The combined effects of resource landscapes and herbivory on pollination services in agro-ecosystems

<p>We apply a resource landscape approach to map the spatial distribution of floral resources across landscapes using neighbourhood modelling and empirical data on floral availability at specific land-use types. In each of 25 Mediterranean landscapes, spanning a gradient of natural-agricultural land use intensity, we established a pair of arrays of potted phytometer plants (White Wall-rocket, <em>Diplotaxis erucoides</em>)<em> </em>that were either aphid-infested or aphid-free. In each array, we recorded the activity of insect flower visitors and subsequent seed-set. At the same time, we also recorded the relative flower abundance in dominant land uses at 1 km radii around each array.</p>