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313 results for “seed effectiveness”
Data from: Cascading effects of apex predator recovery on rodent foraging activity and seed predation
This dataset was collected to examine the effects of apex predator presence on post-dispersal seed predation and rodent foraging behavior in Mediterranean ecosystems of southern Spain. The study focused on the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) as a top predator capable of altering mesopredator and small mammal communities through cascading interactions. We used the fleshy-fruited tree Pyrus bourgaeana as a model species and conducted a seed predation experiment in two areas with and without lynx presence. A total of 1152 seeds were placed in 144 seed depots across forest and open habitats and three microhabitat types (rock, shrub, and open ground). Rodent activity and foraging behavior were monitored using 36 camera traps installed at a subset of seed depots, and rodent abundance was estimated with live trapping one week later. The dataset includes seed predation counts, camera-trap records of rodent visits, live-trapping results, and vegetation cover estimates. These data allow investigation of how predation risk and habitat structure influence rodent activity and post-dispersal seed predation dynamics in Mediterranean landscapes.
Shrub effects on seeding establishment, 2019 - 2020.
Plant communities in mountain ecosystems are particularly vulnerable due to amplified rates of warming (Pepin and Lundquist, 2008; Pepin et al., 2015) and declines in snowpack (Fyfe et al., 2017). As a result of these global change drivers, there is a widespread pattern of biotic shifts in the alpine (Bueno de Mesquita et al., 2018). However, it is unclear how important these biotic shifts will be in mediating the response of other species to global change. For example, the uphill movement and expansion of structure-forming species (e.g. trees, shrubs, cushion plants), can create small-scale variations in the conditions experienced by species (microclimates) through their effects on snow, wind, solar radiation, and soil properties (Holtmeier and Broll, 1992; Seastedt and Adams, 2001; Pistón et al., 2018; Chen et al., 2019). One such expanding structure-forming group of species are shrubs—the expansion and densification of shrubs is occurring in arctic and alpine zones across the globe (Myers-Smith et al., 2011; Formica et al., 2014; Elmendorf et al., 2012b, 2012a).Shrub microclimatic effects can alter fine-scale variability across the landscape, which may have important consequences for plant communities through increased heterogeneity and modified exposure. For instance, the microclimatic effects shrubs in the alpine may facilitate the establishment of subalpine species that need to migrate uphill to track their climatic niche (Akhalkatsi et al., 2006; Martínez, 2012; Cranston and Hermanutz, 2013). References Akhalkatsi, M., Abdaladze, O., Nakhutsrishvili, G., and Smith, W. K., 2006: Facilitation of seedling microsites by Rhododendron caucasicum extends the Betula litwinowii alpine treeline, Caucasus Mountains, Republic of Georgia. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 38(4):481–488. Bueno de Mesquita, C. P., Tillmann, L. S., Bernard, C. D., Rosemond, K. C., Molotch, N. P., and Suding, K. N., 2018: Topographic heterogeneity explains patterns of vegetation respons
Data from: Long-term effects of meadow management on seed bank diversity and composition
<p>Aims: Oligotrophic grasslands are habitats that host among the most diverse plant communities in Europe. Altering management regimes by either intensifying or ceasing management is known to decrease plant diversity. Yet, despite its importance for the recovery of plant communities after disturbances, little is known about whether seed banks are also affected by changes in management. Here, we investigate the effect of management practices on a meadow seed bank using a long-term manipulative experiment. We focus on the response of the seed bank to the treatments, and the relationship between the seed bank and the vegetation response.</p> <p>Methods: The study was conducted in a species-rich wet meadow. The experiment consists of a factorial combination of fertilization, mowing, and removal of the dominant species. After 20 years of management, the seed bank was sampled seasonally at two soil layer depths. Standing vegetation was recorded in June at the peak of vegetation.</p> <p>Results: All seed bank characteristics varied between soil layers. Mowing decreased seed density and diversity, while fertilization significantly affected the species composition. Dominant removal had no effect on the seed bank. While seed bank diversity was not correlated to vegetation diversity, individual species’ responses to mowing and fertilization were positively correlated in the seed bank and the vegetation.</p> <p>Conclusions: Our results show that long-term management influences the seed bank down to 10 cm of soil depth. Whereas mowing apparently reduced seed density and diversity, the effects of fertilization on these characteristics were harder to interpret. After 20 years, most species had concordant responses to both mowing and fertilization, indicating a low legacy of previous management regimes on the seed bank. Our study reveals that the intensification of grassland management has a profound effect on plant diversity by directly affecting plant communities and their seed bank-driven recovery potential.</p>
Data for the "Does prognostic seeding along flight tracks produce the desired effects of cirrus cloud thinning?" manuscript
<p>Tar file of the data used to prepare the plots and write the text in: "Does prognostic seeding along flight tracks produce the desired effects of cirrus cloud thinning?" manuscript for submission to ACP.</p> <p>A description of each netcdf file is provided in the README file. The format of each file is in netcdf4</p>
Amendments and seeding did not augment erosion control structure effectiveness in dry rangelands, 2021-2023
This study investigates the effectiveness of combining rock structures with organic amendments (wood mulch or compost) and native perennial grass seed addition to address erosion on rangelands. The study was conducted across five cattle ranches in New Mexico with 9-18 active head cuts studied at each ranch. Rock rundown structures were built at each headcut and a plot above each structure received an organic amendment treatment (compost, mulch, or control) and seed addition treatment (seeded or control).
Seed dispersal data for Warneke et al "Habitat fragmentation alters the distance of abiotic seed dispersal through edge effects and direction of dispersal"
This csv file contains seed dispersal data for five species (Carphephorus bellidifolius, Aristida beyrichiana, Liatris squarrulosa, Sorghastrum secundum, and Anthenantia villosa). Data were collected at the Savannah River Site, near Aiken, South Carolina, United States. Data were collected between November 17, 2009, to January 22, 2010 and were collected using the methods outlined in this document.
Effects of Kangaroo Rat Mounds on Seed Banks of Grass and Shrublands at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (2001)
Disturbance is a major factor in determining the spatial structure and temporal dynamics of ecological systems. Many studies have been conducted concerning the plant assemblages around Dipodmys spectabilis mounds compared to the off mound area. These studies have shown that annual plant cover is higher on the kangaroo rat mound compared to off the mound. However, no studies have addressed the effects of these rodents disturbance on the soil seed bank. Soil seed banks are an important component of the plant community particularly in arid environments. Annual plants have been known to create viable seeds that remain dormant in the soil for many years making their seed bank a persistent one. A persistent seed bank allows for future recruitment of plants given favorable conditions that could have a dramatic impact on the overall species diversity of the community. We studied the seed bank of eight forb taxa to ask the following questions: 1) Are there more seeds in the seed bank around kangaroo rat mounds compared to other microhabitats? 2) Does the seed composition differ among the different microhabitats? 3) If the seed composition does differ, do specific physical components of microhabitats predict seed populations?
Numerical simulation of the equatorial plasma bubble: the effect of seeding by the vertical winds and random background noise perturbations.
<p>A wide variety of small-amplitude waves widely exist in the ionosphere and have significant effects on the evolution of equatorial plasma bubbles. In this paper, we simulated equatorial plasma bubbles (EPB) seeded by vertical neutral wind perturbations with wavelengths of 125 km and 250 km, and compared the morphology characteristics of plasma bubble structures with those under random noise perturbations in the background density. The numerical results showed that both vertical winds and random background noise perturbations can contribute to the growth of plasma bubbles, and the perturbations under additional random background noise can promote the growth of the plasma bubble structures faster. Additionally, several processes of the nonlinear behavior of bifurcated EPB structures, including bifurcation, pinching, and small-scale turbulent structures, were successfully obtained. Our simulation captured supersonic flows within the low-density plasma structures characterized by vertical velocities of about 1.5 km/s, which is consistent with experimental studies found in the literature.</p>
Fig. 2 in Effect of the seed maturation stage and pre-germination treatments on emergence of Erythrina crista-galli L.
Fig. 2 TC, T1-T5. Seedling emergency (E%) in relation to the number of days after sowing (DAS). TC. control; T1. sanded and soaked in water for 48 h; T2. sanded and soaked in water for 24 h; T3. soaked in water outside of heating at the initial temperature of 60 °C until reaching ambient temperature; T4. only sanded; T5. immature seeds.
Fig. 1 in Effect of the seed maturation stage and pre-germination treatments on emergence of Erythrina crista-galli L.
Fig. 1 TC, T1-T5. Erythrina crista-galli. Seeds in different maturation stages and submitted to pre-germination treatments. TC. control; T1. sanded (seeds subjected to abrasion with 60-grit sandpaper, on the opposite side of the hilum) and soaked in water for 48 h; T2. sanded and soaked in water for 24 h; T3. soaked in water outside of heating at the initial temperature of 60 °C until reaching ambient temperature; T4. only sanded; T5. immature seeds.
Data for "Seed production in a dioecious subcanopy conifer tree Taxus baccata: the positive effect of neighboring males and female heterozygosity"
<p>A spreadsheet contains data for individual trees of Taxus baccata collected within the "Wadernik" reserve, Poland. Data include spatial coordinates (in meters), altitude (in meters), trunk perimeter (in centimeters), canopy closure assessment (0-fully open, 10-complete closure), the observed seed number, sex expression (female/male/undetermined), and genotypes at 20 microsatellite markers.</p>
Effective seed sterilization methods require optimization across maize genotypes
<p>Studies of plant-microbe interactions using synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) often require the removal of seed-associated microbes by seed sterilization before inoculation to provide gnotobiotic growth conditions. A diversity of seed sterilization protocols have been developed in the past and have been used on different plant species with various amounts of validation. From these studies, it has become clear that each plant species requires its own optimized sterilization protocol. It has, however, so far not been tested if the same protocol works equally well for different varieties and seed sources of one plant species. We evaluated six seed sterilization protocols on two different varieties (Sugar Bun & B73) of maize. All unsterilized maize seeds showed fungal growth upon germination on filter paper, highlighting the need for a sterilization protocol. A short sterilization protocol with hypochlorite and ethanol was sufficient to prevent fungal growth on Sugar Bun germinants, however, a longer protocol with heat treatment and germination in fungicide was needed to obtain clean B73 germinants. This difference may have arisen from the effect of either genotype or seed source. We then tested the protocol that performed best for B73 on three additional maize genotypes from four sources. Seed germination rates and fungal contamination levels varied widely by genotype and geographic source of seeds. Our study shows that consideration of both variety and seed source is important when optimizing sterilization protocols and highlights the importance of including seed source information in plant-microbe interaction studies that use sterilized seeds.</p>
Forest cover and connectivity have pervasive effects on the maintenance of evolutionary distinct interactions in seed dispersal networks
<p>This Data set contain 29 table of weighted interaction network between plants (columns) and frugivore birds from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest used in the manuscript "Forest cover and connectivity have pervasive effects on the maintenance of evolutionary distinct interactions in seed dispersal networks" published in Oikos Journal.</p>
Data from: Seed fate in ant-mediated dispersal: Seed dispersal effectiveness in the Ectatomma ruidum (Formicidae) - Zanthoyxlum ekmanii (Rutaceae) system
<p>Plants are often dispersal limited relying on passive or active agents to find suitable microhabitats for germination. Seeds of pioneer tree species, for example, require light gaps for growth but have short median dispersal distances and often do not provide a food reward to encourage animal dispersal. Zanthoxylum ekmanii seeds are frequently moved by ants but evaluating the effectiveness of ant-mediated seed removal requires knowledge of the species moving the seeds, how far they are moved, and the deposition site. To assess the effectiveness of ants as seed dispersers of Z. ekmanii, we utilized the seed dispersal effectiveness framework. We tracked the movement of seeds from caches on the forest floor, revealing that foragers of Ectatomma ruidum moved 32.8% of seeds an average first distance of 99.8 cm with 68.3% of those seeds taken into a colony. The quality of deposition location was assessed using a seedling emergence study where freshly germinated seeds were buried at different depths. Seedlings were primarily able to emerge from the shallowest depths. Wax castings of E. ruidum colonies demonstrated that seeds brought into the colony were deposited in chambers that had larvae present and experienced more damage than seeds unhandled by ants. Foragers, however, did not have a strong enough bite force to rupture Z. ekmanii seeds likely because their muscle morphology is not structured to maximize force generation. Overall, E. ruidum may help fine tune deposition location, incorporating seeds into the topsoil, though few seeds will likely emerge if soil bioturbation is low.</p>
Experimental corridor effects on ant seed dispersal
<p>Habitat fragmentation impacts ecosystems worldwide through habitat loss, reduced connectivity, and edge effects. Yet, these landscape factors are often confounded, leaving much to be investigated about their relative effects, especially on species interactions. In a landscape experiment, we investigated the consequences of connectivity and edge effects for seed dispersal by ants. We found that ants dispersed seeds farther in habitat patches connected by corridors, but only in patch centers. We did not see an effect on the total number of seeds moved or the rate ants detected seeds. Furthermore, we did not see any differences in ant community composition across patch types, suggesting that shifts in ant behavior or other factors increased ant seed dispersal in patches connected by corridors. Long distance seed dispersal by ants that requires an accumulation of short distance dispersal events over generations may be an underappreciated mechanism through which corridors increase plant diversity. The following data were made publicly available to go along with our paper in <em>Ecosphere</em> (Burt et al. 2022). Please read metadata file for additional information.</p>
Figure 7 in Effect of water stress on weed germination, growth characteristics, and seed production: a global meta-analysis
Figure 7. Results from the sensitivity analysis depicting variations in the overall effect size estimates (mean ± 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of water-stress effects on (A) weed germination/emergence, (B) seedling radicle/root length, (C) plant height, and (D) leaf area when a particular study is omitted from the analysis. The vertical black solid and dashed lines represent overall effect sizes (mean ± 95% CIs) with all studies included.
Figure 3 in Effect of water stress on weed germination, growth characteristics, and seed production: a global meta-analysis
Figure 3. Overall water-stress effects on germination/emergence of grass and broadleaf weeds (top) and six weed families—Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Convolvulaceae, Amaranthaceae, Rubiaceae, and Poaceae (bottom). The vertical black dashed line represents zero effect. The black dots are overall mean effect sizes, and the black lines are 99% confidence intervals (CIs).The values in parentheses are the number of observations followed by the number of studies for each pair-wise comparison. The mean effect sizes were considered significantly different when their 99% CIs did not include zero.
Figure 4 in Effect of water stress on weed germination, growth characteristics, and seed production: a global meta-analysis
Figure 4. The log response ratio for germination and seedling radicle length of broadleaf (green dots/line) and grass (red dots/line) weed species as a function of water-stress intensity. Water stress increased as solution osmotic potential (ψsolution) decreased and vice versa.The subgroups for germination are 0 to −0.2, −0.2 to −0.4, −0.4 to −0.6, −0.6 to −0.8, −0.8 to −1.0, −1.0 to −1.4, and <−1.4 MPa, while the subgroups for radicle length are 0 to −0.2, −0.2 to −0.4, −0.4 to −0.6, −0.6 to −1.0, and <−1.0 MPa. Only ψsolution-based studies were used in this analysis. For each subgroup, the solid dots and lines represent mean effect sizes and their corresponding 99% confidence intervals (CIs).The mean effect sizes were considered significantly different when their 99% CIs did not include zero. Similarly, the water-stress effects were significantly different for each subgroup and among weed types only when their 99% CIs did not overlap with one another. The fitted lines represent a four-parameter logistic regression model, and the coefficients of the models are presented in Table 2.
Figure 1 in Effect of water stress on weed germination, growth characteristics, and seed production: a global meta-analysis
Figure 1. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses; Page and McKenzie 2021) flow diagram highlighting the selection procedure of 86 scientific published papers included in the meta-analysis.
Figure 8 in Effect of water stress on weed germination, growth characteristics, and seed production: a global meta-analysis
Figure 8. Results from the sensitivity analysis depicting variations in the overall effect size estimates (mean ± 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of water-stress effects on (A) branches/tillers per plant, (B) leaves per plant, (C) inflorescences per plant, (D) seeds per plant, (E) total biomass, (F) root biomass, (G) shoot biomass, and (H) root:shoot ratio, when a particular study is omitted from the analysis. The vertical black solid and dashed lines represent overall effect sizes (mean ± 95% CIs) with all studies included.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.