Riversleigh World Heritage Area and the Ngapakaldi Local Fauna (NLF)".
FIGURE 7 in Revision of Oligo-Miocene kangaroos, Ganawamaya and Nambaroo (Marsupialia: Macropodiformes, Balbaridae)
FIGURE 7. Bivariate plots of lower teeth: the third premolar (1) and the first to fourth molars (2-5) for specimens of Ganawamaya acris, Gan. couperi comb. nov., Gan. aediculis, Gan. gillespieae comb. nov., Nambaroo tarrinyeri, N. novus and N. saltavus from the Riversleigh World Heritage Area and the Ngapakaldi Local Fauna (NLF). Black squares represent specimens of Gan. couperi comb. nov. from NLF. Abbreviations: L, length; AW, anterior width; PW, posterior width; M1–M4, upper first to four premolar, P3, upper third premolar.
FIGURE 5 in Revision of Oligo-Miocene kangaroos, Ganawamaya and Nambaroo (Marsupialia: Macropodiformes, Balbaridae)
FIGURE 5. Lower third premolar of Ganawamaya aediculis holotype (QM F16843) in buccal view (1) and lingual view (2). Black arrows indicate each cuspid along the occlusal surface of the p3. Grey arrows indicate the additional sixth cuspid present below the occlusal margin.
FIGURE 6 in Revision of Oligo-Miocene kangaroos, Ganawamaya and Nambaroo (Marsupialia: Macropodiformes, Balbaridae)
FIGURE 6. Cast of lower dentition of Ganawamaya couperi comb. nov. (UCMP 57334) (1-3) and cast of upper dentition of Gan. couperi comb. nov. (UCMP 57340) (4-6) from the Ngapakaldi Local Fauna, South Australia. Right lateral view (1 and 4), left lateral view (2 and 5), and occlusal view (3 and 6). Abbreviations: C, canine, I1, first upper incisor; i1, first lower incisor, M1–M4, upper first to fourth molar; m1–m3, lower first to third molar, P3, upper third premolar; p3, lower third premolar.
FIGURE 2 in Revision of Oligo-Miocene kangaroos, Ganawamaya and Nambaroo (Marsupialia: Macropodiformes, Balbaridae)
FIGURE 2. Ganawamaya acris partial cranium (QM F31461) in left lateral view (1) and right lateral view (2). Abbreviations: as, alisphenoid; eam, exit of auditory meatus; ec, ectotympanic; fr, frontal; ioc, infraorbital canal; iof, infraorbital foramen; ju, jugal; lac, lacrimal; M1–M4, upper first to fourth molar; ma, mastoid; map, mastoid process; mx, maxilla; oc, occipital; P3, upper third premolar; pa, parietal; pal, palatine; pgp, postglenoid process; pop, paroccipital process; sof, sphenorbital fissure; sq, squamosal.
FIGURE 3 in Revision of Oligo-Miocene kangaroos, Ganawamaya and Nambaroo (Marsupialia: Macropodiformes, Balbaridae)
FIGURE 3. Occlusal view of lower dentary and line drawing of first molar for juvenile (1), adult (2), worn adult (3) specimens of a single species from Faunal Zone B; and line drawings for juvenile m1 (4), adult m1 (5), and worn adult m1 (6). The specimens were previously attributed to 1, Nambaroo sp. 4; 2, Nambaroo sp. 2 by Cooke (1997c) and 3, Ganawamaya acris Cooke (1992). Abbreviations: co, cristid obliqua; end, entoconid; hc, hypocingulid; hyd, hypoconid; i1, lower incisor; p3, third premolar; m1–m4, lower molars one to four; med, metaconid; phc, posthypocristid, prd, protoconid.
FIGURE 4 in Revision of Oligo-Miocene kangaroos, Ganawamaya and Nambaroo (Marsupialia: Macropodiformes, Balbaridae)
FIGURE 4. Ganawamaya aediculis partial cranium (QM F58658) in ventral view (1) and left lateral view (2). Abbreviations: I1, first upper incisor; ioc, infraorbital canal; iof, infraorbital foramen; M1–M4, upper first to fourth molar; mx, maxilla; P3, upper third premolar; pmx, premaxilla.
FIGURE 1 in Revision of Oligo-Miocene kangaroos, Ganawamaya and Nambaroo (Marsupialia: Macropodiformes, Balbaridae)
FIGURE 1. Ganawamaya acris partial cranium (QM F31461) in dorsal view (1); ventral view (2); posterior view (3); and line drawing of dentition in occlusal view (4). Abbreviations: as, alisphenoid; eam, exit of auditory meatus; fm, foramen magnum; gf, glenoid fossa; ju, jugal; M1–M4, upper first to fourth molar; maf, mastoid foramen on the mastoid-squamosal suture; map, mastoid process; mcl, metaconule; me, metacone; mp, maxillopalatine fenestra; mx, maxilla; nc, nuchal crest; oc, occipital; P3, upper third premolar; pa, parietal; pac, paracone; pal, palatine; pgp, postglenoid process; pop, paroccipital process; pomc, postmetacrista; pomclc, postmetaconule crista; popac, postparacrista; poprc, postprotocrista; pr, protocone; prpac, preparacrista; sq, squamosal; StC, stylar cusp C; zes, zygomatic epitympanic sinus.
FIGURE 8 in Revision of Oligo-Miocene kangaroos, Ganawamaya and Nambaroo (Marsupialia: Macropodiformes, Balbaridae)
FIGURE 8. Bivariate plots of upper teeth: the third premolar (1) and the first to fourth molars (2-5) for specimens of Ganawamaya acris, Gan. aediculis, Gan. gillespieae comb. nov. and Gan. couperi comb. nov. from the Riversleigh World Heritage Area and the Ngapakaldi Local Fauna (NLF). Black squares represent specimens from NLF. Abbreviations: L, length; AW, anterior width; PW, posterior width; M1–M4, upper first to four premolar; P3, upper third premolar.
Fig. 5 in A retrospective study of Babesia macropus associated with morbidity and mortality in eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) and agile wallabies (Macropus agilis)
Fig. 5. Phylogenetic tree of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) gene sequences of eastern grey kangaroo and agile wallaby Babesia and other piroplasm hsp70 sequences in the GenBank nucleotide database. For each sequence, the GenBank GI number is followed by the species name. The representative Babesia isolates from eastern grey kangaroos and an agile wallaby in this study are shown with a - and a ♦ respectively. The evolutionary history was inferred using the Maximum Likelihood method based on the TamuraNei model (Tamura and Nei, 1993). The tree with the highest log likelihood (−6290.3774) is shown. Initial tree for the heuristic search was obtained automatically as follows. When the number of common sites was <100 or less than one fourth of the total number of sites, the maximum parsimony method was used; otherwise, BIONJ method with MCL distance matrix was used. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per nucleotide. All positions containing gaps and missing data were eliminated. There are limited data available on this locus within the public data repositories and as such there is some lack of consistency with the 18S ribosomal RNA tree.
Fig. 4 in A retrospective study of Babesia macropus associated with morbidity and mortality in eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) and agile wallabies (Macropus agilis)
Fig. 4. Phylogenetic tree of 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene sequences of eastern grey kangaroo and agile wallaby Babesia and other piroplasms that are in the GenBank nucleotide database. For each sequence, the GenBank GI number is followed by the species name. The representative Babesia isolates from eastern grey kangaroos and an agile wallaby in this study are shown with a - and a ♦ respectively. Evolutionary history was inferred using the Maximum Likelihood method based on the Tamura 3-parameter model. The tree with the highest log likelihood (−1820.5242) is shown. Initial tree for the heuristic search was obtained automatically as follows. When the number of common sites was <100 or less than one fourth of the total number of sites, the maximum parsimony method was used; otherwise, BIONJ method with MCL distance matrix was used. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site. The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per nucleotide. All positions containing gaps and missing data were eliminated. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA6 (Tamura et al., 2011).
Fig. 1 in A retrospective study of Babesia macropus associated with morbidity and mortality in eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) and agile wallabies (Macropus agilis)
Fig. 1. Map showing the distribution of the 38 cases of Babesia infection in eastern grey kangaroos in coastal New South Wales and southeastern Queensland over the period 1995–2013. Insert also shows the two locations of the three cases identified in agile wallabies in northern Queensland in 2009 and 2013. The locations of cases were converted to GPS coordinates and mapped using GPS Visualizer on 21/05/2014 (www.gpsvisualizer.com).
Fig. 3 in Reproductive strategies of the kangaroo leech, Marsupiobdella africana (Glossiphoniidae)
Fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs of a Marsupiobdella africana spermatophore: (a) proximal region showing the attachment disk attachment fibres; (b) spermatophore showing smooth surface of the two 'side by side' germinal lobes and; (c) distal horn. Scale bars: a, 50 μm; b, 100 μm; c, 20 μm.
Fig. 3 in A retrospective study of Babesia macropus associated with morbidity and mortality in eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) and agile wallabies (Macropus agilis)
Fig. 3. Transmission electron micrographs showing the intravascular location and structure of Babesia organisms in the kidney and brain of eastern grey kangaroos. (A) Kidney, the cytoplasm of two adjacent erythrocytes contains Babesia merozoites (arrows) with a membrane-bound nucleus (N) and cytoplasm containing polymorphic vacuoles and some electron dense particles (C) (scale bar = 1.0 μm). (B) Brain, adjacent to an intact erythrocyte and the nucleus of an endothelial cell is a cluster of extraerythrocytic Babesia organisms containing electron dense micronemes and developing pellicles (arrows) (scale bar = 2.0 μm). (C) Brain, within the capillary lumen is a cluster of eight or nine extraerythrocytic organisms (thick arrow) and a distorted erythrocyte (thin arrow) containing four intracytoplasmic parasites (scale bar = 5.0 μm).
Fig. 2 in Reproductive strategies of the kangaroo leech, Marsupiobdella africana (Glossiphoniidae)
Fig. 2. Microscope images of Marsupiobdella africana: (a) mature leech with a spermatophore implanted on the dorsal surface; (b) micrograph of a spermatophore firmly attached to a leech; (c) cross section through a spermatophore showing the two lobes; (d) histological cross section of a leech at the position of the spermatophore attachment; (e) histological section through the spermatophore contents that have been transferred into a leech; (f) light micrograph of a gravid leech with the brood pouch heavily swollen; (g) light micrograph showing young that are being discharged from the brood pouch; (h) sagittal section through the brood pouch containing several developing young. Abbreviations: as, attachment site; em, embryo; mp, marsupial pouch opening; sc, spermatophore contents; sp; sperm; sr, spermatophore; td, transfer duct. Scale bars: a, b, f and g, 500 μm; c and e, 20 μm; d, 200 μm; h, 250 μm.
Fig. 1 in Reproductive strategies of the kangaroo leech, Marsupiobdella africana (Glossiphoniidae)
Fig. 1. Light micrographs of (a) two Clawed Frogs Xenopus laevis infected with Kangaroo Leeches Marsupiobdella africana; (b) leeches on the legs of a Cape River Crab Potamonautes perlatus; and (c) two Kangaroo Leeches copulating.
Fig. 2 in A retrospective study of Babesia macropus associated with morbidity and mortality in eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) and agile wallabies (Macropus agilis)
Fig. 2. Photomicrographs showing the forms of Babesia seen in cytological preparations and tissue sections in macropods. (A) Agile wallaby. Giemsa stained peripheral blood smear showing extraerythrocytic zoites (thin arrow) and merozoites (thick arrow) within an intact erythrocyte. (B) Eastern grey kangaroo. Diff-Quik-stained renal impression smear demonstrating 2 or 4 merozoites within intact erythrocytes (thick arrows) and clusters of extraerythrocytic zoites (thin arrows). (C) Eastern grey kangaroo. DiffQuik-stained brain squash preparation showing large clusters of intravascular zoites (arrows). (D) Eastern grey kangaroo. H&E stained section of kidney glomerulus showing merozoites within intact erythrocytes (thick arrows) and as large extraerythrocytic clusters of zoites (thin arrows). All scale bars = 20 μm.
Fig. 1 in Observation of a novel Babesia spp. in Eastern Grey Kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) in Australia
Fig. 1. Photomicrograph of a blood smear from an Eastern Grey kangaroo stained with Giemsa and showing the presence of Babesia species merozoites. Bar = 10 µm.
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