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48 results for “truffles”
APPENDIX 2 in Typification of the four most investigated and valuable truffles: Tuber aestivum Vittad., T. borchii Vittad., T. magnatum Picco and T. melanosporum Vittad.
APPENDIX 2. — Tuber melanosporum Vittad. epitype: different cut of peridium structure × 40. Scale bar: 50 µm.
FIG. 5 in Typification of the four most investigated and valuable truffles: Tuber aestivum Vittad., T. borchii Vittad., T. magnatum Picco and T. melanosporum Vittad.
FIG. 5. — Cross sections of peridia, asci and spores A, B, Tuber aestivum epitype; C, D, T. borchii epitype; E, F, T. magnatum neotype; G, H, T. melanosporum epitype. Scales bars A, C, E, G, 50 µm; B, D, F, H, 20 µm.
FIG. 4 in Typification of the four most investigated and valuable truffles: Tuber aestivum Vittad., T. borchii Vittad., T. magnatum Picco and T. melanosporum Vittad.
FIG. 4. — Ascomata of A) epitype of Tuber aestivum Vittad. (AQUI 10150); B) epitype of T. borchii Vittad. (AQUI 10151); neotype of T. magnatum Vittad (TO HG3458); epitype of T. melanosporum Vittad. (AQUI 10152). Scales bars: 1 cm.
APPENDIX 4 in Typification of the four most investigated and valuable truffles: Tuber aestivum Vittad., T. borchii Vittad., T. magnatum Picco and T. melanosporum Vittad.
APPENDIX 4. — Lectotype of Tuber griseum Borch ex Pers.sanct.Fries (1823), "Truffe grise" De Borch (1780 1st figure).
FIG. 3. — Table II in Typification of the four most investigated and valuable truffles: Tuber aestivum Vittad., T. borchii Vittad., T. magnatum Picco and T. melanosporum Vittad.
FIG. 3. — Table II, lectotypes of Tuber melanosporum Vittad. (red arrowed) and Tuber aestivum Vittad. (black arrowed).
FIG. 1 in Typification of the four most investigated and valuable truffles: Tuber aestivum Vittad., T. borchii Vittad., T. magnatum Picco and T. melanosporum Vittad.
FIG. 1. — Maximum likelihood tree obtained from the alignment of ITS nuclear rDNA region sequences showing relationships among Tuber taxa and types. Sequences obtained during this study are indicated in bold. Bootstrap values ≥ 70% are indicated on the nodes of branches. The scale indicates the number of substitutions per site. Pithya vulgaris Fuckel was included as outgroup.
APPENDIX 1 in Typification of the four most investigated and valuable truffles: Tuber aestivum Vittad., T. borchii Vittad., T. magnatum Picco and T. melanosporum Vittad.
APPENDIX 1. — Surface of an ascoma of Tuber aestivum Vittad. showing transverse streaks in peridium warts.
APPENDIX 3 in Typification of the four most investigated and valuable truffles: Tuber aestivum Vittad., T. borchii Vittad., T. magnatum Picco and T. melanosporum Vittad.
APPENDIX 3. — Wulfen's description of Lycoperdon aestivum basionym of Rhizopogon aestivus (Wulfen) Fr.(1823) and Tuber aestivum (Wulfen) Spreng. (1827).
APPENDIX 3 in Typification of the four most investigated and valuable truffles: Tuber aestivum Vittad., T. borchii Vittad., T. magnatum Picco and T. melanosporum Vittad.
APPENDIX 3. — Continuation.
FIG. 2. — Table I in Typification of the four most investigated and valuable truffles: Tuber aestivum Vittad., T. borchii Vittad., T. magnatum Picco and T. melanosporum Vittad.
FIG. 2. — Table I (XX),lectotype of Tuber borchii Vittad.(red arrowed).
APPENDIX 3 in Typification of the four most investigated and valuable truffles: Tuber aestivum Vittad., T. borchii Vittad., T. magnatum Picco and T. melanosporum Vittad.
APPENDIX 3. — Continuation.
APPENDIX 5 in Typification of the four most investigated and valuable truffles: Tuber aestivum Vittad., T. borchii Vittad., T. magnatum Picco and T. melanosporum Vittad.
APPENDIX 5.— Lectotype of Tuber nigrum Bull. (Herbier de la France8: t. 356,1788).
Data from: How the truffle got its mate: insights from genetic structure in spontaneous and planted Mediterranean populations of Tuber melanosporum
The life cycles and dispersal of edible fungi are still poorly known, thus limiting our understanding of their evolution and domestication. The prized Tuber melanosporum produces fruitbodies (fleshy organs where meiospores mature) gathered in natural, spontaneously inoculated forests or harvested in plantations of nursery-inoculated trees. Yet, how fruitbodies are formed remains unclear, thus limiting yields, and how current domestication attempts affect population genetic structure is overlooked. Fruitbodies result from mating between two haploid individuals: the maternal parent forms the flesh and the meiospores, while the paternal parent only contributes to the meiospores. We analyzed the genetic diversity of T. melanosporum comparatively in spontaneous forests versus plantations, using SSR polymorphism of 950 samples from South-East France. All populations displayed strong genetic isolation by distance at the metric scale, possibly due to animal dispersal, meiospore persistence in soil, and/or exclusion of unrelated individuals by vegetative incompatibility. High inbreeding was consistently found, suggesting that parents often develop from meiospores produced by the same fruitbody. Unlike maternal genotypes, paternal mycelia contributed to few fruitbodies each, did not persist over years, and were undetectable on tree mycorrhizae. Thus, we postulate that germlings from the soil spore bank act as paternal partners. Paternal genetic diversity and outbreeding were higher in plantations than in spontaneous truffle-grounds, perhaps because truffle growers disperse fruitbodies to maintain inoculation in plantations. However, planted and spontaneous populations were not genetically isolated, so that T. melanosporum illustrates an early step of domestication where genetic structure remains little affected.
Data to the paper: Changes in black truffle (Tuber Melanosporum) aroma during storage under different conditions
<p>For the storage experiment of truffles (tuber melanosporum):</p> <p>-Meta data matrix</p> <p>-Allignment matrix from MSDial</p> <p>-Input Matrix for MetaboAnalyst</p> <p>-Peak intensity levels over time for all spectra</p> <p>-R-Script for the creation of Figure 3 and Figure 4 from "Allignment matrix from MSDial.xlsx"</p>
FIGURE 2. The Bayesian 50 in Tulasnella tubericola (Tulasnellaceae, Cantharellales, Basidiomycota): a new Rhizoctonia-like fungus associated with mycorrhizal evergreen oak plants artificially inoculated with black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) in Spain
FIGURE 2. The Bayesian 50% majority-rule consensus tree inferred from sequences of the ITS region of rDNA. Numbers above and below nodes represent bayesian posterior probabilities. Phylogram was rooted with an ITS sequence of Botryobasidium botryosum.
FIGURE 1. Tulasnella tubericola CECT 20958 in Tulasnella tubericola (Tulasnellaceae, Cantharellales, Basidiomycota): a new Rhizoctonia-like fungus associated with mycorrhizal evergreen oak plants artificially inoculated with black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) in Spain
FIGURE 1. Tulasnella tubericola CECT 20958 (holotype). a-c. morphological aspect in PDA culture (front view) at several temperatures; d. runner hyphae; e. monilioid-like hyphal elements; f. chains of monilioid cells; g. bi- and tri-nucleate hyphae
FIGURE 3 in Tuber sinoniveum, a new white Chinese truffle species from Yunnan, China
FIGURE 3. Tuber sinoniveum sp. nov. (HKAS 88792, holotype). a. Ascoma and section. b. Peridium section. c. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of ascospore. d, e. Light micrographs (LM) of asci and ascospores. f. Cystidia.
FIGURE 2 in Tuber sinoniveum, a new white Chinese truffle species from Yunnan, China
FIGURE 2. Phylogeny generated from (ML) maximum likelihood analysis of the ITS-nrLSU combined sequences from T. sinoniveum sp. nov. and related species. Tuber magnatum served as an outgroup. Bootstrap (BP) values derived from ML analysis (≥70%) and Posterior Probabilities (PPs) from Bayesian Inference (≥0.90) are shown above or beneath the branches at nodes. The novel sequence is in bold.
FIGURE 1 in Tuber sinoniveum, a new white Chinese truffle species from Yunnan, China
FIGURE 1. Phylogeny generated from (ML) maximum likelihood analysis of the ITS rDNA sequences from T. sinoniveum sp. nov. and related species. Tuber magnatum served as an outgroup. Bootstrap (BP) values derived from ML analysis (≥70%) and Posterior Probabilities (PPs) from Bayesian Inference (≥0.90) are shown above or beneath the branches at nodes. The novel sequence is in bold.
FIGURE 2 in Tuber griseolivaceum sp. nov., a new olive-gray truffle species from China based on morphological and DNA data
FIGURE 2. Tuber griseolivaceum (BJTC FAN469, holotype). a. Ascomata. b–c. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of ascospore. d–f. Light micrograph (LM) of asci and ascospores.
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