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Fig. 7 in Isolation, purification, and characterization of pectin methylesterase inhibitor and polygalacturonase inhibitor protein from Indian lemon (Citrus limon L.)

Fig. 7. (a) Lineweaver-Burk plots of the inhibition of lemon PME by purified PMEI at different substrate concentrations (b) Lineweaver-Burk plots of the inhibition of lemon PG by purified PGIP at different substrate concentrations.

Fig. 1 in Isolation, purification, and characterization of pectin methylesterase inhibitor and polygalacturonase inhibitor protein from Indian lemon (Citrus limon L.)

Fig. 1. Elution profile of (a) PMEI and (b) PGIP by DEAE Sepharose anion exchange resin using 1 M NaCl.

Fig. 5 in Isolation, purification, and characterization of pectin methylesterase inhibitor and polygalacturonase inhibitor protein from Indian lemon (Citrus limon L.)

Fig. 5. (a) Logarithmic plot of residual inhibitory activity of purified extract of PMEI (b) Logarithmic plot of residual inhibitory activity of purified extract of PGIP (c) Arrhenius plot of purified PMEI (d) Arrhenius plot of purified PGIP (e) Plot of log D against the absolute temperature of purified PMEI (f) Plot of log D against the absolute temperature of purified PGIP.

Fig. 4 in Isolation, purification, and characterization of pectin methylesterase inhibitor and polygalacturonase inhibitor protein from Indian lemon (Citrus limon L.)

Fig. 4. (a) Effect of pH on the inhibitory activity of purified PMEI (b) Effect of pH on the inhibitory activity of purified PGIP (c) Effect of pH on the stability of purified PMEI (d) Effect of pH on the stability of purified PGIP (e) Effect of temperature on the inhibitory activity of purified PMEI (f) Effect of temperature on the inhibitory activity of purified PGIP.

Fig. 3 in Isolation, purification, and characterization of pectin methylesterase inhibitor and polygalacturonase inhibitor protein from Indian lemon (Citrus limon L.)

Fig. 3. MALDI-TOF mass spectra of (a) purified PMEI and (b) purified PGIP (m/z is mass-to-charge ratio; a.i. is absolute intensity).

opennotspecifiedAug 2021View details →

Fig. 1 in Brevianthrones, bianthrones from a Chinese isolate of the endophytic fungus Colletotrichum brevisporum

Fig. 1. Structures of brevianthrones and anthraquinones isolated from cultures of Colletotrichum brevisporum.

opennotspecifiedDec 2021View details →

Fig. 2 in Glycosylated constituents isolated from the trunk of Abies holophylla and their anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic activity

Fig. 2. Key COSY (blue bold), HMBC (red arrow), and NOESY (green dashed arrow) correlations of previously undescribed compounds 1–11. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

opennotspecifiedDec 2021View details →

Fig. 5 in Glycosylated constituents isolated from the trunk of Abies holophylla and their anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic activity

Fig. 5. Stereochemical assignment of C-2 in 9 and 10 via two different empirical rules. (A) 13C NMR chemical shifts values of C-1, C-2, C-3, and C-1′ in 9 and 10 (top), and (R)- and (S)-PG (bottom) and their differences [δ(R–S)]. (B) 1H NMR chemical shift value of H-1 in 9 and 10 (left) and (R)- and (S)-OG and (R)- and (S)-EG (right).

opennotspecifiedDec 2021View details →

Fig. 3 in Glycosylated constituents isolated from the trunk of Abies holophylla and their anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic activity

Fig. 3. Extracted ion chromatograms (EICs) of chiral derivatized monosaccharides purchased or obtained by hydrolysis of isolated compounds. (A) D- and L-allopyranose (m/z 447.1260). (B) D- and L-apiofuranose (m/z 417.1154). (C) L- and D-rhamnopyranose (m/z 431.1311). (D) D- and L-glucopyranose (m/z 447.1260). (E) L- and D-arabinopyranose (m/z 417.1154). All, allopyranose. Api, apiofuranose. Rha, rhamnopyranose. Glc, glucopyranose. Ara, arabinopyranose. See the Materials and methods section below for detailed derivatization procedures.

Fig. 6 in Isolation, identification, and activity evaluation of diterpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum sinomontanum

Fig. 6. The effect on the expression of Nrf2-regulated gene by compounds in PC12 cells transfected with ARE-luciferase expression plasmid, measured with a Firefly Luciferase Reporter Gene Assay Kit. Data are presented as the means ± SD from three independent tests.

Fig. 2 in Isolation, identification, and activity evaluation of diterpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum sinomontanum

Fig. 2. (a) HMBC (→) and 1H–1H COSY (bold lines) correlations of compound 1, (b) ORTEP drawing of compound 1.

Fig. 1 in Molecular networking-driven isolation of 8 -Glycosylated biscoumarins from Cruciata articulata

Fig. 1. Molecular network of Cluster G1. Red: Parent ions of isolated new biscoumarins (1–4); Yellow: Parent ions for proposed structures. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 5. Compounds 2 and 17 in Isolation, identification, and activity evaluation of diterpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum sinomontanum

Fig. 5. Compounds 2 and 17 exhibited potent inhibitory effects on the capsaicin mediated activation of TRPV1 channels expressed in HEK-293 cells. (A) Inhibition rate by compounds on the capsaicin mediated activation of TRPV1 channels expressed in HEK-293 cells. Compounds 1, 2, and 17 were evaluated at the concentration of 10 μM, the other compounds were evaluated at the concentration of 100 μM. (B) Activation of TRPV1 by capsaicin (0.5 μM), and inhibition of TRPV1 current by compound 2. Data are presented as the means ± SEM from three independent tests.

Fig. 4 in Isolation, identification, and activity evaluation of diterpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum sinomontanum

Fig. 4. (a) HMBC (→) and 1 H– 1 H COSY (bold lines) correlations of compounds 10 and 11, (b) key NOESY () correlations of compounds 10 and 11.

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

dryad32/100

Assessment of four in vitro phenotypic biofilm detection methods in relation to antimicrobial resistance in aerobic clinical bacterial isolates

Introduction: The lack of standardized methods for detecting biofilms continues to pose a challenge to microbiological diagnostics since biofilm-mediated infections induce persistent and recurrent infections in humans that often defy treatment with common antibiotics. This study aimed to evaluate diagnostic parameters of four in vitro phenotypic biofilm detection assays in relation to antimicrobial resistance in aerobic clinical bacterial isolates. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, bacterial strains from clinical samples were isolated and identified following the standard microbiological guidelines. The antibiotic resistance profile was assessed through the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Biofilm formation was detected by gold standard tissue culture plate method (TCPM), tube method (TM), Congo red agar (CRA), and modified Congo red agar (MCRA). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 17.0, with a significant association considered at p<0.05. Result: Among the total isolates (n=226), TCPM detected 140 (61.95%) biofilm producers, with CoNS (9/9) (p<0.001) as the predominant biofilm former. When compared to TCPM, TM (n=119) (p<0.001) showed 90.8% sensitivity and 70.1% specificity, CRA (n=88) (p=0.123) showed 68.2% sensitivity and 42% specificity, and MCRA (n=86) (p=0.442) showed 65.1% sensitivity and 40% specificity. Juxtaposed to CRA, colonies formed on MCRA developed more intense black pigmentation from 24 to 96 hours. There were 77 multi-drug-resistant (MDR)-biofilm formers and 39 extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-biofilm formers, with 100% resistance to ampicillin and ceftazidime, respectively. Conclusion: It is suggested that TM be used for biofilm detection. Unlike MCRA, black pigmentation in colonies formed on CRA declined with time. MDR- and XDR-biofilm formers were frequent among the clinical isolates.

opennotspecifiedOct 2020View details →

Fig. 4 in Isolation and structure characterization of cytotoxic alkaloids from Micromelum integerrimum

Fig. 4. The calculated and experimental ECD spectra of compounds 2a and 2b in MeOH (a); the experimental ECD spectra of compounds 2a and 3a in MeOH (b).

opennotspecifiedOct 2020View details →

Fig. 3 in Isolation and structure characterization of cytotoxic alkaloids from Micromelum integerrimum

Fig. 3. The chiral HPLC analysis (a) and calculated and experimental ECD spectra (b) of compounds 1a and 1b in MeOH.

opennotspecifiedOct 2020View details →

Fig. 5 in Isolation and structure characterization of cytotoxic alkaloids from Micromelum integerrimum

Fig. 5. The calculated and experimental ECD spectra of compound 6 in MeOH (a); the experimental ECD spectra of compounds 4a, 5a, and 6 in MeOH (b).

opennotspecifiedDec 2020View details →

Fig. 1. Carbamidocyclophane A in Antitumoral potential of carbamidocyclophanes and carbamidocylindrofridin A isolated from the cyanobacterium Cylindrospermum stagnale BEA 0605B

Fig. 1. Carbamidocyclophane A (1) carbamidocyclophane F (2), carbamidocyclophane V (3) and carbamidocylindrofridin A (4).