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50 results for “surface forms”
The potential of graphene oxide surfaces to reduce biofilms formed by uropathogens
<p>Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), 5 wt.% GNP/PDMS (GNP/PDMS), 1 wt.% graphene oxide (GO)/PDMS (GO1/PDMS), 3 wt.% GO/PDMS (GO3/PDMS), 5 wt.% GO/PDMS (GO5/PDMS)) were analyzed regarding hydrophobicity and roughness. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms were developed on these different surfaces under static conditions for 24h at 37°C. The number of biofilm total and culturable cells was quantified by flow cytometry and plate counts, respectively, whereas the biofilm amount was determined by crystal violet staining. Moreover, the mechanisms of action of GO were characterized using the flow cytometer.</p>
Effect of chitosan-based surfaces on biofilms formed by Cobetia marina
<p>The characterization (roughness and water contact angle) of poly (lactic acid) surfaces coated with chitosan of different molecular weights and concentrations obtained from the <i>Loligo opalescens</i> pen was performed. The antifouling activity of these surfaces against <i>Cobetia marina</i> biofilm formation was evaluated, as well as the mechanism of action of this type of chitosan.</p>
Mesh dataset for the paper "Bending-Reinforced Grid Shells for Free-form Architectural Surfaces"
<p>If using this dataset, please cite the paper: </p> <p>Laccone, F., Pietroni, N., Cignoni, P., Malomo, L.: Bending-Reinforced Grid Shells for Free-form Architectural Surfaces. Computer-Aided Design. Available online 23 December 2023, 103670.</p> <p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2023.103670</p>
Text-fig. 10. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: dorsal lobe of the caudal fin with the fulcral scales along the dorsal edge of the lobe, GMC 55, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; b: basal fulcral scales from the dorsal edge of the caudal peduncle, G 123, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; c: fragment of the body of juvenile specimen with dorsal and anal fins, GMC 11, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; d: isolated scales from lateral side of the body, G 123, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; e: ridges on the scale surface, the frame delineates the area illustrated in (f) at higher magnification, G 123, scale bar 500 µm; f: details of the surface with microtubercles, scale bar 50 µm; g: isolated lepidotrichium of an adult specimen with very short and wide segments and with unsegmented basal part, GMC 101, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; h: large conical teeth from the internal row of the maxilla, G 123, scale bar 2 mm; i: microsculpture formed by elliptical proximo-distally elongated protuberances on the large conical tooth, G 123, scale bar 100 µm; j: large conical tooth from the internal row of the maxilla, G 123, scale bar 2 mm; k: microsculpture formed by elliptical proximo-distally elongated protuberances on the large conical tooth, G 123, scale bar 100 µm. in New Actinopterygians From The Permian Of The Brive Basin, And The Ichthyofaunas Of The French Massif Central
Text-fig. 10. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: dorsal lobe of the caudal fin with the fulcral scales along the dorsal edge of the lobe, GMC 55, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; b: basal fulcral scales from the dorsal edge of the caudal peduncle, G 123, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; c: fragment of the body of juvenile specimen with dorsal and anal fins, GMC 11, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; d: isolated scales from lateral side of the body, G 123, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; e: ridges on the scale surface, the frame delineates the area illustrated in (f) at higher magnification, G 123, scale bar 500 µm; f: details of the surface with microtubercles, scale bar 50 µm; g: isolated lepidotrichium of an adult specimen with very short and wide segments and with unsegmented basal part, GMC 101, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; h: large conical teeth from the internal row of the maxilla, G 123, scale bar 2 mm; i: microsculpture formed by elliptical proximo-distally elongated protuberances on the large conical tooth, G 123, scale bar 100 µm; j: large conical tooth from the internal row of the maxilla, G 123, scale bar 2 mm; k: microsculpture formed by elliptical proximo-distally elongated protuberances on the large conical tooth, G 123, scale bar 100 µm.
Text-fig. 5. Mastixiopsis nyssoides KIRCHH. a, b, g–n: Organic preservation. a, b: Lignitic, unpermineralized, early Eocene Dorset Pipe clays at Arne, V. 40762. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 18, fig. 1 of Chandler 1962). b: Transverse fracture, somewhat distorted by compression. c–f: Pyrite permineralization. c: Ventral view, V. 22963(1) from Sheppey, originally listed as Mastixia cantiensis. d: Lateral view, V. 22969 from Sheppey (identified as Mastixia grandis by Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 8). e: Equatorial transverse physical section from (c). f: Equatorial transverse physical section from (d). g: Detail of pericarp from (e), showing endocarp formed of dense fibrous tissue, surrounded by mesocarp of anticlinally oriented larger cells. h: Detail of pericarp from (f). i–n: Type material from Eocene of Riestadt, Germany, MNB. i: Ventral view. j, k: Ventral and apical views of holotype. l: View of the transversely fractured surface from (j) showing horseshoe shaped locule. m: Equatorial transverse physical cut of the specimen in (i); note yellow resin cavity (arrow). n: Scanning electron microscopy of pericarp from (l) with locule lining at lower edge of image. Note dense endocarp tissue composed of small cells (fibres and sclereids), extending about 3/5 of distance to periphery, surrounded by mesocarp of larger, anticlinally oriented cells. Scale bars 1 cm in (a–f), (i–k), 1 mm in (g), 2 mm in (h), 3 mm in (l), m, 250 Μm in (n). Bar in (d) applies also to (c). Bar in (l) also applies to (m). Bar in (i) also applies to (j) and (k). in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision
Text-fig. 5. Mastixiopsis nyssoides KIRCHH. a, b, g–n: Organic preservation. a, b: Lignitic, unpermineralized, early Eocene Dorset Pipe clays at Arne, V. 40762. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 18, fig. 1 of Chandler 1962). b: Transverse fracture, somewhat distorted by compression. c–f: Pyrite permineralization. c: Ventral view, V. 22963(1) from Sheppey, originally listed as Mastixia cantiensis. d: Lateral view, V. 22969 from Sheppey (identified as Mastixia grandis by Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 8). e: Equatorial transverse physical section from (c). f: Equatorial transverse physical section from (d). g: Detail of pericarp from (e), showing endocarp formed of dense fibrous tissue, surrounded by mesocarp of anticlinally oriented larger cells. h: Detail of pericarp from (f). i–n: Type material from Eocene of Riestadt, Germany, MNB. i: Ventral view. j, k: Ventral and apical views of holotype. l: View of the transversely fractured surface from (j) showing horseshoe shaped locule. m: Equatorial transverse physical cut of the specimen in (i); note yellow resin cavity (arrow). n: Scanning electron microscopy of pericarp from (l) with locule lining at lower edge of image. Note dense endocarp tissue composed of small cells (fibres and sclereids), extending about 3/5 of distance to periphery, surrounded by mesocarp of larger, anticlinally oriented cells. Scale bars 1 cm in (a–f), (i–k), 1 mm in (g), 2 mm in (h), 3 mm in (l), m, 250 Μm in (n). Bar in (d) applies also to (c). Bar in (l) also applies to (m). Bar in (i) also applies to (j) and (k).
Text-fig. 9. Carpolithes (a–r). a–d: Carpolithes sp. 5. USNM PAL 772370. Scale bar = 5 mm, reflected light, palladium coated. a: Lateral view of seed, apex up, possible raphe descending from apex toward viewer. b: Lateral view of seed, apex up, possible raphe on right. c: Lateral view, opposite side, apex up, possible raphe on left. d: Apical view, note central pit with raphe descending towards bottom margin. e–h: Carpolithes sp. 6. USNM PAL 772371. Scale bar = 5 mm. e: Basal view illustrating depression and keel in plane of bisymmetry, reflected light, palladium coated. f–h: Micro-CT scan surface rendering. f: Lateral view showing relatively smooth rounded surface. g: Specimen rotated 180° from (f), surface partially eroded. h: Longitudinal view, showing median keel. i–m: Carpolithes sp. 7 USNM PAL 772372. Scale bar = 5 mm. i: View of intact face of globose fruit, possible apical constriction at top. j: Lateral view, intact surface to right, possible apical constriction at top, both micro-CT scan surface renderings. k: Apical view. l: Face view illustrating the mineral filling and the fine, radiating structure of the fruit wall on the left and right margins, both reflected light, palladium coated. m: Closeup of the cellular layer on the left of (l), micro-CT scan surface rendering. n–p: Carpolithes sp. 8. USNM PAL 772373. Scale bar = 3 mm, reflected light, palladium coated. n: Lateral view of pyrene-like structure, one ridge running vertically in the center of view, the other two forming the left and right margins. o: Lateral view of pyrene-like structure, ridge in (n) on the left. p: End-on view illustrating one convex, one concave, and one relatively flat to very slightly concave face. q, r: Carpolithes sp. 9 USNM PAL 772374. Scale bar = 5 mm, reflected light, palladium coated. q: Exterior of the smooth broken half-sphere. r: Interior of the broken half-sphere. in The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U.S.A.
Text-fig. 9. Carpolithes (a–r). a–d: Carpolithes sp. 5. USNM PAL 772370. Scale bar = 5 mm, reflected light, palladium coated. a: Lateral view of seed, apex up, possible raphe descending from apex toward viewer. b: Lateral view of seed, apex up, possible raphe on right. c: Lateral view, opposite side, apex up, possible raphe on left. d: Apical view, note central pit with raphe descending towards bottom margin. e–h: Carpolithes sp. 6. USNM PAL 772371. Scale bar = 5 mm. e: Basal view illustrating depression and keel in plane of bisymmetry, reflected light, palladium coated. f–h: Micro-CT scan surface rendering. f: Lateral view showing relatively smooth rounded surface. g: Specimen rotated 180° from (f), surface partially eroded. h: Longitudinal view, showing median keel. i–m: Carpolithes sp. 7 USNM PAL 772372. Scale bar = 5 mm. i: View of intact face of globose fruit, possible apical constriction at top. j: Lateral view, intact surface to right, possible apical constriction at top, both micro-CT scan surface renderings. k: Apical view. l: Face view illustrating the mineral filling and the fine, radiating structure of the fruit wall on the left and right margins, both reflected light, palladium coated. m: Closeup of the cellular layer on the left of (l), micro-CT scan surface rendering. n–p: Carpolithes sp. 8. USNM PAL 772373. Scale bar = 3 mm, reflected light, palladium coated. n: Lateral view of pyrene-like structure, one ridge running vertically in the center of view, the other two forming the left and right margins. o: Lateral view of pyrene-like structure, ridge in (n) on the left. p: End-on view illustrating one convex, one concave, and one relatively flat to very slightly concave face. q, r: Carpolithes sp. 9 USNM PAL 772374. Scale bar = 5 mm, reflected light, palladium coated. q: Exterior of the smooth broken half-sphere. r: Interior of the broken half-sphere.
Text-fig. 50. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of a flower and mature carpels of Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov.; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; multicarpellate flower showing numerous carpels surrounded by remains of the androecium and perianth; note the bract subtending the flower (arrowhead); b, c) Longitudinal sections perpendicular to section in (f) (b, SRXTM orthoslice xz0461) and (c, SRXTM cut voltex xz0540-0580) showing receptacle, carpels and remains of the androecium and perianth; note prominent cavities formed by the oil cells, subtending bract (arrow) and bract subtending fragmentary bud (arrowhead); d, e) Apical (d) and lateral (e) views of gynoecium showing laterally flattened carpels and dorsi-ventrally flattened stamen or staminode (* in e); f) Longitudinal section (SRXTM orthoslice yz0405) of gynoecium showing conical receptacle and carpels with densely spaced oil cells; g, h) Mature carpel of Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov. showing slightly curved form, rounded apex and base that tapers toward the attachment to the receptacle; i) Surface of carpel showing embedded oil cells; j) Transverse section through three carpels showing attachment of developing ovules near the ventral sutures and oil cells in the wall just below the surface (SRXTM cut voltex xy0770-0845). Specimens TV299-S136716 (holotype; a–f), TV299-S136717 (g–j). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–d, f–h), 150 Μm (e, j), 30 Μm (i). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 50. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of a flower and mature carpels of Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov.; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; multicarpellate flower showing numerous carpels surrounded by remains of the androecium and perianth; note the bract subtending the flower (arrowhead); b, c) Longitudinal sections perpendicular to section in (f) (b, SRXTM orthoslice xz0461) and (c, SRXTM cut voltex xz0540-0580) showing receptacle, carpels and remains of the androecium and perianth; note prominent cavities formed by the oil cells, subtending bract (arrow) and bract subtending fragmentary bud (arrowhead); d, e) Apical (d) and lateral (e) views of gynoecium showing laterally flattened carpels and dorsi-ventrally flattened stamen or staminode (* in e); f) Longitudinal section (SRXTM orthoslice yz0405) of gynoecium showing conical receptacle and carpels with densely spaced oil cells; g, h) Mature carpel of Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov. showing slightly curved form, rounded apex and base that tapers toward the attachment to the receptacle; i) Surface of carpel showing embedded oil cells; j) Transverse section through three carpels showing attachment of developing ovules near the ventral sutures and oil cells in the wall just below the surface (SRXTM cut voltex xy0770-0845). Specimens TV299-S136716 (holotype; a–f), TV299-S136717 (g–j). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–d, f–h), 150 Μm (e, j), 30 Μm (i).
Text-fig. 47. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of reticulate-foveolate pollen on the surface of a fruit of Serialis antiquum; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Pollen grain showing angular outline and tectum perforated by foveolae of different sizes; note the braided tectum ornamentation formed by aggregations of small ridges (b); aperture not known; c, d) Pollen grain showing angular outline, tectum perforated by foveolae that become smaller toward the presumed pole; note the relatively smooth tectum and faint pattern of braiding ridges (d); aperture not known. Specimens, TV43-S171535-01 (a, b), TV43-S171535-02 (c, d). Scale bars 6 Μm (a, c), 1 Μm (b, d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 47. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of reticulate-foveolate pollen on the surface of a fruit of Serialis antiquum; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Pollen grain showing angular outline and tectum perforated by foveolae of different sizes; note the braided tectum ornamentation formed by aggregations of small ridges (b); aperture not known; c, d) Pollen grain showing angular outline, tectum perforated by foveolae that become smaller toward the presumed pole; note the relatively smooth tectum and faint pattern of braiding ridges (d); aperture not known. Specimens, TV43-S171535-01 (a, b), TV43-S171535-02 (c, d). Scale bars 6 Μm (a, c), 1 Μm (b, d).
Text-fig. 45. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Dinisia portugallica gen. et sp. nov. from a fragmentary stamen; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; stamen fragment showing elongated pollen sacs that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; b) Two pollen grains showing poorly defined distal aperture (arrowhead) and distinctive vermiform reticulum forming luminae of variable shapes and sizes; note especially the irregularly and incomplete reticulum in the grain on the left; c) Reticulum showing smooth, vermiform muri attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer by long columellae; note that columellae often terminate segments of muri that are not closed; d, e) Pollen grains showing proximal surface (d), poorly defined distal aperture (e, arrowhead) and distinctive vermiform reticulum supported by long columellae; note dense covering of small, spherical orbicules on the inner surface of the anther wall. Specimen, TV44-S148216 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, d, e), 3 Μm (c). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 45. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Dinisia portugallica gen. et sp. nov. from a fragmentary stamen; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; stamen fragment showing elongated pollen sacs that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; b) Two pollen grains showing poorly defined distal aperture (arrowhead) and distinctive vermiform reticulum forming luminae of variable shapes and sizes; note especially the irregularly and incomplete reticulum in the grain on the left; c) Reticulum showing smooth, vermiform muri attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer by long columellae; note that columellae often terminate segments of muri that are not closed; d, e) Pollen grains showing proximal surface (d), poorly defined distal aperture (e, arrowhead) and distinctive vermiform reticulum supported by long columellae; note dense covering of small, spherical orbicules on the inner surface of the anther wall. Specimen, TV44-S148216 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, d, e), 3 Μm (c).
Text-fig. 4. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of megaspores with possible affinities to Selaginellales; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Hughesisporites galericulatus, lateral view of megaspore (a) with almost smooth surface and spore wall of thin elements forming a dense reticulum (b); c) Trileites sp., proximal view of megaspore with almost smooth surface and raised trilete mark; d–f) Rugotriletes sp., proximal (e) and lateral (f) views of megaspores showing coarsely reticulate-rugulate surface ornamentation and prominent gula around the trilete mark and compact perforate spore wall (d); g, h) Erlansonisporites sp., distal (g) and lateral (h) views of megaspores showing coarsely reticulate-rugulate surface and fibrous spore wall; i, j) Striatriletes sp. 1, megaspore in oblique proximal view (i) showing raised laesurae and irregular striate-rugulate surface, and detail of spore wall (j) showing dense packing of sculptural elements; k, l) Striatriletes sp. 2, megaspore in proximal view (k) showing trilete mark, striate-rugulate surface, and detail of spore wall (l) composed of loosely packed fibers; m) Striatriletes sp. 3, megaspore in proximal view showing raised trilete mark and striate-rugulate surface; n, o) Verrutriletes sp., megaspore in oblique proximal view (n) showing short laesurae of the trilete mark, and the dense verrucate surface (o); p) Megaspore sp. 1, oblique proximal view showing in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 4. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of megaspores with possible affinities to Selaginellales; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Hughesisporites galericulatus, lateral view of megaspore (a) with almost smooth surface and spore wall of thin elements forming a dense reticulum (b); c) Trileites sp., proximal view of megaspore with almost smooth surface and raised trilete mark; d–f) Rugotriletes sp., proximal (e) and lateral (f) views of megaspores showing coarsely reticulate-rugulate surface ornamentation and prominent gula around the trilete mark and compact perforate spore wall (d); g, h) Erlansonisporites sp., distal (g) and lateral (h) views of megaspores showing coarsely reticulate-rugulate surface and fibrous spore wall; i, j) Striatriletes sp. 1, megaspore in oblique proximal view (i) showing raised laesurae and irregular striate-rugulate surface, and detail of spore wall (j) showing dense packing of sculptural elements; k, l) Striatriletes sp. 2, megaspore in proximal view (k) showing trilete mark, striate-rugulate surface, and detail of spore wall (l) composed of loosely packed fibers; m) Striatriletes sp. 3, megaspore in proximal view showing raised trilete mark and striate-rugulate surface; n, o) Verrutriletes sp., megaspore in oblique proximal view (n) showing short laesurae of the trilete mark, and the dense verrucate surface (o); p) Megaspore sp. 1, oblique proximal view showing
Text-fig. 18. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of a fruit of Canrightia sp. with associated pollen; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Fruit in lateral view showing prominent cavities in the fruit wall formed by the scattered oil bodies and the broad hypanthium fused to the base of the fruit (arrowhead); b) Fruit surface showing epidermal cells and the scattered oil cells embedded in the fruit wall (arrowheads); c) Cluster of monocolpate pollen grains in the probable stigmatic region of the fruit; d) Pollen grains showing the long colpus and semitectate-reticulate pollen wall; e) Pollen wall showing the reticulum with large and small lumina, and scattered, compressed columellae supporting the smooth muri. Specimen, TV142-S170213. Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 100 Μm (b), 30 Μm (c), 6 Μm (d), 1 Μm (e). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 18. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of a fruit of Canrightia sp. with associated pollen; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Fruit in lateral view showing prominent cavities in the fruit wall formed by the scattered oil bodies and the broad hypanthium fused to the base of the fruit (arrowhead); b) Fruit surface showing epidermal cells and the scattered oil cells embedded in the fruit wall (arrowheads); c) Cluster of monocolpate pollen grains in the probable stigmatic region of the fruit; d) Pollen grains showing the long colpus and semitectate-reticulate pollen wall; e) Pollen wall showing the reticulum with large and small lumina, and scattered, compressed columellae supporting the smooth muri. Specimen, TV142-S170213. Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 100 Μm (b), 30 Μm (c), 6 Μm (d), 1 Μm (e).
Text-fig. 15. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of seeds of Pazliopsis reyi (a–c) and Anaspermum operculatum gen. et sp. nov. (d–j). a) Seed in lateral view showing poorly preserved remains of fruit wall and rough surface of the exotesta; b) Section through the wall of a broken seed showing palisade cells of the exotesta; c) Seed surface showing sunken very deeply sinuous outlines of the exotesta cells; d–f, h, i) Seeds in lateral view (holotype figured in d) showing the pointed micropylar-hilar area, the rounded chalazal end, the smooth surface of the exotesta composed of cells with sinuous cell outlines, and the distinct course of the raphe; g) Surface of the exotesta showing the distinctive cell outlines formed by the sinuous anticlinal walls of the palisade cells; j) Apical view of seed showing the prominent operculum. Specimens, TV43-S171534 (a), TV44-S136683 (b), TV43-S136745 (c), TV43-S136740 (holotype; d), TV43-S136746 (e), TV43-S136739 (f), TV43-S170083 (g), TV S136743 (h), TV43-S136742 (i), TV38-S174608 (j). Scale bars 300 Μm (a, b, d–f, h, i), 50 Μm (j), 30 Μm (c, g). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 15. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of seeds of Pazliopsis reyi (a–c) and Anaspermum operculatum gen. et sp. nov. (d–j). a) Seed in lateral view showing poorly preserved remains of fruit wall and rough surface of the exotesta; b) Section through the wall of a broken seed showing palisade cells of the exotesta; c) Seed surface showing sunken very deeply sinuous outlines of the exotesta cells; d–f, h, i) Seeds in lateral view (holotype figured in d) showing the pointed micropylar-hilar area, the rounded chalazal end, the smooth surface of the exotesta composed of cells with sinuous cell outlines, and the distinct course of the raphe; g) Surface of the exotesta showing the distinctive cell outlines formed by the sinuous anticlinal walls of the palisade cells; j) Apical view of seed showing the prominent operculum. Specimens, TV43-S171534 (a), TV44-S136683 (b), TV43-S136745 (c), TV43-S136740 (holotype; d), TV43-S136746 (e), TV43-S136739 (f), TV43-S170083 (g), TV S136743 (h), TV43-S136742 (i), TV38-S174608 (j). Scale bars 300 Μm (a, b, d–f, h, i), 50 Μm (j), 30 Μm (c, g).
Text-fig. 11. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of seeds assigned to the BEG group (a–d) and associated pollen grains (e–i); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Seed of Tomcatia taylorii showing the four horns formed by extensions of the envelope and the central projection of the envelope that surrounds to the micropylar tube; b, c) Seeds of Quadrispermum parvum in lateral (b) and apical (c) views showing the transverse ribs and the central projection of the envelope that surrounds the micropylar tube; d–f) Seeds of Ephedrispermum lusitanicum showing the four-angled seed envelope (d), the micropylar tube surrounded by the tissues of the integument (e), and ephedroid pollen grains on the seed surface (f); g) Apex of seed of Quadrispermum parvum showing simple in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 11. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of seeds assigned to the BEG group (a–d) and associated pollen grains (e–i); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Seed of Tomcatia taylorii showing the four horns formed by extensions of the envelope and the central projection of the envelope that surrounds to the micropylar tube; b, c) Seeds of Quadrispermum parvum in lateral (b) and apical (c) views showing the transverse ribs and the central projection of the envelope that surrounds the micropylar tube; d–f) Seeds of Ephedrispermum lusitanicum showing the four-angled seed envelope (d), the micropylar tube surrounded by the tissues of the integument (e), and ephedroid pollen grains on the seed surface (f); g) Apex of seed of Quadrispermum parvum showing simple
Text-fig. 2. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a, c–f) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, b, g) images of the flower of Mugideiriflora portugallica (a, b) and fruits, seeds and pollen of Canrightia resinifera (c–g); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Oblique, apical view of flower showing multiparted organization with numerous laminar tepals, stamens that are rhomboidal and flattened in transverse section and carpels that are borne on the short conical apex of the receptacle; b) Transverse section (orthoslice xy0800) through basal part of flower showing the elongate bases of the laminar tepals and the flattened rhomboidal bases of the stamens; c) Fruit in lateral view showing irregular surface resulting from the abundant resin bodies in the fruit and hypanthium wall, scars from stamens on the rim of the hypanthium (arrowheads) and the lobed apical stigmatic region (st); d) Broken fruit with one or two seeds missing but showing three pendant, orthotropous seeds with pointed micropylar regions (mi) and a finely pitted crystalliferous endotesta; note the remains of the apical vascular bundles (vb); e) Single seed isolated from a fruit showing two distinct bundles (vb) still attached apically to the chalazal region of the seed, the pointed micropyle (mi) and the finely pitted surface of the crystalliferous endotesta; f) Monocolpate pollen from stigmatic region of fruit showing the long colpus and coarse reticulum; g) Transverse section (orthoslice xy0705) through a fruit showing four seeds all with radially elongated endothelium cells formed from the inner epidermis of the tegmen (asterisks). Specimens, Catefica 150-S174254 (a, b), Catefica 49-S170377 (c), Catefica 49-S170372 (d), Catefica 50-S170401 (e), Catefica 50-S170404 (f), Catefica 50-S174906 (g). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–e, g), 6 Μm (f). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms
Text-fig. 2. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a, c–f) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, b, g) images of the flower of Mugideiriflora portugallica (a, b) and fruits, seeds and pollen of Canrightia resinifera (c–g); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Oblique, apical view of flower showing multiparted organization with numerous laminar tepals, stamens that are rhomboidal and flattened in transverse section and carpels that are borne on the short conical apex of the receptacle; b) Transverse section (orthoslice xy0800) through basal part of flower showing the elongate bases of the laminar tepals and the flattened rhomboidal bases of the stamens; c) Fruit in lateral view showing irregular surface resulting from the abundant resin bodies in the fruit and hypanthium wall, scars from stamens on the rim of the hypanthium (arrowheads) and the lobed apical stigmatic region (st); d) Broken fruit with one or two seeds missing but showing three pendant, orthotropous seeds with pointed micropylar regions (mi) and a finely pitted crystalliferous endotesta; note the remains of the apical vascular bundles (vb); e) Single seed isolated from a fruit showing two distinct bundles (vb) still attached apically to the chalazal region of the seed, the pointed micropyle (mi) and the finely pitted surface of the crystalliferous endotesta; f) Monocolpate pollen from stigmatic region of fruit showing the long colpus and coarse reticulum; g) Transverse section (orthoslice xy0705) through a fruit showing four seeds all with radially elongated endothelium cells formed from the inner epidermis of the tegmen (asterisks). Specimens, Catefica 150-S174254 (a, b), Catefica 49-S170377 (c), Catefica 49-S170372 (d), Catefica 50-S170401 (e), Catefica 50-S170404 (f), Catefica 50-S174906 (g). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–e, g), 6 Μm (f).
Microscopy image data of a titration series with DNA surface strands and condensate-forming DNA nanomotifs (repeat)
<p>The dataset contains microscopy image data of DNA-nanomotifs (color channel 2) that can form liquid-like condensates, especially in association with target DNA strands that can act as condensation surfaces (color channel 1). The data were recorded on a VisiTech iSIM microscopy with a 40X water immersion objective (Apo LWD 40x WI λS DIC N2, NA 1.15). Images were recorded using dual ORCA-Flash4.0 V3 cameras with simultaneous two-channel acquisition to avoid displacement of objects due to consecutive acquisition of color channels. The file names contain the flow channel number, the presence of condensation surfaces (SX4), and the amount of added nanomotif solution in microliters (NX in µl).</p> <p>The image files are in the .nd2 Nikon proprietary format, but can be read with the OME bioformats libraries.</p> <p>Scripts for the analysis of these data are available via a GitHub repository: <a href="https://github.com/lhilbert/SurfacesAndCondensates" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/lhilbert/SurfacesAndCondensates</a></p> <p>This repository contains data recorded on 10 March, 2023</p> <p>The file size of data were too large, so additional repositories were opened. The complete date need to be also downloaded from these additional repositories:</p> <p>EXTRA DATA 1/2: 10.5281/zenodo.13788977</p> <pre><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13788977" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13788977</a></pre> <p>EXTRA DATA 2/2: 10.5281/zenodo.13789555</p> <pre><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13789555" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13789555</a></pre> <pre> </pre> <p>There is another data set that contains a repeat of the same conditions, recorded on 13 March, 2023, under the following link</p> <pre><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13788484" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13788484</a></pre> <p><br>From these data sets, two concentration conditions were excluded from further analysis, as described in the file <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/records/15231478/draft/files/Zenodo_Titration_Exclusions.pdf/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Zenodo_Titration_Exclusions.pdf</a></p>
Wintertime daily Arctic sea ice surface form drag from ASCAT during 2006-2021
<p>This dataset contains wintertime (Nov-Apr) daily Arctic sea ice surface form drag derived from ASCAT (2006-2021). The spatial resolution is 12.5*12.5 km projected onto a polar stereographic grid. The daily file (in netCDF format) contains three variables: Cdnfr, Cdn, and SIC_90_label. Cdnfr is the surface form drag (at 10m and in neutral stability), which is only valid for pixels with sea ice concentration (SIC) over 90%. Cdn is the total drag coefficient over sea ice as a sum of skin drag, surface form drag (Cdnfr), and floe form drag. SIC_90_label is a binary map labeling pixels with SIC>90% as 1. The geolocation information is provided in "PS_12500_grid_lat_lon.nc", which contains longitude and latitude for each grid cell and projection information. For the use of the dataset and details of the retrieval algorithm, please cite and read the following paper:<br>Zhang Z, Hui F, Shokr M, et al. Winter Arctic Sea Ice Surface Form Drag During 1999–2021: Satellite Retrieval and Spatiotemporal Variability[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2023, doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2023.3347694.</p>
Wintertime daily Arctic sea ice surface form drag from QuikSCAT during 1999-2009
<p>This dataset contains wintertime (Nov-Apr) daily Arctic sea ice surface form drag derived from QuikSCAT (1999-2009). The spatial resolution is 12.5*12.5 km projected onto a polar stereographic grid. The daily file (in netCDF format) contains three variables: Cdnfr, Cdn, and SIC_90_label. Cdnfr is the surface form drag (at 10m and in neutral stability), which is only valid for pixels with sea ice concentration (SIC) over 90%. Cdn is the total drag coefficient over sea ice as a sum of skin drag, surface form drag (Cdnfr), and floe form drag. SIC_90_label is a binary map labeling pixels with SIC>90% as 1. The geolocation information is provided in "PS_12500_grid_lat_lon.nc", which contains longitude and latitude for each grid cell and projection information. For the use of the dataset and details of the retrieval algorithm, please cite and read the following paper:</p> <p>Zhang Z, Hui F, Shokr M, et al. Winter Arctic Sea Ice Surface Form Drag During 1999–2021: Satellite Retrieval and Spatiotemporal Variability[J]. <em>IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing</em>, 2023, doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2023.3347694.</p>
Surface feature height, spacing and form drag coefficients over Arctic sea ice from Operation IceBridge, 2009-2015
<p>Data used to estimate the neutral form drag coefficient over Arctic sea ice using high-resolution IceBridge laser (ATM) data, from Petty et al., (2017). The data here include the raw 1D linear profiling (along the edge of the ATM swath) data of surface feature data: e.g. 1km_xyres2m_20cm/1D/[year]/ and also 10 km mean along-track surface feature and form drag estimates: 1km_xyres2m_20cm/1D/ATMO/.</p> <p>The code to generate these data can be found here: https://github.com/akpetty/ibdrag2017. The Python pickle files have been converted to CSV here to aid data ingestion. 2D surface feature data using the same input data can be found here: https://zenodo.org/record/6617715</p> <p>The following raw IceBridge datasets are used to create these data:</p> <ul> <li>L1B ATM data: <a href="https://nsidc.org/data/docs/daac/icebridge/ilatm1b/">https://nsidc.org/data/docs/daac/icebridge/ilatm1b/</a>.</li> <li>L1B DMS imagery: <a href="http://nsidc.org/data/iodms1b%7D">http://nsidc.org/data/iodms1b}</a>.</li> <li>IceBridge IDCSI4 and quick-look sea ice thickness data: <a href="http://nsidcorg/data/docs/daac/icebridge/evaluation_products/sea">http://nsidcorg/data/docs/daac/icebridge/evaluation_products/sea</a>-ice-freeboard-snowdepth-thickness-quicklook-index.html and <a href="http://nsidc.org/data/idcsi4.html">http://nsidc.org/data/idcsi4.html</a>.</li> </ul> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>Petty, A. A., M. C. Tsamados, N. T. Kurtz, S. L. Farrell, T. Newman, J. P. Harbeck, D. L. Feltham, and J. A. Richter-Menge (2016), Characterizing Arctic sea ice topography using high-resolution IceBridge data, The Cryosphere, 10(3), 1161–1179, doi:10.5194/tc-10-1161-2016.</p> <p>Petty, A. A., M. C. Tsamados, N. T. Kurtz (2017), Atmospheric form drag over Arctic sea ice using remotely sensed ice topography observations, J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf., 122, doi:10.1002/2017JF004209.</p>
FIGURE. Floral habit and structure of C. spongifolia. A. Type specimen in situ with open, spathe limb (apex is reflexed out of view), and green spathe tube (ca. 6 cm long). B. Adjacent plant with inflorescences and prophylls. C. Spadix showing from top: sterile appendix, staminate (male) zone, sterile interstice, and green pistillate (female) zone with tapered, conical form. D. Detail of female zone showing a few basal staminodes. E–G. Berries of the preserved type specimen. G. Dissected berry with orthotropous ovules (some outlined) attached by funicles to parietal placentae (arrows). H. Surface of male zone showing closely-packed synandria. I. Synandria separated to show fused anther sacs beneath apical pores (example in center has 8 pores, 8 anthers) J. Mature fruiting head, with single berry removed to show seed packing and 67 seeds extracted (scale bar units: 1 mm) (Bach Ma NP; type 2020; fruit and seeds 2018). Photos: NVD and PJM. in Colocasia spongifolia sp. nov. (Araceae) in southern China and central Vietnam
FIGURE. Floral habit and structure of C. spongifolia. A. Type specimen in situ with open, spathe limb (apex is reflexed out of view), and green spathe tube (ca. 6 cm long). B. Adjacent plant with inflorescences and prophylls. C. Spadix showing from top: sterile appendix, staminate (male) zone, sterile interstice, and green pistillate (female) zone with tapered, conical form. D. Detail of female zone showing a few basal staminodes. E–G. Berries of the preserved type specimen. G. Dissected berry with orthotropous ovules (some outlined) attached by funicles to parietal placentae (arrows). H. Surface of male zone showing closely-packed synandria. I. Synandria separated to show fused anther sacs beneath apical pores (example in center has 8 pores, 8 anthers) J. Mature fruiting head, with single berry removed to show seed packing and 67 seeds extracted (scale bar units: 1 mm) (Bach Ma NP; type 2020; fruit and seeds 2018). Photos: NVD and PJM.
FIGURE 16 in Taxonomy of epilithic diatoms and teratological forms under the presence of metals in surface sediment
FIGURE 16. Epilithic diatoms from Cascavel River micro-watershed in SEM. A–B. Nitzschia clausii. C–D. N. inconspicua, external and internal views. E–F. N. perminuta. G–H. Iconella curvula. I. I. delicatissima. Scale bars: 2 µm (Figs B–H), 5 µm (Fig. A), 10 µm (Fig. I).
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.