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8 results for “tensile properties”
Tensile Properties of Flax Fibre Bundles with Graphene Oxide Coating
<p>In the current datasheet, authors report the effect of graphene oxide treatment on tensile behaviour of single flax fibre bundles. As graphene oxide is hydrophilic with many hydroxyl functional groups, it is expected to bond with technical fibres and increase the stress transfer in a flax yarn.</p> <p> Graphene oxide (GO) aqueous dispersion with 1.2 wt % is prepared based on the modified Hummer’s method. GO is physically adsorbed on fibres by immersion of flax yarns into the aqueous dispersion for 24 hr. Fibres are dried at 80 C for 2 hr followed by 48 hr at 60 C. To differentiate between the effect of GO treatment and the potential loss in the tensile strength and tensile stiffness of fibres, authors report the data in 4 subclasses:</p> <ul> <li>As received flax yarns (dried at 60 C for 48 hr): labelled ‘as received’</li> <li>Kept in deionised water for 30 min: tagged ’30 min’</li> <li>Placed in deionised water for 24 hr: marked ’24 hr’</li> <li>Flax fibres immersed in 1.2 wt % GO aqueous dispersion for 24 hr: labelled ‘GO’</li> </ul> <p>Tensile test of single natural fibres is a challenging measurement. This is mainly due to the hierarchical and nonhomogenous structure of single fibres and difficulty in their extraction. The test methods are not standard, and the final data is very scattered. As an alternative method, we report the tensile properties of flax fibre bundles based on the impregnated fibre bundle test (IFBT) [1].</p> <p>Materials and brief description of the methodology can be found in the datasheet under ‘method’ tab. Flax fibre bundles were extracted from AmpliTex 5009 flax fabrics kindly provided by Bcomp. The matrix was Epikote 828 LVEL epoxy resin with Dytek DCH-99 hardener.</p> <p>Impregnated fibre bundle tests were performed with Instron 5567 and 30 kN loadcell, with 120 mm gauge length and 4% min <sup>-1</sup> strain rate. The strain was measured by a 50 mm clip-on extensometer. The abrasive paper was placed without glue in between the testing clamps and the samples. All samples were stored one week before test in a controlled environment of RH 50 % and 25 C.</p> <p>In the current datasheet, authors report the effect of graphene oxide treatment on tensile behaviour of single flax fibre bundles. As graphene oxide is hydrophilic with many hydroxyl functional groups, it is expected to bond with technical fibres and increase the stress transfer in a flax yarn.</p> <p> Graphene oxide (GO) aqueous dispersion with 1.2 wt % is prepared based on the modified Hummer’s method. GO is physically adsorbed on fibres by immersion of flax yarns into the aqueous dispersion for 24 hr. Fibres are dried at 80 C for 2 hr followed by 48 hr at 60 C. To differentiate between the effect of GO treatment and the potential loss in the tensile strength and tensile stiffness of fibres, authors report the data in 4 subclasses:</p> <ul> <li>As received flax yarns (dried at 60 C for 48 hr): labelled ‘as received’</li> <li>Kept in deionised water for 30 min: tagged ’30 min’</li> <li>Placed in deionised water for 24 hr: marked ’24 hr’</li> <li>Flax fibres immersed in 1.2 wt % GO aqueous dispersion for 24 hr: labelled ‘GO’</li> </ul> <p>Tensile test of single natural fibres is a challenging measurement. This is mainly due to the hierarchical and nonhomogenous structure of single fibres and difficulty in their extraction. The test methods are not standard, and the final data is very scattered. As an alternative method, we report the tensile properties of flax fibre bundles based on the impregnated fibre bundle test (IFBT) [1].</p> <p>Materials and brief description of the methodology can be found in the datasheet under ‘method’ tab. Flax fibre bundles were extracted from AmpliTex 5009 flax fabrics kindly provided by Bcomp. The matrix was Epikote 828 LVEL epoxy resin with Dytek DCH-99 hardener.</p> <p>Impregnated fibre bundle tests were performed with Instron 5567 and 30 kN loadcell, with 120 mm gauge length and 4% min <sup>-1</sup> strain rate. The strain was measured by a 50 mm clip-on extensometer. The abrasive paper was placed without glue in between the testing clamps and the samples. All samples were stored one week before test in a controlled environment of RH 50 % and 25 C.</p>
Effect of acetone on the tensile properties of single flax fibres
<p>The single fibre tensile test data showing the effect of acetone on flax fibres.</p> <p>This document shows the effect of acetone on the tensile properties of single flax fibres. Acetone can be used to extract lipophilic from natural fibre surfaces and as a solvent for surface modification of fibres. For instance, the cellulose acetate/acetone solution can be used for interfacial toughening of flax-epoxy composites:<br> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106628</p> <p>However, it is essential to minimise the dip-coating time of the fabrics in acetone, to e.g., 5 seconds. The main reason is to avoid excessive hemicellulose and pectin extraction from fibres that act as a matrix and binder within the flax fibre microstructure.</p> <p>This document is provided as complementary data to the previously published article in the Journal of Composites Part A (published by Elsevier) by Javanshour et al. (Tampere University, Finland) and funded by FibreNet MSCA-ITN (European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 764713-FibreNet):<br> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106628</p>
Room temperature and elevated temperature tensile test and elastic properties data of Al-alloy EN AW-2618A after different aging times and temperatures
<p><span>The dataset contains two types of data: elastic properties (Young's and shear modulus, Poisson's ratio) between room temperature and 250 °C and a set of tensile tests at different aging times, aging temperatures, and test temperatures. </span></p>
Tensile properties of glaucomatous human sclera, optic nerve, and optic nerve sheath
<p><strong><span>Purpose</span></strong><span>. <span>We characterized the tensile behavior of sclera, optic nerve (ON), and ON sheath in eyes from donors with glaucoma, for comparison with published data without glaucoma.</span></span></p> <p><strong><span>Methods</span></strong><span>. <span>Twelve freshly harvested eyes were obtained from donors with history of glaucoma, of average age 86±7 (standard deviation) years. Rectangular samples were taken from anterior, equatorial, posterior, and peripapillary sclera, and ON sheath, while ON was in native form and measured using calipers. Under physiological temperature and humidity, tissues were preconditioned at 5% strain before loading at 0.1 mm/s. Force-displacement data were converted into engineering stress-strain curves fit by </span></span><span>reduced polynomial hyperelastic models</span><span>, and analyzed by tangent moduli at 3% and 7% strain. Data were compared with an age-matched sample of 7 published control eyes.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Results</span></strong><span>. <span>Optic atrophy was supported by significant reduction in ON cross-section to 73% of normal in glaucomatous eyes. Glaucomatous was significantly stiffer than control <span> </span>in equatorial and peripapillary regions (P<0.001). However, glaucomatous ON and sheath were significantly less stiff than control, particularly at low strain (P<0.001). Hyperelastic models were well fit to stress-strain data (R<sup>2</sup>>0.997). Tangent moduli had variability similar to control in most regions, but was abnormally large in peripapillary sclera. Tensile properties were varied independently among various regions of the same eyes. </span></span></p> <p><strong><span>Conclusion</span></strong><span>. <span>Glaucomatous sclera is abnormally stiff, but the ON and sheath are abnormally compliant. These abnormalities correspond to properties predicted by finite element analysis to transfer potentially pathologic stress to the vulnerable disc and lamina cribrosa region during adduction eye movement.</span></span></p>
Relating hydro-mechanical and elastodynamic properties of dynamically-stressed tensile-fractured rock in relation to fracture aperture and contact area
<p>We exploit nonlinear elastodynamic properties of fractured rock to probe the micro-scale mechanics of fractures and understand the relation between fluid transport and fracture aperture and area, stiffness proxy, under dynamic stressing. Experiments are conducted on rough, tensile-fractured Westerly granite specimen subject to triaxial stresses. Fracture permeability is measured from steady-state fluid flow with deionized water. Pore pressure oscillations are applied at amplitudes ranging from 0.2 to 1~MPa at 1~Hz frequency. During dynamic stressing we transmit acoustic signals through the fracture using an array of piezoelectric transducers (PZTs) to monitor the evolution of fracture interface properties. We examine the influence of fracture aperture and contact area by conducting measurements at effective normal stresses of 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, and 20~MPa. Additionally, the evolution of contact area with stress is characterized using pressure sensitive film. These experiments are conducted separately with the same fracture and they map contact area at stresses from 9 to 21~MPa. The resulting `true' area of contact measurements made for the entire fracture surface and within the calculated PZT sensor footprints, numerical modeling of Fresnel zone. We compare the elastodynamic response of the the fracture using the stress-induced changes ultrasonic wave velocities for a range of transmitter-receiver pairs to image spatial variations in contact properties, which is informed by fracture contact area measurements. These measurements of the nonlinear elasticity are related to the fluid-flow, permeability, in response to dynamic stressing and similar comparisons are made for the slow-dynamics, recovery, of the fracture interface following the stress perturbations.</p>
Quasi-static tensile properties of PMMA (Elium 188) and Epoxy (Epopox A-28) resins
<p>The quasi-static tensile properties of PMMA (Elium 188) and Epoxy (Epopox A-28) resins are summarised in Table 1. <br> </p> <ul> </ul> <table> <caption>Table 1. The average tensile properties of epoxy (Epopox A-28) and PMMA (Elium 188) resins</caption> <tbody> <tr> <td>Property</td> <td>Epoxy</td> <td> PMMA</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Young's modulus of elasticity (GPa)</td> <td>2.3 <span class="math-tex">\(± \)</span> 0.1</td> <td>2.6 <span class="math-tex">\(± \)</span> 0.1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Tensile failure strength (MPa)</td> <td>53.7 <span class="math-tex">\(± \)</span> 1.1</td> <td>63.5 <span class="math-tex">\(± \)</span> 0.3</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Elongation at failure (%)</td> <td>6.1 <span class="math-tex">\(± \)</span> 0.4</td> <td>6.6 <span class="math-tex">\(± \)</span> 0.3</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p><strong>Summary of the materials</strong>:</p> <ul> <li>The epoxy was a standard resin (Epopox A-28, Amroy Europe, Lahti, Finland) polymerised by a polyether diamine hardener (Jeffamine D-23, Hunstman, Texas, USA) with a 35 wt% hardener to epoxy ratio. The resin was degassed before casting into an aluminium-made mould. The resin was cured following the manufacturer's instructions (i: at 90 °C for 24 h. ii: 150 °C for 2 h). The Epopox A-28 was used as an alternative for EPON 828 epoxy resin.</li> <li>The PMMA was in-situ polymerised at the ambient conditions by mixing a liquid methyl methacrylate thermoplastic resin (Elium 188, Arkema, Colombes, France) and dibenzoyl peroxide initiator (BP-50-FT1, United Initiators GmbH, Pullach, Germany) with 3 wt% initiators to resin ratio. The resin was degassed before casting into an aluminium-made mould. </li> </ul> <p><strong>Summary of the tensile testing</strong></p> <p>The quasi-static tensile tests were performed using a universal testing machine (model 5967, Instron, MA, USA). The testing was performed according to the ISO 527 testing standard. The dimensions of the dog-bone shape coupons were 4 mm (thickness) <span class="math-tex">\(× \)</span> 10 mm (width) <span class="math-tex">\(× \)</span> 170 mm (full-length). The gauge length was 50 mm. The specimen was prepared as 1A type in ISO 527. <br> The tensile tests were performed by 30 kN load cell and 2 mm/min displacement rate. The displacement was recorded by a clip-on extensometer.</p>
Synergistic effects of micro and macro-sized palm kernel shell fillers on the tensile properties of HDPE composites
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Predicting the tensile properties of Wood Plastic Composites using material extrusion with Meta-based Few-Shot Learning
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