Figure 38 in High and dry: integrative taxonomy of the Andean spider genus Nerudia (Araneae: Pholcidae)

Figure 38. Nerudia ola sp. nov.; male chromosome plates. Panels C, D contain a scheme of the sex chromosome multivalent (blue – X chromosomes, orange – Y chromosome). A, mitotic metaphase, 2n = 24. Note the predomination of biarmed chromosomes. B, diffuse stage. Note the cross-shaped multivalent consisting of four sex chromosomes. The multivalent exhibits positive heteropycnosis. C, D, metaphases I consisting of ten bivalents and a sex chromosome multivalent comprising three X chromosomes and a Y chromosome. Multivalent delimited by dotted line. One X chromosome is not included in the multivalent at D. E, early metaphase II containing the X chromosomes (n = 13). It is impossible to distinguish the X chromosomes from other chromosomes. F, early metaphase II containing the Y chromosome (n = 11). It is impossible to distinguish the Y chromosome from other chromosomes. Abbreviations: m, sex chromosome multivalent; X, X chromosome; Y, Y chromosome. Scale lines: 10 µm.