Fig. 22 in Widespread polytypic species or complexes of local species? Revising bumblebees of the subgenus Melanobombus world-wide (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)

Fig. 22. Most likely dated phylogenetic (ultrametric) tree for the species of the subgenus Melanobombus reconstructed von Dalla Torre, 1880 with *BEAST from trees for four genes (COI, 16S, PEPCK, opsin) with B. nobilis Friese, 1905 as the outgroup (not shown), estimated as the maximum-clade-credibility tree among a sample of 10 000 species trees with a 1% burn-in out of 100 million MCMC trees. Values above the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities showing support for groups. Values below the nodes are estimated dates of divergence in Ma (millions of years before the present) calibrated from a molecular estimate for the date of crown divergence within the subgenus Melanobombus. Grey bars show the 95% confidence limits on the estimated dates of divergence. Species groups discussed in the text are labelled in circles: rp = rufipes-group; fs = festivus-group; rf = rufofasciatus-group; tg = tanguticus-group; la = lapidarius-group; si = sichelii-group; and ke = keriensis-group.