FIGURES 9–11 in Empria longicornis species group: taxonomic revision with notes on phylogeny and ecology (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)

FIGURES 9–11. Landmarks (LMs) used in geometric morphometric (GM) analyses of penis valves and ovipositors, and some linear measurements: 9, landmarks (black circles: 1, base of the dorso-apical tooth of valviceps; 2, apical-most part of teethrow of valviceps; 4, basal-most part of teethrow of valviceps; 5, tip of dorso-basal part of valviceps; 7, dorsal joint between valvura and valviceps; 8, ventral joint between valvura and valviceps), semi-landmarks (white circles: 3, midway between landmarks 2 and 4; 6, midway between landmarks 5 and 7; 9, junction of valvular duct and ventral edge of penis valve; 10, tip of basal part of valvura), and linear measurements (LM1-LM7 as the "length of valviceps", LM7-LM10 as the "length of valvura", and LM1-LM10 as the "length of penis valve") of penis valves; 10, linear measurements of the basal-most serrula-bearing annulus of the valvula 1 (horizontal arrow, distance between dorso-basal parts of the serrulae; vertical arrow, distance from dorso-basal part of the serrula to the dorsal joint between two annuli); 11, landmarks (black circles) of the valvula 1.