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41 results for “leaf phenology”
Leaf and Flower Phenology of Woody Plant Species at Harvard Forest and Southern Quebec 2015
Accurate predictions of spring plant phenology with climate change are critical for projections of growing seasons, plant communities and a number of ecosystem services, including carbon storage. Progress towards prediction, however, has been slow because the major cues known to drive phenology – temperature (including winter chilling and spring forcing) and photoperiod – generally covary in nature and may interact, making accurate predictions of plant responses to climate change complex and nonlinear. Alternatively, recent work suggests many species may be dominated by one cue, which would make predictions much simpler. Here, we manipulated all three cues across 28 woody species from two North American forests. Study sites were Harvard Forest and St. Hipplolyte, Quebec. Species were selected for this study based on their prevalence at the study sites; 28 species are included in this study. At each site, multiple cuttings of six or more representative individuals were collected. In total, we tracked the phenology of 2,137 cuttings from 275 individual source plants. All species responded to all cues examined. Chilling exerted a strong effect, especially on budburst (-15.8 d), with responses to forcing and photoperiod greatest for leafout (-19.1 and -11.2 d, respectively). Interactions between chilling and forcing suggest that each cue may compensate somewhat for the other. Cues varied across species, leading to staggered leafout within each community and supporting the idea that phenology is a critical aspect of species’ temporal niches. Our results suggest that predicting the spring phenology of communities will be difficult, as all species we studied could have complex, nonlinear responses to future warming.
Plant Atlas 2020 — British and Irish phenological data (flowering and leafing ranges)
<p>Plant Atlas 2020 is the most comprehensive survey of plants (flowering plants, ferns and charophytes) ever undertaken in Britain and Ireland. It is based on over 30 million records, collected mainly by volunteer recorders of the Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland (BSBI) between 2000 and 2019, as well as previous nationwide surveys undertaken in the 1950s and 1990s. This resource provides the data behind the phenological diagrams (flowering and leafing) presented on the Plant Atlas 2020 website (<a href="http://www.plantatlas2020.org"><span>www.plantatlas2020.org</span></a><span>) and in the <em>Plant Atlas 2020</em> book. </span><span>Note that for non-flowering plants included in the atlas (e.g. ferns, horsetails etc.), the “flowering” fields in the phenology file included here are equivalent to the months when spore-bearing structures are visible.</span></p>
Toolik Lake 2011 common garden leaf length phenology 2015-2016 Alaska
Data on Eriophorum vaginatum leaf length collected from a common garden established at Toolik Lake in 2011 with tussocks from No Name Creek, Coldfoot, Eagle Creek, Toolik Lake, Sagwon, and Prudhoe Bay. Data collected during the growing seasons of 2015 and 2016. Results published in Parker, T. C., J. Tang, M. B. Clark, M. M. Moody, and N. Fetcher. 2017. Ecotypic differences in the phenology of the tundra species Eriophorum vaginatum reflect sites of origin. Ecology and Evolution 7: 9775-9786. doi: 10.1002/ece3.3445
Flower and Leaf Phenology of Interior Alaska Forbs and Shrubs as Observed Near Fairbanks Alaska from 2013-2015
This dataset contains the dates of phenological phases for leaves and flowers of 42 species of forbs and shrubs (2 subspecies of one species) observed throughout the growing season in 2013, 2014 and 2015. Data were collected in three general areas: in the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest, on the University of Alaska Fairbanks Campus, and in the woods near Pearl Creek Elementary School. Species are classified by origin (native or non-native), growth form (forb, dwarf shrub, or tall shrub), leaf habit (deciduous, wintergreen or evergreen), plant life history (annual, biennial, or perennial), and habitat (black spruce forest, mixed deciduous / coniferous forest, or disturbed habitat).
Spring and Fall Leaf Phenology from Coweeta LTER Soil Moisture Sites SM2 & SM4, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, NC, 2003-2015
Spring vegetative bud break, leaf elongation, fall leaf color, and leaf senescence are monitored at the two scaffold towers located at Project 1040 soil moisture microclimate sites 2 and 4. We have identified a variety of species at the elevation extremes within the Coweeta basin for this yearly monitoring project.
Ground observations of spring leaf emergence phenology at eight sites in and near the Coweeta basin (2011-2012).
This study was conducted to evaluate the utility of satellite data from the MODIS sensor to predict the timing of spring leaf emergence in the Southern Appalachians. Eight ground sampling sites were established on square plots (231 x 231 meters) that corresponded to the dimensions of MODIS satellite pixels. Each site was visited approximately every other day and observations on the status of leaf emergence in the canopy and understory were collected at 30 subsampling points within each site. Observations consisted of visual estimates of leaf emergence status on marked trees and shrubs, as well as digital photographs of the canopy and understory taken from consistent locations at each subsampling point.
Data from: Invertebrate phenology modulates the effect of the leaf economics spectrum on litter decomposition rate across 41 subtropical woody plant species
<ol> <li>Litter quality and decomposers are critical to carbon and nutrient cycling through litter decomposition. However, how relationships between litter quality and invertebrate detritivores change litter mass loss through time is poorly known. Species' initial leaf litter quality, as a legacy of their position on the "leaf economics spectrum" (LES), may determine the invertebrate contribution to litter mass loss. This contribution may change through time, as both population peaks of invertebrate detritivores and litter quality of given species will change through time.</li> <li>Here we introduce invertebrate phenology into a conceptual model of drivers of litter mass loss. We hypothesized that in the early decomposition period, LES can predict litter decomposability with or without a strong invertebrate contribution, i.e., litter with higher nutrient content would decompose faster. But in the later decomposition period, when higher quality litter will already have decomposed too much and lower quality litters have still been less degraded, a strong invertebrate peak would coincide with relatively more consumption of initially lower quality litters; this would lead to a hump-back relationship between leaf litter mass loss and initial LES position in this period.</li> <li>We tested our hypothesis through a one-year field decomposition experiment using leaf litter of 41 woody species in each of two sites in subtropical forest in China; only one of these sites had a strong late peak of leaf litter-feeding moth larvae in the litter layer.</li> <li>LES score of litter species had a positive linear relationship with litter mass loss before the key invertebrate consumer peaks in the litter layer. However, with the invertebrates peaking later into the decomposition process, the invertebrate consumption peaked at initially lower quality litters, which altered the species' decomposability trajectory on the LES, consistent with the hypothesized hump-back relationship between leaf litter mass loss and LES. This phenomenon resulted in a strongly reduced slope of cumulative mass loss on initial LES score across species.</li> <li>Our finding highlights the importance of considering interactions between the timing of detritivore activities and the timing of litter quality for better understanding the relationships between soil animals and ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycling.</li> </ol>
The timing of leaf senescence relates to flowering phenology and functional traits in 17 herbaceous species along elevational gradients
1. Leaf senescence is a major event in a plant's life history as autumn marks the end of the growing season. The optimal timing of leaf senescence is crucial to both, minimize risks of low temperature events and maximize carbon gain during the growing season. As abiotic conditions are currently changing at unprecedented rates, it is important to study how leaf senescence of different species is responding to these changes in order to forecast future growing season length and carbon sequestration potentials. In contrast to flowering phenology, data on autumn events is scarce and even more so for herbaceous than for woody plants, thus more information on this phenological stage is urgently needed. 2. We studied leaf senescence of 632 populations from 17 herbaceous species located along elevational gradients. We focussed on the beginning (5% of the population senesce, LS5) and peak (50% senesce, LS50) of leaf senescence. To see whether we can predict species-specific changes, we studied the link between LS5 and LS50 and flowering phenology as well as leaf functional traits related to plant performance. We looked at first and last flowering day and flowering duration as well as the traits specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, area based leaf nitrogen and carbon content, carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C), and the stomatal pore area index. 3. We found species-specific slopes of the beginning of leaf senescence along the elevational gradient. The peak of leaf senescence was uniformly delayed with increasing elevation across all species. Flowering phenology as well as leaf functional traits had a close relationship with leaf senescence and thus can be used to forecast species-specific responses to changes in abiotic conditions. High SLA and high leaf nitrogen were related to earlier senescence while high LDMC, high Δ13C and high SPI to later senescence. 4. Synthesis: The link between senescence, flowering phenology and plant functional traits will help to fine-tune predictions of future growing season length and ecosystem function. To date, most analyses are based on spring phenology and traits, for which data is more abundant than data on autumn senescence.
Data from: Local environment, not local adaptation, drives leaf-out phenology in common gardens along an elevational gradient in Acadia National Park, Maine
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Climate-driven changes in phenology are substantially affecting ecological relationships and ecosystem processes. The role of variation among species has received particular attention; for example, variation among species' phenological responses to climate can disrupt trophic interactions and can influence plant performance. Variation within species in phenological responses to climate, however, has received much less attention, despite its potential role in ecological interactions and local adaptation to climate change. METHODS: We constructed three common gardens across an elevation gradient on Cadillac Mountain in Acadia National Park, Maine to test population-level responses in leaf-out phenology in a reciprocal transplant experiment. The experiment included three native species: low bush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium), sheep's laurel (Kalmia angustifolia), and three-toothed cinquefoil (Sibbaldiopsis tridentata). KEY RESULTS: Evidence for local adaptation of phenological response to temperature varied among the species, but was weak for all three. Rather, variation in phenological response to temperature appeared to be driven by local microclimate at each garden site and year-to-year variation in temperature. CONCLUSIONS: Population-level adaptations in leaf-out phenology appear to be relatively unimportant for these species in Acadia National Park, perhaps a reflection of strong genetic mixing across elevations, or weak differences in selection on phenological response to spring temperatures at different elevations. These results concur with other observational data in Acadia and highlight the utility of experimental approaches to understand the importance of annual and local site variation in affecting phenology both among and within plant species.
Modelled past autumn leaf phenology of deciduous trees
<p> </p> <p><span>Autumn leaf phenology (i.e. leaf colouring or leaf senescence) marks the end of the growing season, during which trees assimilate atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>. Since autumn leaf phenology responds to climatic conditions, climate change affects the length of the growing season. Thus, autumn phenology is often modelled to assess possible climate change effects on future CO<sub>2</sub> mitigating capacities and species compositions of forests.</span></p> <p><span>Here, we give access to the entire dataset of modelled autumn phenology analyzed in Meier and Bigler (2023). The data was derived from >2.3 million model calibration runs according to 21 such models, 5 optimization algorithms, ≥7 sampling procedures, and 26 climate model chains from two representative concentration pathways. Calibration and validation were based on >45 000 observations for common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.), and European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) from 500 Central European sites each.</span></p> <p><span>Cite as </span><span>Meier, M., & Bigler, C. (2023). Process-oriented models of autumn leaf phenology: Ways to sound calibration and implications of uncertain projections. <em>Geoscientific Model Development</em>, <em>16</em>(23), 7171–7201. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7171-2023</span></p>
Projected future autumn leaf phenology of deciduous trees
<p><span>Autumn leaf phenology (i.e. leaf colouring or leaf senescence) marks the end of the growing season, during which trees assimilate atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>. Since autumn leaf phenology responds to climatic conditions, climate change affects the length of the growing season. Thus, autumn phenology is often modelled to assess possible climate change effects on future CO<sub>2</sub> mitigating capacities and species compositions of forests.</span></p> <p><span>Here, we give access to the entire dataset of projected autumn phenology analyzed in Meier and Bigler (2023). The data was derived from different combinations of 21 process-oriented phenology models, 5 optimization algorithms, ≥7 sampling procedures, and 26 climate model chains from two representative concentration pathways. The dataset contains the average autumn phenology per site and for the years 2080-2099 according to each combination that led to a successful calibration. Calibration and validation were based on >45 000 observations for common beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica L.</em>), pedunculate oak (<em>Quercus robur L.</em>), and European larch (<em>Larix decidua Mill</em>.) from 500 Central European sites each.</span></p> <p><span>Cite as Meier, M., & Bigler, C. (2023). Process-oriented models of autumn leaf phenology: Ways to sound calibration and implications of uncertain projections. <em>Geoscientific Model Development</em>, 16(23), 7171–7201. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7171-2023</span></p>
Solar Radiation Triggers the Bimodal Leaf Phenology of Central African Evergreen Broadleaved Forests
<p>The data for the paper titled 'Solar Radiation Triggers the Bimodal Leaf Phenology of Central African Evergreen Broadleaved Forests'.</p>
Age and phenology control photosynthesis and leaf traits in the understory woody species, Rhamnus cathartica and Prunus serotina
<p>Dataset contains leaf physiological variables and leaf traits from Rhamnus cathartica (buckthorn) and Prunus serotina (Black cherry) measured in Summer 2019 at Macalester College's Ordway Field Station. All data were collected on understory individuals from 4 sites within the forest in late May and early July, 2019. We sampled from 'tree' individuals and seedlings of both species. All methods and measurement protocols are published in Heskel et al. 2022 in <em>AoB-PLANTS</em>, currently in revision.</p> <p>Data includes: <br> Vcmax (umol m2-s-1)</p> <p>Jmax (umol m2-s-1)</p> <p>Fv/Fm (no units)</p> <p>Leaf Stomatal Density (stomata mm-2)</p> <p>Dark respiration (umol m2-s-1)</p> <p>Asat (umol m2-s-1)</p> <p>A400 (umol m2-s-1)</p> <p>Carbon Gain Efficiency (CGE, no units)</p> <p>CGE_400 (CGE at 400 PAR, no units)</p> <p>Leaf Mass per Are (LMA, g m-2)</p> <p> </p>
PHENOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF RESOURCES OFFERED TO LEAF HERBIVORES IN RESTINGA COMMUNITIES
<p>Dataset from the second chapter of the doctoral thesis entitled “HERBIVORY PATTERNS, ANTI-HERBIVORY DEFENSES AND INSECT GUILD OCCURRENCE IN ATLANTIC FOREST COMMUNITIES.” </p>
Parameters of leaf phenology for North American forests
<p>Leaf phenology regulates multiple aspects of plant vital activities and provides feedback to climate change. Despite its importance, an effective parameterization method to predict continental-scale leaf phenology has been elusive. Here, we developed a new parameterization method using local climatic conditions instead of species or plant function types to calibrate the phenology parameters of forests. We provided the parameters of phenology include: the effective temperature threshold (TA) to determine spring phenology (i.e. start of the season; SOS); the critical heat threshold (SA) to determine SOS; the effective temperature threshold (TB) to determine autumn phenology (i.e. end of the season; EOS); the effective photoperiod threshold (Pstart) to determine EOS, and the critical chilling threshold (SB) to determine EOS.</p>
Data from: Seasonality in the equatorial tropics: Flower, fruit and leaf phenology of montane trees in the highlands of southwest Uganda
<p>Phenology influences many forest functions and can inform forest conservation and management, yet representative phenological data for most common tropical forest tree species remain sparse or absent. Between June 2011 and December 2013, we investigated flowering, fruiting and leafing patterns in the Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, a montane forest located near the equator in Uganda, drawing on 16,410 observations of 530 trees of 54 species located between 2,066 and 2,527 m in elevation. The park's climate is equatorial with two wet and dry seasons each year. Flowering and fruiting were strongly seasonal while patterns in leafing were less pronounced. Flower occurrence peaked at the beginning of the short dry season followed by a pronounced trough during the beginning and the middle of the short wet season. Fruit occurrence had a pronounced peak during high rainfall months in March through April with most fruits ripening during drier months in May through July. Fruit scarcity was observed for a 4-month period spanning September to December and most flushing of leaves noted at the end of the wet season in November and December. Our binomial generalised linear mixed models (GLMM) indicated that flowering and fruiting were negatively associated with temperature and that leafing activity was positively associated with rainfall and temperature. These findings are consistent with the insolation- and water-limitation hypotheses suggesting that the seasonally varying availability of resources such as light, water and nutrients determines these phenological patterns. Ideally, prolonged, multi-year community-level studies would be supported so as to better characterise the influence of climate and of climate variability.</p>
Interspecific variation in leaf phenology and its relationship with plant traits in a seasonal tropical forest
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Data from: Local environment, not local adaptation, drives leaf-out phenology in common gardens along an elevational gradient in Acadia National Park, Maine
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The timing of leaf senescence relates to flowering phenology and functional traits in 17 herbaceous species along elevational gradients
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Data from: Variation in seed traits, leaf phenology and growth performance among sessile oak provenances from Baden-Württemberg and Alsace
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