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44 results for “negotiators”
MERICS China Podcast: Negotiating in China, with Jörg Wuttke
<p>In this episode of the MERICS China Podcast, <strong>Jörg Wuttke </strong>talks about negotiations in China. Wuttke has more than 25 years of experience as Chief Representative of the German chemicals company BASF in Beijing. In conversation with MERICS Director Communications and Publications <strong>Claudia Wessling</strong>, the former President of the European Chamber of Commerce in China shares intriguing stories about learning Sun Tzu's "The Art of War" in negotiations stretching over nearly 200 rounds. He also explains why sometimes enduring silence might be the best approach. And he reveals who he thinks was the most authentic politician to negotiate with Beijing.</p>
Brightness cues affect gap negotiation behaviour in zebra finches
<p>Flying animals have had to evolve robust and effective guidance strategies for dealing with habitat clutter. Birds and insects use optic flow cues to sense and avoid obstacles, but orchid bees have also been shown to use brightness cues during gap negotiation. Brightness cues might therefore be of general importance in structuring visually guided flight. To test the hypothesis that brightness cues affect gap negotiation behaviours in birds, we presented captive zebra finches <em>Taeniopygia guttata</em> with a symmetric or asymmetric background brightness distribution on the other side of a tunnel. The background brightness conditions influenced both the birds' decision to enter the tunnel aperture, and their flight direction upon exit. Zebra finches were more likely to initiate flight through the tunnel if they could see a bright background through it; they were also more likely to fly to the bright side upon exiting. We found no evidence of the centring response that would be expected if optic flow cues were balanced bilaterally during gap negotiation. Instead, the birds entered the tunnel by targeting a clearance of approximately one wing length from its near edge. Brightness cues therefore affect how zebra finches structure their flight when negotiating gaps in enclosed environments.</p>
Negotiating mutualism: a locus for exploitation by rhizobia has a broad effect size distribution and context-dependent effects on legume hosts
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>In mutualisms, variation at genes determining partner fitness provides the raw material upon which coevolutionary selection acts, setting the dynamics and pace of coevolution. However, we know little about variation in the effects of genes that underlie symbiotic fitness in natural mutualist populations. In some species of legumes that form root nodule symbioses with nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteria, hosts secrete nodule-specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides that cause rhizobia to differentiate in the nodule environment. However, rhizobia can cleave NCR peptides through the expression of genes like the plasmid-borne <em>Host range restriction peptidase</em> (<em>hrrP</em>), whose product degrades target NCR peptides. Although <em>hrrP</em> activity can confer host exploitation by depressing host fitness and enhancing symbiont fitness, the effects of <em>hrrP </em>on symbiosis phenotypes depend strongly on the genotypes of the interacting partners. However, the effects of <em>hrrP</em> have yet to be characterized in a natural population context, so its contribution to variation in wild mutualist populations is unknown. To understand the distribution of effects of <em>hrrP</em> in wild rhizobia, we measured mutualism phenotypes conferred by <em>hrrP</em> in 12 wild <em>Ensifer medicae </em>strains. To evaluate context dependency of <em>hrrP</em> effects, we compared <em>hrrP</em> effects across two <em>Medicago polymorpha</em> host genotypes and across two experimental years for five <em>E. medicae </em>strains. We show for the first time in a natural population context that <em>hrrP</em> has a wide distribution of effect sizes for many mutualism traits, ranging from strongly positive to strongly negative. Furthermore, we show that <em>hrrP</em> effect size varies across both host genotype and experiment year, suggesting that researchers should be cautious about extrapolating the role of genes in natural populations from controlled laboratory studies of single genetic variants.</span></p>
Negotiating mutualism: a locus for exploitation by rhizobia has a broad effect size distribution and context-dependent effects on legume hosts
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Brightness cues affect gap negotiation behaviour in zebra finches
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Avoiding 3D obstacles in mixed reality: Does it differ from negotiating real obstacles?
<p>This dataset is used in "Avoiding 3D obstacles in mixed reality: Does it differ from negotiating real obstacles?". Mixed-reality technologies are evolving rapidly, allowing for gradually more realistic interaction with digital content while moving freely in real-world environments. In this study, we examined the suitability of the Microsoft HoloLens mixed-reality headset for creating locomotor interactions in real-world environments enriched with 3D holographic obstacles. In Experiment 1, we compared obstacle-avoidance maneuvers of 12 participants stepping over either real or holographic obstacles of different heights and depths. Participants’ avoidance maneuvers were recorded with three spatially and temporally integrated Kinect v2 sensors. Similar to real obstacles, holographic obstacles elicited obstacle-avoidance maneuvers that scaled with obstacle dimensions. However, some participants showed maladaptive obstacle-avoidance maneuvers to holographic obstacles by consistently failing to raise their trail foot or by crossing the obstacle with extreme margins. In Experiment 2, we examined the efficacy of mixed-reality video feedback in altering such maladaptive avoidance maneuvers. Participants quickly adjusted maladaptive maneuvers in the course of mixed-reality feedback trials and these improvements were largely retained in subsequent trials without feedback. Participant-specific differences in real and holographic obstacle avoidance notwithstanding, the present results suggest that 3D holographic obstacles, supplemented with mixed-reality feedback, may be used for studying and perhaps also training 3D obstacle avoidance.</p>
Inter-imperial negotiation and heritage: Moving objects, people, ideas
<p>This interactive map was created based on the correspondence exchanged between and by Dimitrie Papazoglu, private collector in 19th century Wallachia, and Alexandru Odobescu, Commissioner General for the Romanian Pavilion at the 1867 Paris Universal Exhibition. The letters that Papazoglu and Odobescu exchanged either with each other or with other interlocutors, map the circulation of ideas, objects, and add depth to the nationalism and inter-imperiality context. Here heritage is constructed, selected, instrumentalized for national branding. The archival documents used come from the National Archives of Romania, the National Library and the Romanian Academy Library, Manuscript section. </p>
Quantifying leadership in climate negotiations: a social power game
<p>This repository contains the datasets and code for the paper "<i>Quantifying leadership in climate negotiations: a social power game</i>" by Carmela Bernardo, Lingfei Wang, Mathias Fridahl, and Claudio Altafini published in <i>PNAS Nexus</i> in 2023. </p><p> </p>
Power and punishment influence negotiations over parental care
Asymmetries in power, the ability to influence the outcome of conflict, are ubiquitous in social interactions because interacting individuals are rarely identical. It is well-documented that asymmetries in power influence the outcome of reproductive conflict in social groups. Yet power asymmetries have received little attention in the context of negotiations between caring parents, which is surprising given that parents are often markedly different in size. Here we built on an existing negotiation model to examine how power and punishment influence negotiations over care. We incorporated power asymmetry by allowing the more powerful parent, rank 1, to inflict punishment on the less powerful parent, rank 2. We then determined when punishment will be favored by selection and how it would affect the negotiated behavioral response of each parent. We found that with power and punishment, a reduction in one parent's effort results in partial compensation by the other parent. However, the degree of compensation is asymmetric: the rank 2 compensates more than the rank 1. As a result, the fitness of rank 1 increases and the fitness of rank 2 decreases, relative to the original negotiation model. Furthermore, because power and punishment enable one parent to extract greater effort from the other, offspring can do better, i.e. receive more total effort, when there is power and punishment involved in negotiations over care. These results reveal how power and punishment alter the outcome of conflict between parents and affect offspring, providing insights into the evolutionary consequences of exerting power in negotiations.
Negotiations Over Parental Care: A Test of Alternative Hypotheses in the Clown Anemonefish
<p>In species with biparental care, conflict arises over how much each parent provides to their offspring because both parents benefit from shifting the burden of care to the other. Here, we tested alternative hypotheses for how parents will negotiate offspring care using a wild population of clownfish (Amphiprion percula). We experimentally handicapped parents by fin-clipping the female in 23 groups, the male in 23 groups, and neither parent in 23 groups and measured changes in indicators of female, male, and pair effort in response to handicapping. First, we found that handicapping resulted in a decrease in the number of eggs laid by fin-clipped females and a decrease in the amount of parental care by fin-clipped males. Second, contrary to predictions, female effort did not change in response to the male being handicapped, or vice versa. Finally, the number of embryos that matured to hatching, an indicator of pair effort, was not influenced by the manipulation, suggesting that although the handicap was effective, clownfish do not face the predicted "cost to conflict" when one parent is handicapped. Together, these results test the generality of theoretical predictions and uncover novel questions about whether and how negotiations operate in systems where interests are aligned.</p>
Data for: Repeatable negotiation rules? only females show repeatable response to partner removal in a brood-provisioning songbird
<p>Theoretical models indicate that the evolution of biparental care depends on how parents behaviorally negotiate their level of care in response to those of their partner and whether sexes and individuals consistently vary in their response (compensatory response). While compensatory response has been widely investigated empirically, its repeatability has rarely been assessed. In this study, we used a reaction norm approach to investigate the repeatability of the compensatory offspring provisioning of a parent after temporary removal of its partner in the pied flycatcher (<em>Ficedula hypoleuca</em>) across different breeding seasons and partners. We found that only females partially compensated for the short-term removal of the partner and their response was significantly repeatable across years while breeding with different partners. This study highlights the importance of considering among individual differences in negotiation rules to better understand the role of negotiation mechanisms in the evolution of parental care strategies.</p>
Barcovid Negotiator Survey
<p>The <em>Barcovid Negotiator Survey</em>, is part of the wider BARCOVID project, which studies the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on collective bargaining in Europe. To analyze the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the renewal process of collective agreements in Europe, the BARCOVID project developed and fielded an international survey conducted among negotiators and signatories of collective bargaining agreements in five European countries. The survey was conducted to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on industrial relations. An online questionnaire was created using Qualtrics, and fieldwork was conducted between January 16 and March 10 2023. The survey questions were designed to understand the renewal process of CBAs during the pandemic and the wider implications of the pandemic on relations between social partners.</p> <p>To gather respondents, the Barcovid team identified the signatory parties—both employee and employer organizations—for all collective agreements listed in the CBA Database for Austria, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and Spain. The survey encompassed 180 negotiators involved in 124 different agreements spread across these five nations. The survey results offer substantial insights into the CBA renewal process during the pandemic, highlighting the effects of COVID-19 on labor negotiation dynamics. The data indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic did not fundamentally change the process of collective bargaining in the countries under study. Although negotiators attribute substantial impact to the pandemic and often perceive it to have made reaching an agreement more difficult, they also report remarkable levels of stability and continuity regarding the negotiations process (format, topics and outcomes) and the wider industrial relations climate.</p> <p>This is an anonymized version of the dataset, without personal or organizational identifiers, and without open answers.</p>
Artifact Demonstration Video for Negotiating Autonomy in Cyber-Physical Systems at Run Time
<p>This artifact demonstration video shows a novel approach to dynamically negotiate autonomy in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). As CPS become increasingly integrated into our daily lives, sharing autonomy between human operators and autonomous agents within these systems becomes a critical issue. Business case developers also face the design and integration of CPS. Our research presents a novel architecture and methodology that seamlessly enables this sharing of autonomy. We aim to encourage business case developers to consider autonomic CPS. The video provides an insightful overview of our approach and highlights its practicality. It illustrates how our system enables business case developers to back CPS with a mechanism to negotiate and share autonomy at runtime. Our artifact demonstration video is not only a good opportunity to visually grasp the concept of negotiating autonomy in CPS, but also to experience the practical implementation of this approach. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and anyone interested in understanding the future of sharing autonomy in the context of cyber-physical systems.</p>
Sideways maneuvers enable narrow aperture negotiation by free-flying hummingbirds
<p>Many birds routinely fly fast through dense vegetation characterized by variably sized structures and voids. Successfully negotiating these cluttered environments requires maneuvering through narrow constrictions between obstacles. We show that Anna's Hummingbirds (<em>Calypte anna</em>) can negotiate apertures less than one wingspan in diameter using a novel sideways maneuver that incorporates continuous, bilaterally asymmetric wing motions. Crucially, this maneuver allows hummingbirds to continue flapping as they negotiate the constriction. Even smaller openings are negotiated via a faster ballistic trajectory characterized by tucked and thus non-flapping wings, which reduces force production and increases descent rate relative to the asymmetric technique. Hummingbirds progressively shift to the swept method as they perform hundreds of consecutive transits, suggesting increased locomotor performance with task familiarity. Initial use of the slower asymmetric transit technique may allow birds to better assess upcoming obstacles and voids, thereby reducing the likelihood of subsequent collisions. Repeated disruptions of normal wing kinematics as birds negotiate tight apertures may determine the limits of flight performance in structurally complex environments. These strategies for aperture transit and associated flight trajectories can inform designs and algorithms for small aerial vehicles flying within cluttered environments. </p>
Evaluating a Brief Negotiational Intervention for Alcohol Use Among Injury Patients in Tanzania
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02828267. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Negotiation Training for Caregiver Communication in AD
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04837937. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Sideways maneuvers enable narrow aperture negotiation by free-flying hummingbirds
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Data for: Hierarchial motor adaptations negotiate failures during force field learning
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Power and punishment influence negotiations over parental care
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Data for: Repeatable negotiation rules? only females show repeatable response to partner removal in a brood-provisioning songbird
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ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.