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opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

Large-scale supplemental feeding alters lay date and nest survival in Eastern Bluebirds but not in two species of chickadees

Wild bird feeding is a popular and growing activity, with approximately half of households participating in nations including the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Australia. Supplemental feeding can increase survival and reproductive success of birds (which is often a goal of supplemental feeding efforts), but it raises concerns about phenological mismatch, reduced clutch size, or increased risk of nest predation. Our objectives were to test whether access to supplemental food during the breeding season was correlated with (1) advanced egg-laying phenology, (2) increased clutch size, or (3) improved nest survival of 3 cavity-nesting species (Carolina Chickadee, Poecile carolinensis; Black-capped Chickadee, P. atricapillus; and Eastern Bluebird, Sialia sialis) at a large spatial scale (United States and Canada; 22 degrees latitude difference and 55 degrees longitude difference). We examined data from 24,528 nest attempts submitted to NestWatch from 2014–2019. For Eastern Bluebirds, birds with access to supplemental insects initiated clutches 5.83 (± 0.89 SE) days earlier than birds without access to food subsidies, while predicted nest survival was 5% greater for birds with access to supplemental insects (probability of nest success = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.77–0.81) when compared to birds without (0.74, 95% CI = 0.72–0.75). Clutch size of Eastern Bluebirds did not differ between birds with and without access to supplemental insects. For chickadees, supplemental feeding (of seeds, suet, insects, or fruit) was not correlated with phenology, clutch size, or nest survival. Our results suggest that supplemental feeding of insects can be an effective tool for increasing nest survival in Eastern Bluebirds and potentially other food-limited insectivores. However, the efficacy of supplemental feeding for improving reproductive success varies across <a>taxa</a>. Our results can help elucidate how wild bird feeding contributes to global phenomena such as earlier nesting, nest survival, and population <a>change</a>.

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Supplemental Figure S4. Nitrogen losses through feces, urine and milk as a percentage of the total N intake through feed (indicated by the red line), for each treatment group (CTRL, MetLys and MetLysHis) in each period (depletion, RP-AA, cross-back).

Supplemental Figure S4. Nitrogen losses through feces, urine and milk as a percentage of the total N intake through feed (indicated by the red line), for each treatment group (CTRL, MetLys and MetLysHis) in each period (depletion, RP-AA, cross-back). No significant differences nor tendencies were determined between treatment groups within every period by Tukey’s pairwise comparison test (P > 0.10). During the whole experiment all treatment groups received a low protein diet (CTRL). The cows in the MetLys group received rumen-protected (RP) Met (Excential Rumenpass MET, Orffa Additives) and RP-Lys (AjiPro-L, Ajinomoto H&N) during the RP-AA period. The cows in the MetLysHis group received RP-Met, RP-Lys and RP-His (experimental RP-His product, Ajinomoto Co.) during the RP-AA period.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2023View details →

publicJul 2025View details →

Data from: Towards holistic colony feeding: Effects of vitamin supplementation on summer and winter honeybee workers, Apis mellifera

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publicSep 2021View details →

Large-scale supplemental feeding alters lay date and nest survival in Eastern Bluebirds but not in two species of chickadees

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publicAug 2025View details →

Data from: Northern bobwhite chick survival, growth, and movement in relation to broadcast supplemental feed and drought

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Data from: Seabirds vary responses to supplemental food under dynamic natural prey availability and feeding aggregation composition

While foraging, a predator can feed solitarily or in a group. The net energy gain of joining a group is predicted to vary with prey patch quality, species-specific prey capture behavior and the size and species composition of the predator group. In coastal Newfoundland, Canada, capelin (Mallotus villosus), a key forage fish, migrates inshore to spawn during the summer, resulting in a dramatic shift in prey availability. During July-August, 2015-2017, we examined the numerical and behavioral responses of procellarid (Great Shearwater Ardenna gravis, Sooty Shearwater A. grisea, Northern Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis) and gull species (Herring Gull Larus argentatus, Great Black-backed Gull L. marinus) to fish offal under varying capelin availability as well as flock size and composition using an at-sea experiment on the northeast Newfoundland coast. The experiment consisted of providing a offal every 30 s (10-min experimental period), along with 10-min control periods before and after. We recorded the species-specific number of birds on the water, the number of birds simultaneously attempting to capture offal, and the number of successful attempts ('foraging success'). The number of birds on the water was lower during high capelin availability for all species, except for Northern Fulmar. The number of conspecifics simultaneously attempting increased with the number of conspecifics on the water, but plateaued at different numbers (4-17) for each species. The species-specific proportion of successful attempts (i.e. 'foraging success') varied with flock size and composition (i.e. number of conspecifics, heterospecifics, species). Foraging success of Herring Gulls and fulmars were moderately affected by flock size and composition, suggesting that they may be dominant competitors. Findings suggest that seabirds rely more heavily on supplemental food sources, such as fisheries discards and offal, when natural prey availability declines, potentially resulting in a higher risk of by-catch during fisheries activities as forage fish stocks decline.

opencc-zeroSep 2020View details →

opencc-by-nc-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Supplemental material to the article 'Are Grey Plovers true Jelly Bon lovers? First record of Grey Plovers (Pluvialis squatarola) deliberately feeding on Barrel Jellyfish (Rhizostoma pulmo) in the Western Palearctic'

Video fragments documenting Grey Plover's feeding behaviour provided as Supplemental material to Ornis Fennica article 'Are Grey Plovers true Jelly Bon lovers? First record of Grey Plovers (Pluvialis squatarola) deliberately feeding on Barrel Jellyfish (Rhizostoma pulmo) in the Western Palearctic' Article accepted on 1 December 2023.

FIGURES 29–32. 29 and 30. E in Description of Eniacomorpha hermetiae Delvare sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Chalcididae) a pupal parasitoid of Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera, Stratiomyidae), and a potential threat to mass production of the fly as a feed supplement for domestic animals

FIGURES 29–32. 29 and 30. E. hermetiae ♀. 29, hind leg. 30, metasoma in dorsal view. 31 and 32. E. hermetiae ♂. 31, meso- soma and petiole in lateral view. 32, metasoma in dorsal view.

FIGURES 7, 8 in Description of Eniacomorpha hermetiae Delvare sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Chalcididae) a pupal parasitoid of Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera, Stratiomyidae), and a potential threat to mass production of the fly as a feed supplement for domestic animals

FIGURES 7, 8. Eniacomorpha vultur Girault ♀ from BMNH collection. 7, lateral view. 8, same in dorsal view.

FIGURES 20–28. 20 and 21. E in Description of Eniacomorpha hermetiae Delvare sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Chalcididae) a pupal parasitoid of Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera, Stratiomyidae), and a potential threat to mass production of the fly as a feed supplement for domestic animals

FIGURES 20–28. 20 and 21. E. galesusaeformis ♀. 20, fore wing. 21, same, wing glued on white card. 22–28. E. hermetiae ♀. 22, mesosoma in dorsal view. 23, prepectus and mesepisternum. 24, mesosoma in ventral view. 25, fore wing. 26, same, wing glued on white card. 27, metasoma in lateral view. 28, apex of metasoma in ventral view.

FIGURES 15–19. 15. E in Description of Eniacomorpha hermetiae Delvare sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Chalcididae) a pupal parasitoid of Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera, Stratiomyidae), and a potential threat to mass production of the fly as a feed supplement for domestic animals

FIGURES 15–19. 15. E. galesusaeformis ♀, antenna with base flagellum and clava enlarged. 16 and 17. E. hermetiae ♀. 16, head in frontal view. 17, antenna with base flagellum and clava enlarged. 18 and 19. E. hermetiae ♂. 18, head in frontal view. 19, antenna with base flagellum and clava enlarged.

FIGURES 9–14. 9 and 10 in Description of Eniacomorpha hermetiae Delvare sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Chalcididae) a pupal parasitoid of Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera, Stratiomyidae), and a potential threat to mass production of the fly as a feed supplement for domestic animals

FIGURES 9–14. 9 and 10. Eniacomorpha galesusaeformis (Risbec) ♀. 9, head in dorsal view. 10, same in lateral view. 11 and 12. E. hermetiae ♀. 11, head in dorsal view. 12, same in lateral view. 13 and 14. E. hermetiae ♂. 13, head in dorsal view. 14, same in lateral view.

FIGURES 1, 2. Collecting sites. 1 in Description of Eniacomorpha hermetiae Delvare sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Chalcididae) a pupal parasitoid of Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera, Stratiomyidae), and a potential threat to mass production of the fly as a feed supplement for domestic animals

FIGURES 1, 2. Collecting sites. 1, Outdoor rearing cages of Hermetia illucens on ICIPE campus, Nairobi, Kenya. 2, Malaise trap at the Gede site, Kenya.

FIGURES 4–6. E in Description of Eniacomorpha hermetiae Delvare sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Chalcididae) a pupal parasitoid of Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera, Stratiomyidae), and a potential threat to mass production of the fly as a feed supplement for domestic animals

FIGURES 4–6. E. hermetiae ♀. Morphological terminology and measurements. 4, head in lateral view. 5, same in dorsal view. 6, mesosoma in dorsal view. Abbreviations. eyh, eye height; eyl, eye length; fvxw, frontovertex width; hdh, head height; hdl, head length; hdw, head width; hnl, horn length; hnw, horn width; mdl, mandible length; msal, mesosoma length; msaw, mesosoma width; msml, mesoscutum length; mscul, mesoscutellum length; mscuw, mesoscutellum width; mspl, malar space length; OOL, ocellar-ocular length; POL, postocellar length; phcd, distance between adpetiolar projections of propodeum; pml, pronotum length; pmw, pronotum width; ppal, length of anteromedian areola of propodeum; ppaw, width of anteromedian areola of propodeum; ppml, median length of propodeum; sdnl, length of scrobal depression; tpel, temple length.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2023View details →

Supplemental Table S2. Least square means of BW, DMI, milk yield (MY) and fat- and protein-corrected milk yield (FPCMY), milk protein yield (MPY), milk composition (milk fat, milk protein, milk lactose and MUN), milk N efficiency (MNE) and feed efficiency for the CTRL, MetLys and MetLysHis treatment groups in the pre-experimental, depletion and cross-back period.

Supplemental Table S2. Least square means of BW, DMI, milk yield (MY) and fat- and protein-corrected milk yield (FPCMY), milk protein yield (MPY), milk composition (milk fat, milk protein, milk lactose and MUN), milk N efficiency (MNE) and feed efficiency for the CTRL, MetLys and MetLysHis treatment groups in the pre-experimental, depletion and cross-back period.