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30 results for “plethodontid salamanders”
Concentration of calcium in stream-dwelling Plethodontid salamanders across six streams located with the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, NC
We examined the concentration of calcium in several species of stream-dwelling plethodontid salamanders captured across six streams located within the Coweeta LTER site. %Ca was measured for 15 Eurycea wilderae, 15 Desmognathus ocoee, and 20 Desmognathus quadramaculatus. Because D. quadramaculatus larvae represent animals across a 3-4 year larval lifespan, for %Ca analysis we randomly sampled 6-8 D. quadramaculatus from each of three size classes: 18-25 mm SVL, 26-33 mm SVL, and 33-40 mm SVL.
Data from: Levels of sex steroids in plethodontid salamanders: A comparative study within the genus Aneides
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Scaling between macro- to microscale climatic data reveals strong phylogenetic inertia in niche evolution in plethodontid salamanders
<p>Macroclimatic niches are indirect and potentially inadequate predictors of the realized environmental conditions that many species experience. Consequently, analyses of niche evolution based on macroclimatic data alone may incompletely represent the evolutionary dynamics of species niches. Yet, understanding how an organisms' climatic (Grinnellian) niche responds to changing macroclimatic conditions is of vital importance for predicting their potential response to global change. In this study, we integrate microclimatic and macroclimatic data across 26 species of plethodontid salamanders to portray the relationship between microclimatic niche evolution in response to changing macroclimate. We demonstrate stronger phylogenetic signal in microclimatic niche variables than at the macroclimatic scale. Even so, we find that the microclimatic niche tracks climatic changes at the macroscale, but with a phylogenetic lag at million-year timescales. We hypothesize that behavioral tracking of the microclimatic niche over space and phenology generates the lag: salamanders preferentially select microclimates similar to their ancestral conditions rather than adapting with changes in physiology. We demonstrate that macroclimatic variables are weak predictors of niche evolution and that incorporating spatial scale into analyses of niche evolution is critical for predicting responses to climate change.</p>
Data from: Natural history constrains the macroevolution of foot morphology in European plethodontid salamanders
The natural history of organisms can have major effects on the tempo and mode of evolution, but few examples show how unique natural histories affect rates of evolution at macroevolutionary scales. European plethodontid salamanders (Plethodontidae: Hydromantes) display a particular natural history relative to other members of the family. Hydromantes commonly occupy caves and small crevices, where they cling to the walls and ceilings. On the basis of this unique and strongly selected behavior, we test the prediction that rates of phenotypic evolution will be lower in traits associated with climbing. We find that, within Hydromantes, foot morphological traits evolve at significantly lower rates than do other phenotypic traits. Additionally, Hydromantes displays a lower rate of foot morphology evolution than does a nonclimbing genus, Plethodon. Our findings suggest that macroevolutionary trends of phenotypic diversification can be mediated by the unique behavioral responses in taxa related to particular attributes of their natural history.
Data from: Natural history constrains the macroevolution of foot morphology in European plethodontid salamanders
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Scaling between macro- to microscale climatic data reveals strong phylogenetic inertia in niche evolution in plethodontid salamanders
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Data from: Macroevolution of desiccation-related morphology in plethodontid salamanders as inferred from a novel surface area to volume ratio estimation approach
Evolutionary biologists have long been interested in the macroevolutionary consequences of various selection pressures, yet physiological responses to selection across deep time are not well understood. In this paper, we investigate how a physiologically-relevant morphological trait, surface area to volume ratio (SA:V) of lungless salamanders, has evolved across broad regional and climatic variation. SA:V directly impacts an organisms' ability to retain water, leading to the expectation that smaller SA:Vs would be advantageous in arid, water-limited environments. To explore the macroevolutionary patterns of SA:V, we first develop an accurate method for estimating SA:V from linear measurements. Next, we investigate the macroevolutionary patterns of SA:V across 257 salamander species, revealing that higher SA:Vs phylogenetically correlate with warmer, wetter climates. We also observe higher SA:V disparity and rate of evolution in tropical species, mirrored by higher climatic disparity in available and occupied tropical habitats. Taken together, these results suggest that the tropics have provided a wider range of warmer, wetter climates for salamanders to exploit, thereby relaxing desiccation pressures on SA:V. Overall, this paper provides an accurate, efficient method for quantifying salamander SA:V, allowing us to demonstrate the power of physiological selection pressures in influencing the macroevolution of morphology.
Data from: Potential rapid evolution of foot morphology in Italian plethodontid salamanders (Hydromantes strinatii) following the colonization of an artificial cave
How organisms respond to environmental change is a long-standing question in evolutionary biology. Species invading novel habitats provide an opportunity to examine contemporary evolution in action, and decipher the pace of evolutionary change over short time scales. Here we characterized phenotypic evolution in the Italian plethodontid salamander, Hydromantes strinatii following the recent colonization of an artificial cave by a forest floor population. When compared with a nearby and genetically related population in the natural forest floor and a nearby cave population, the artificial cave population displayed significant differences in overall foot shape, with more inter-digital webbing relative to the other populations. Further, this population evolved significantly larger feet, which corresponded more closely to those found in other cave populations than to forest floor populations to which the cave population is closely related. Finally, we quantified the rate of evolution for both foot shape and foot area, and found that both traits displayed large and significant evolutionary rates, at levels corresponding to other classic cases of rapid evolution in vertebrates. Together these findings reveal that the response to novel environmental pressures can be large and rapid, and that the anatomical shifts observed in the artificial cave population of H. strinatii may represent a case of rapid evolution in response to novel environmental pressures.
FIGURE 8–13. Cosmocerca acanthurum n in Cosmocerca acanthurum n. sp. (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) in Pseudoeurycea leprosa and Chiropterotriton orculus from the Transmexican Volcanic Belt, Central Mexico, with a checklist of the helminth parasites of plethodontid salamanders
FIGURE 8–13. Cosmocerca acanthurum n. sp. 8) Anterior end, ventral view. (9) Anterior end, mouth with three small V-shaped lips. (10) Detail of posterior end of male, ventral view. (11) Detail of rosette-like papillae. (12) Tip of tail trifurcate, posterior end of female. (13) Cuticular spines at the middle-level of tail of female, bifurcated.
FIGURE 2–7. Cosmocerca acanthurum n in Cosmocerca acanthurum n. sp. (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) in Pseudoeurycea leprosa and Chiropterotriton orculus from the Transmexican Volcanic Belt, Central Mexico, with a checklist of the helminth parasites of plethodontid salamanders
FIGURE 2–7. Cosmocerca acanthurum n. sp. (2) Male. (3) Female. (4) Excretory pore at level of oesophageal bulb, male. (5) Posterior end of male, lateral view. (6) Detail of posterior end of male, arragement of caudal papillae. (7) Posterior end of female. scale-bar: 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Cosmocerca acanthurum n. sp. (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) in Pseudoeurycea leprosa and Chiropterotriton orculus from the Transmexican Volcanic Belt, Central Mexico, with a checklist of the helminth parasites of plethodontid salamanders
FIGURE 1. Map of México showing the localities where plethodontid salamanders were sampled: Texcalyacac, Estado de México; Llano Grande, Estado de México; Tlaxco, Tlaxcala.
FIG. 6 in The Evolution of Courtship Behavior in Plethodontid Salamanders, Contrasting Patterns of Stasis and Diversification
FIG. 6.—The evolutionary origin and loss of key courtship traits in Rhŋacotriton and plethodontid genera. Character origins are shown with solid rectangles; character losses are shown with open rectangles: sff ¼ spermatophore deposition in front of the female, TSW ¼ tail-straddling walk, tpd ¼ transdermal pheromone delivery (tpd1 and tpd2), tbf ¼ turning back towards the female during TSW, tm ¼ tail massage during spermatophore pickup, opd ¼ olfactory pheromone delivery. The question marks on the Amphiuma and Hŋdromantes branches indicate that courtship behavior has not been adequately described. Dendrotriton is not shown on this tree but is the sister group to the Bolitoglossa-Pseudoeurŋcea lineage. The time of origin for each trait is bounded by the times at the ends of the branch on which it resides. Arrowhead pointing to the right indicates that the origin of traits on that branch precedes the date for the right end of the branch. Time-calibrated phylogeny based on Shen et al. (2016), using an independent-rate model (clock ¼ 2). Time scale shown in millions of years.
FIG. 4 in The Evolution of Courtship Behavior in Plethodontid Salamanders, Contrasting Patterns of Stasis and Diversification
FIG. 4.—Courtship in Desmognathus organi. (a) During bite and seize (bas) the male (foreground) holds the female̕s tail base in his jaws. The female holds her chin on the male̕s tail base in an apparent attempt to elicit tail-straddling walk. (b) During spermatophore deposition (SD), the male (right) aligns his hind limbs perpendicular to his body (align). Position of spermatophore indicated with ^. The female holds her chin over his undulating tail base in TSW position. (c) The male has moved forward after SD and has helped positioned the female over the spermatophore. The female has now departed from the spermatophore (base visible above the ^), while the male continues to arch his tail and extend on his hind limbs (extend).
FIG. 5 in The Evolution of Courtship Behavior in Plethodontid Salamanders, Contrasting Patterns of Stasis and Diversification
FIG. 5.—Olfactory pheromone delivery during turning back to the female (tbf) in Plethodon shermani (from Arnold 1976). (1) The dotted arrow shows the path of the male̕s head as he turns back towards the female during tailstraddling walk (TSW). (2) The path of the male̕s head as he slaps his mental gland across the female̕s nares. (3) The solid arrow shows the path of the male̕s head as he returns to TSW position. A video of a similar sequence is cataloged in Appendix S2.
FIG. 8 in The Evolution of Courtship Behavior in Plethodontid Salamanders, Contrasting Patterns of Stasis and Diversification
FIG. 8.—The evolutionary origin and loss of key courtship traits in the genus Desmognathus. Character origins are shown with solid rectangles; losses are shown with open rectangles: tbf ¼ turning back towards the female, tpd ¼ transdermal pheromone delivery (tpd1 and tpd2), ps ¼ pulling and snapping, rfh ¼ rub female head, bas ¼ bite and seize, fm ¼ forelimb movement, and fs ¼ forelimb strokes. Small solid circle denotes branch of origin for adjacent trait box. The time of origin or loss for each trait is bounded by the times at the ends of the branch on which it resides. Time-calibrated phylogeny based on Kozak et al. (2009); time scale shown in millions of years.
FIG. 3 in The Evolution of Courtship Behavior in Plethodontid Salamanders, Contrasting Patterns of Stasis and Diversification
FIG. 3.—Transdermal pheromone delivery in Eurŋcea aeilderae during an underwater courtship (from Arnold 1977). (A) Ventral view of the male̕s mental gland (MG), also showing three premaxillary teeth protruding through his upper lip. (B) The male̕s head during pulling, showing the backward motion that he uses to abrade the female̕s epidermis. (C) The male̕s position during pulling. The female is shaded. This image is based on a video recording cataloged in Appendix S2.
FIG. 1 in The Evolution of Courtship Behavior in Plethodontid Salamanders, Contrasting Patterns of Stasis and Diversification
FIG. 1.—Modular analysis of courtship in Rhŋacotriton and plethodontids. Modules are labeled: AP ¼ approach, HC ¼ head contact, TSW ¼ tailstraddling walk, SD ¼ spermatophore deposition, and POS ¼ positioning. Courtship sequences flow from left to right (as indicated by large arrows) and from top to bottom within modules. Behaviors shown in the same color occur in the same temporal context. Behaviors shown with different shades of the same color occur in a predictable sequence; those in lighter shades occurring earlier than those shown in darker shades. See Fig. 2 for inventory of behavior by module and submodule.
Data from: Macroevolution of desiccation-related morphology in plethodontid salamanders as inferred from a novel surface area to volume ratio estimation approach
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Data from: Potential rapid evolution of foot morphology in Italian plethodontid salamanders (Hydromantes strinatii) following the colonization of an artificial cave
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Data from: Genetic data reveal fine-scale ecological segregation between larval plethodontid salamanders in replicate contact zones
<p>Contact zones present unique opportunities to investigate ecological divergence, reproductive barriers, and gene flow between species. The two-lined salamander (<em>Eurycea</em> <em>bislineata</em>) species complex is a group of semiaquatic plethodontid salamanders with a reticulate evolutionary history that reflects the reorganization of river drainage basins. Although evidence for widespread, ancient introgression suggests an absence of reproductive isolating mechanisms in the early evolutionary history of the group, modern contact zones reveal a broader diversity of outcomes—with some putative species pairs occurring in sympatry and others exhibiting narrow hybrid zones. Here, we used RADcap data to investigate gene flow and ecological divergence in replicate contact zones between two species in the Appalachian foothills. Our results demonstrate that gene flow between these species is absent or rare, and larvae show strong, fine-scale ecological segregation among riffles, runs, and pools in streams. These results reinforce the more ambiguous conclusions of previous studies that suggested the evolutionary distinctiveness of these two species and underscore the importance of ecological factors in shaping local distributions.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.