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3,673 results for “practices”
A Dive into the State of the Practice of Brazilian Game Software Ecosystems - Codes and Relationships Dictionary (PT-BR)
<p>This spreadsheet is related to Grounded Theory open and axial coding processes regarding the answers captured by the survey about the identification of positives, negatives, and opportunities in Brazilian Game Software Ecosystems (https://zenodo.org/record/6632485#.YqV2XajMKW). It is essential to note that the responses are in the native language of the target audience (Brazilian Portuguese).</p>
A Dive into the State of the Practice of Brazilian Game Software Ecosystems - Survey Answers (PT-BR)
<p>This spreadsheet is related to the answers provided by the survey participants about identifying positive, negative, and opportunities in the Brazilian Game Software Ecosystems. It is essential to highlight that the answers are in the native language of the target audience (Brazilian Portuguese). The authors translated only the statements, the answers to the closed questions, and the auxiliary texts of the survey form. In other words, only the answers to the open questions remain in Brazilian Portuguese.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Schmeller D, Henle K, Loyau A, Besnard A, Henry P (2012) Bird-monitoring in Europe – a first overview of practices, motivations and aims. Nature Conservation 2: 41-57. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.2.3644
The questionnaire was designed to assess how biodiversity monitoring schemes were carried out and what the motivation was to launch that scheme.
Figure 11. Practical realization of the EKG amplifier
<p>The electronic circuit was assembled on two dubly copper placated test plates which were<br> placed on a chassis made up of a hard plastic plate (Figure11). The preamplifier was armoured with<br> an iron plate to reduce the influence of the electric network. The entire assembly was introduced in<br> a plastic box specially designed for electronit fittings. The linking cables of the three electrodes are<br> also armoured and connect to the electronic module via RCA sockets.</p>
Dataset for the Article entitled "Dissociable effects of practice variability on learning motor and timing skills"
<p>Dataset collected for studying the effect of the amount and the schedule of task variability on motor and timing learning.</p>
State of Practice and Challenges of Issue Management for Component-based and Service-Oriented Systems: An Empirical Study
<p>Modern software systems often consist of independently developed components, e.g., libraries or (micro-)services, that can be combined to form a larger architecture. Many of these components are developed externally, i.e., in other projects by other teams, which is particularly the case in service-oriented architectures. Even though the components are independently developed, bugs may arise that propagate along the call chains, which sometimes negatively affect the calling components. However, as such components are typically managed in separate issue management systems (IMS), identifying that a downstream component is affected by an upstream component's issues is complex and time-consuming. Even though some scientific works and IMS forums discuss how to manage such cross-component issues, there is no systematic study on the state of practice and the challenges of issue management when different components are affected. Therefore, this study aims to determine which types of components are usually included in modern software projects, how developers identify and manage issue propagation between components, and how often they face such propagations. To get these insights, we conducted an empirical study through a questionnaire with 64 industry experts and open-source contributors and interviewed seven of them. Our key takeaways help researchers and software engineers to understand possible impacts and to improve cross-component issue management. We identified, for example, that related issues currently are non-semantically linked via URLs in issue comments.</p>
Fig. 4 in A practical, step-by-step, guide to taxonomic comparisons using Procrustes geometric morphometrics and user-friendly software (part B): group comparisons
Fig. 4. Ordinations summarizing species variation in shape using the first two axes of (a) a conventional PCA (total variance in parentheses) or (b) those of a bgPCA (between group variance in parentheses).
Fig. 3 in A practical, step-by-step, guide to taxonomic comparisons using Procrustes geometric morphometrics and user-friendly software (part B): group comparisons
Fig. 3. Visualizations of species by sex interactions using group means.a. Mean CS profile plot. For size, males are on average slightly larger than females, but the difference is small and roughly similar in all species. Thus, lines are approximately parallel in the profile plot. b. Phenogram of mean shapes. In the phenogram, with the exception of the Alaskan marmot (bro) (whose sampling error is huge, having only eight individuals of known sex), female and male means are paired within each species with almost identical shape distances between sexes in each species. The similarity of SDM shape distances provides an information equivalent, in terms of the magnitude of the sex differences, to that of the parallel lines in the CS profile plot (Fig. 3a).
Fig. 7 in A practical, step-by-step, guide to taxonomic comparisons using Procrustes geometric morphometrics and user-friendly software (part B): group comparisons
Fig. 7. UPGMA phenogram of Procrustes mean shape distances for the random, mutually exclusive, species subsamples. Shape variation (magnified five times, relative to the grand mean of all species) is illustrated using the six species mean shapes (all specimens included) with wireframes and thin-plate spline deformation grids (drawn in Morpheus et al. - Slice 1999) - but equivalent to those made using MorphoJ or the TPS Series).
Fig. 6 in A practical, step-by-step, guide to taxonomic comparisons using Procrustes geometric morphometrics and user-friendly software (part B): group comparisons
Fig. 6. PC1–PC2 of mean shapes for the random, mutually exclusive, species subsamples. Shape variation (magnified five times) at the opposite extremes of each PC is shown using wireframes, as well as deformation grids and expansion factors computed in PAST using the thin plate spline interpolation. (In these wireframes, unlike those in MorphoJ, the mental foramen is also connected by a line to its neighbouring landmarks, as PAST constrains users to link all landmarks: the difference is, however, minimal and purely visual).
Fig. 5 in A practical, step-by-step, guide to taxonomic comparisons using Procrustes geometric morphometrics and user-friendly software (part B): group comparisons
Fig. 5. Example of visualization of shape change: hoary marmot SDM illustrated using (a) superimposed shapes (male mean, in black, and grand mean of female and male means, in grey) or separate diagrams for male (b) and female (c) mean shapes. Focusing on the coronoid region, the violet arrow shows the potentially misleading effect of the superimposition, suggesting a backward 'movement' of the tip of the coronoid in males. Separate diagrams (b–c), in contrast, correctly suggest that change happens in the region whose boundary are marked by the landmarks, with the rostral margin of the coronoid becoming longer (red arrow) in males and shorter (blue arrows) in females.
Fig. 9 in A practical, step-by-step, guide to taxonomic comparisons using Procrustes geometric morphometrics and user-friendly software (part B): group comparisons
Fig. 9. Divergent allometries and their effect on size-corrected shape. (a) PLS1 summarizing allometries (35% of variance in allometric predictions) vs CS. The vertical lines emphasize the scores of speciesspecific predicted allometric shapes for either the smallest mandible of all North American marmots (CS = 56 mm, emphasized with a vertical yellow line and arrows to show the extrapolations of the allometric trajectories to CS = 56 mm) or the mean CS of all species (CS = 77 mm, emphasized with a light grey vertical line). (b1) Scatterplot of bgPC1–2 (percentages of between group shape variance in parentheses) for the size-corrected shapes predicted using species-specific allometries (i.e., separate slopes) and CS = 56 mm as 'common' size. (b2, inset) Scatterplot of bgPC1–2 of size-corrected shapes using independent trajectories (as in b1) and CS = 77 mm: if differences in slopes were negligible, b1 and b2 should be almost identical.
Fig. 1 in A practical, step-by-step, guide to taxonomic comparisons using Procrustes geometric morphometrics and user-friendly software (part B): group comparisons
Fig. 1. Box and jitter-plots of CS, for each species. a. Separate plots for females, males and unknown individuals. b. Plots with pooled sexes. As in part A, as well as shown in Table 1, species names in all figures are abbreviated using the first three letters of the scientific name (e.g., caligata = cal) and F for female, M for male, and U for individuals of unknown sex.
Fig. 2 in A practical, step-by-step, guide to taxonomic comparisons using Procrustes geometric morphometrics and user-friendly software (part B): group comparisons
Fig. 2. Visualization of shape SDM in relation to interspecific differences using a bgPCA. In this, and other Figures, percentages of variance in the scatterplots of multivariate shape are shown in parentheses, below the label for the corresponding axis. On bgPC1–2, which together account for almost all between group variance (94%), there is a large overlap between females and males within each species, whereas, between species, the separation is clear.
Fig. 7 in A practical, step-by-step, guide to taxonomic comparisons using Procrustes geometric morphometrics and user-friendly software (part A): introduction and preliminary analyses
Fig. 7. Example of search for shape outliers (emphasized in red) in yellow-bellied marmots: (a) phenogram of shape; (b1-2) scatterplots of PC1 vs PC3 and PC4 vs PC9 (percentages of variance accounted for by each PC shown in parentheses); (c-d) visualization of individual 193 using displacement vectors for this specimen relative to the sample mean shape (c), as well as its original photograph (d).
Fig. 4 in A practical, step-by-step, guide to taxonomic comparisons using Procrustes geometric morphometrics and user-friendly software (part A): introduction and preliminary analyses
Fig. 4. Graphical examination of replicability in shape using the reduced 12 landmarks configuration. a. PCA scatterplot (in parentheses the variance accounted for by each PC) with convex hulls for the first (grey) and second (red) duplicate. b. Example of phenogram used to count 'sister duplicates' in the whole sample (the inset zooms in the phenogram to exemplify how duplicates 1 and 2 of each individual, e.g., number 97, a female, or number 81, a male, etc., should cluster in pairs, if ME is smaller than inter-individual differences).
Fig. 1 in A practical, step-by-step, guide to taxonomic comparisons using Procrustes geometric morphometrics and user-friendly software (part A): introduction and preliminary analyses
Fig. 1. Study flowchart for both preliminary (A) and main (B) analyses. The flowchart can be used as a reminder for the main analytical steps in a taxonomic study using GMM. To the same aim, at the end of part B, I added a checklist (Appendix B). In the flowchart, I have included the power analysis and few other analyses, which are optional (dotted lines). The power analysis is shown here connected to both the preliminary steps and the group comparisons, because it can be either prospective or retrospective. The sensitivity of results to the inclusion or exclusion of the smallest samples is also connected to both preliminary and main analyses, because it can be used at any step in the analysis. Sometimes (e.g., in the discriminant analysis (DA) of shape), if p is large relative to N and dimensionality reduction is needed, one could also assess the sensitivity of results to the inclusions of different number of PCs. I stress that, as discussed in the main text of both parts A and B, if a taxon is known to have a large SDM, which may vary in pattern depending on the species or subspecies, even preliminary analyses (such as those for ME or outlier detection) should probably be run with separate sexes.
Fig. 3. a in A practical, step-by-step, guide to taxonomic comparisons using Procrustes geometric morphometrics and user-friendly software (part A): introduction and preliminary analyses
Fig. 3. a. Final configuration, reduced to 12 landmarks after excluding low precision landmarks. b. Graphical examination of size replicability (12 landmarks configuration) using a plot of CS in the second duplicate against CS in the first duplicate.
Fig. 2. Initial configuration with 15 in A practical, step-by-step, guide to taxonomic comparisons using Procrustes geometric morphometrics and user-friendly software (part A): introduction and preliminary analyses
Fig. 2. Initial configuration with 15 landmarks (a) and analysis of absolute per-landmark imprecision (b, c). Figure 2b shows the profile plot for the summary statistics of per-landmark variance in the two digitizations. Figure 2c shows the scatter of landmarks purely due to digitization error (red landmarks mark the mean form, to which the differences between the first and second digitization were added).
Fig. A1 in A practical, step-by-step, guide to taxonomic comparisons using Procrustes geometric morphometrics and user-friendly software (part A): introduction and preliminary analyses
Fig. A1. Box and jitter plot of shape SDM estimated using randomized subsampling experiments in yellow-bellied marmots (whiskers in this figure mark the range from minimum to maximum, with no assessment of outliers, which are irrelevant in the context of this didactic example). The total female sample (F) is split in progressively smaller, mutually exclusive, random subsamples and the same is done for males (M). The first subsample of 70 individuals per sex is almost the same of the total samples; the second consists of two female and two male subsamples with 35 individuals each; the third set of subsamples is made of 17–18 individuals per sex and the fourth and fifth include only 10 or 5 individuals respectively. The vertical axis shows the Procrustes distance between means of females and means of males of each set of subsamples. The red circles show the observed mean female to male Procrustes distance in VIM, Alaskan (bro) and Olympic marmots (oly); they are added to the box and jitter plots of yellow-bellied marmot subsamples whose N is closer to the observed N is these three species.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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