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152 results for “neuroplasticity”
The entorhinal cortex modulates trace fear memory formation and neuroplasticity in the lateral amygdala via cholecystokinin
<p>Although the neural circuitry underlying fear memory formation is important in fear-related mental disorders, it is incompletely understood. Here, we utilized trace fear conditioning to study the formation of trace fear memory. We identified the entorhinal cortex (EC) as a critical component of sensory signaling to the amygdala. Moreover, we used the loss of function and rescue experiments to demonstrate that release of the neuropeptide cholecystokinin (CCK) from the EC is required for trace fear memory formation. We discovered that CCK-positive neurons extend from the EC to the lateral nuclei of the amygdala (LA), and inhibition of CCK-dependent signaling in the EC prevented long-term potentiation of sensory signals to the LA and formation of trace fear memory. Altogether, we suggest a model where sensory stimuli trigger the release of CCK from EC neurons, which potentiates sensory signals to the LA, ultimately influencing neural plasticity and trace fear memory formation.</p>
Neuroplasticity in Parkinson´s Disease After Training
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03213873. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 10.
The entorhinal cortex modulates trace fear memory formation and neuroplasticity in the lateral amygdala via cholecystokinin
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Cholecystokinin facilitates motor skill learning by modulating neuroplasticity in the motor cortex
<p>Cholecystokinin (CCK) is an essential modulator for neuroplasticity in sensory and emotional domains. Here, we investigated the role of CCK in motor learning using a single pellet reaching task in mice. Mice with a knockout of <em>cck</em> gene (CCK<sup>-/-</sup>) or blockade of CCK-B receptor (CCKBR) showed defective motor learning ability; the success rate of retrieving reward remained at the baseline level compared to the wildtype mice with significantly increased success rate. We observed no long-term potentiation (LTP) upon high-frequency stimulation (HFS) in the motor cortex of CCK<sup>-/-</sup> mice, indicating a possible association between motor learning deficiency and neuronal plasticity in the motor cortex. In vivo calcium imaging demonstrated that the deficiency of CCK signalling disrupted the refinement of population neuronal activity in the motor cortex during motor skill training. Anatomical tracing revealed direct projections from CCK-expressing neurons in the rhinal cortex to the motor cortex. Inactivating the CCK neurons in the rhinal cortex using chemogenetic methods significantly suppressed motor learning, and intraperitoneal application of CCK4, a tetrapeptide CCK agonist, rescued the motor learning deficits of CCK<sup>-/-</sup> mice. In summary, our results suggest that CCK, which could be provided from the rhinal cortex, enables neuroplasticity in the motor cortex leading to motor skill learning.</p>
Unravelling the role of thyroid hormones in seasonal neuroplasticity in European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)
<p class="MsoNormal">Thyroid hormones clearly play a role in the seasonal regulation of reproduction, but any role they might play in song behavior and the associated seasonal neuroplasticity in songbirds remains to be elucidated. To pursue this question, we first established seasonal patterns in the expression of thyroid hormone regulating genes in male European starlings employing in situ hybridization methods. Thyroid hormone transporter LAT1 expression in the song nucleus HVC was elevated during the photosensitive phase, pointing towards an active role of thyroid hormones during this window of possible neuroplasticity. In contrast, DIO3 expression was high in HVC during the photostimulated phase, limiting the possible effect of thyroid hormones to maintain song stability during the breeding season. Next, we studied the effect of hypothyroidism on song behavior and neuroplasticity using i<em>n vivo </em>MRI. Both under natural conditions as with methimazole treatment, circulating thyroid hormone levels decreased during the photosensitive period, which coincided with the onset of neuroplasticity. This inverse relationship between thyroid hormones and neuroplasticity was further demonstrated by the negative correlation between plasma T3 and the microstructural changes in several song control nuclei and cerebellum. Furthermore, maintaining hypothyroidism during the photostimulated period inhibited the increase in testosterone, confirming the role of thyroid hormones in activating the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis. The lack of high testosterone levels influenced the song behavior of hypothyroid starlings, while the lack of high plasma T4 during photostimulation affected the myelination of several tracts. Potentially, a global reduction of circulating thyroid hormones during the photosensitive period is necessary to lift the brake on neuroplasticity imposed by the photorefractory period, whereas local fine-tuning of thyroid hormone concentrations through LAT1 could activate underlying neuroplasticity mechanisms. Whereas an increase in circulating T4 during the photostimulated period potentially influences the myelination of several white matter tracts, which stabilizes the neuroplastic changes. Given the complexity of thyroid hormone effects, this study is a steppingstone to disentangle the influence of thyroid hormones on seasonal neuroplasticity.</p>
Functional Electrical Stimulation Mediated Neuroplasticity: Lower Extremity CCNMES in Stroke
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02199795. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Cognition and Neuroplasticity Sedentary Adults After 8 Weeks of Aerobic Exercise
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03804528. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Neuroplasticity With Daily Use of a Sensorimotor Priming Vibration System to Improve Hand Function After Stroke
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04026399. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Cognitive Training and Neuroplasticity in Mild Cognitive Impairment
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03205709. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Treating Intention In Aphasia: Neuroplastic Substrates
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00567242. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Improving Neurological Health in Aging Via Neuroplasticity-based Computerized Exercise
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04149457. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
D-serine Augmentation of Neuroplasticity
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03711500. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Cholecystokinin facilitates motor skill learning by modulating neuroplasticity in the motor cortex
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Data and code from: Cholecystokinin modulates age-dependent thalamocortical neuroplasticity
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Data from: Social complexity during early development has long-term effects on neuroplasticity in the social decision-making network
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Unravelling the role of thyroid hormones in seasonal neuroplasticity in European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)
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Data from: A single session of hyperbaric oxygen therapy demonstrates acute and long-lasting neuroplasticity effects in humans: a replicated, randomized controlled clinical trial
Purpose: Animal studies have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, and anti-nociceptive properties of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). However, physiological data are scarce in humans. In a recent experimental study, the authors used the burn injury (BI) model observing a decrease in secondary hyperalgesia area (SHA) in the HBOT-group compared to a control-group.Surprisingly, a long-lasting neuroplasticity effect mitigating the BI-induced SHA-response was seen in the HBOT-preconditioned group. The objective of the present study, therefore, was to confirm our previous findings using an examiner-blinded, block-randomized, controlled, crossover study design. Patients and methods: Nineteen healthy subjects attended two BI-sessions with an inter-session interval of ≥28 days. The BIs were induced on the lower legs by a contact thermode (12.5 cm2, 47C°, 420 s). The subjects were block-randomized to receive HBOT (2.4 ATA, 100% O2, 90 min) or ambient conditions ([AC]; 1 ATA, 21% O2), dividing cohorts equally into two sequence allocations: HBOT-AC or AC-HBOT. All sensory assessments performed during baseline, BI, and post-intervention phases were at homologous time points irrespective of sequence allocation. The primary outcome was SHA, comparing interventions and sequence allocations. Data are mean (95% CI). Results: During HBOT-sessions a mitigating effect on SHAs was demonstrated compared to AC-sessions, ie, 18.8 (10.5–27.0) cm2 vs 32.0 (20.1–43.9) cm2 (P=0.021), respectively. In subjects allocated to the sequence AC-HBOT a significantly larger mean difference in SHA in the AC-session vs the HBOT-session was seen 25.0 (5.4–44.7) cm2 (P=0.019). In subjects allocated to the reverse sequence, HBOT-AC, no difference in SHA between sessions was observed (P=0.55), confirming a preconditioning, long-lasting (≥28 days) effect of HBOT. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that a single HBOT-session compared to control is associated with both acute and long-lasting mitigating effects on BI-induced SHA, confirming central anti-inflammatory, neuroplasticity effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
Fig.5 in Neuroplasticity in desert ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - importance for the ontogeny of navigation
Fig.5: 3odel for processing of navigational information and sites of structural synaptic neuroplasticity in visual pathways after first sensory exposure and following learning walks. The left side depicts sensory input from the panoramic scenery, the geo- magnetic field and the sky polarization pattern with the position of the sun.Directional sky-compass information (compass cues: global vector) is processed via the anterior optic tract (AOT) to the lateral (LX) and central complex (CX), whereas snapshots from panoramic information (panoramic memories, local vectors) are processed via the anterior superior optic tract (ASOT) to the mushroom bodies (MB). The large difference in the numbers of plastic synaptic complexes (microglomeruli,MG) at the input of the MB and LX indicated in magenta. The sensory pathways for geomagnetic information, the input of the endogenous clock for time-compensation, the connection from the MB output to the CX, and connections to the motor output are still hypothetical and depicted as dashed lines. Regions of structural (synaptic) neuroplasticity and potentially affected downstream connections highlighted in magenta (see text for details). Further abbreviations: AOTU anterior optic tubercle, KC Kenyon cell, LA lamina, LO lobula, MBON mushroom body output neuron, ME medulla, TL tangential neuron.
Fig.1 in Neuroplasticity in desert ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - importance for the ontogeny of navigation
Fig.1: Individual life history and natural habitats of Cataglyphis ants. (A) The ants spend c. 4 weeks in the dark nest perform- ing interior tasks (callow, interior I, II) before they move on to perform learning walks close to the nest entrance for 2 - 3 days and finally to foraging using path integration and guidance by the panoramic scenery for c. 7 days until the ants die. The daily course of the sun (solar ephemeris) depicted as accumulated snapshots of different horizontal (azimuthal) positions across the sky together with visual panorama elements (in green) used for navigation. Further details in the text. (B) Natural habitat of Cataglyphis fortis and experimental test field in Tunisia (3enzel Chaker, Tunisia 34°57'N, 10°24'E). (C) Natural habitat of Cataglyphis nodus and experimental test field in Southern Greece. Fhotograph in (C) by Fauline Fleischmann (Schinias National Fark near 3arathon, Greece 38°08'N, 24°02'E).
Fig.4 in Neuroplasticity in desert ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - importance for the ontogeny of navigation
Fig.4: Wuantitative analyses of structural synaptic plasticity in visual integration centers in the lateral complex (LX) and mush- room body (MB) of Cataglyphis brains. (A) Anti-synapsin immunolabeled distinct synaptic complexes in the MB (visual) collar. The position in the brain indicated by the square in the 3B-calyx collarin (C). (B) Anti-synapsin and f-actinphalloidin co-labeled synaptic complexes in the bulb of the lateral complex (LX). The position in the brain indicated by the rectangle in the LX in (C). The density and numbers of synaptic complexes in the MB calyx (A) and lateral complex (B) are quantified using computer guided analyses.Scale bar in (B), also valid for (A) = 10 —m. (C) Brain of Cataglyphis fortis labeled with an antibody to synapsin (magenta), f-actin stained with phallodin (green) and cell nuclei labeled with Hoechst 3458 (blue). Scale bar = 100 —m. (D) 3D reconstruction and surface rendering of the individual components of the mushroom body (upper, frontal view) and central complex (lower, ventral view) for volume analyses in the brain of Cataglyphis nodus. Scale bar = 100 —m. Further abbreviations: co collar, EB ellipsoid body, FB fan-shaped body, NO noduli,PB protocerebral bridge, li lip. Combined from STIEB & al.2012 (C) and GROB & al. (2017) (D). Whole mount images in (A) and (B) provided by Kornelia Grübel.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.