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UK Industrial X-ray CT User-group Benchmark Data: 3D Al target 05
<p>X-ray tomography (CT) image data of a aluminium target as part of the 'UK Industrial X-ray CT User-group Benchmark Study'.<br> <br> The 3D image was generated with an X-ray tomography scan performed by Dr T Lowe at the Manchester X-ray Imaging Facility.<br> <br> The dataset includes: raw radiographs; scan & reconstruction parameter settings file; reconstructed 3D volume. To visualise the 3D volume use software such as ImageJ (https://imagej.net/Fiji/Downloads). The volume image data (.raw) is in binary format and has the following characteristics: 1596 x 1596 x 950; 16-bit Signed; little-endian byte order.</p>
UK Industrial X-ray CT User-group Benchmark Data: 3D Al target 04
<p>X-ray tomography (CT) image data of a aluminium target as part of the 'UK Industrial X-ray CT User-group Benchmark Study'.<br> <br> The 3D image was generated with an X-ray tomography scan performed by Dr T Lowe at the Manchester X-ray Imaging Facility.<br> <br> The dataset includes: raw radiographs; scan & reconstruction parameter settings file; reconstructed 3D volume. To visualise the 3D volume use software such as ImageJ (https://imagej.net/Fiji/Downloads). The volume image data (.raw) is in binary format and has the following characteristics: 1596 x 1596 x 950; 16-bit Signed; little-endian byte order.</p>
UK Industrial X-ray CT User-group Benchmark Data: 3D Al target 09
<p>X-ray tomography (CT) image data of a aluminium target as part of the 'UK Industrial X-ray CT User-group Benchmark Study'.<br> <br> The 3D image was generated with an X-ray tomography scan performed by Dr T Lowe at the Manchester X-ray Imaging Facility.<br> <br> The dataset includes: raw radiographs; scan & reconstruction parameter settings file; reconstructed 3D volume. To visualise the 3D volume use software such as ImageJ (https://imagej.net/Fiji/Downloads). The volume image data (.raw) is in binary format and has the following characteristics: 1596 x 1596 x 950; 16-bit Signed; little-endian byte order.</p>
Dataset related to the article: "CT Perfusion Versus Coronary CT Angiography in Patients With Suspected In-Stent Restenosis or CAD Progression"
<p>This record contains raw data related to the article "CT Perfusion Versus Coronary CT</p> <p>Angiography in Patients With Suspected</p> <p>In-Stent Restenosis or CAD Progression"</p> <p>OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of coronary computed tomography</p> <p>angiography (CTA) alone, adenosine-stress myocardial perfusion assessed by computed tomography (CTP) alone, and</p> <p>coronary CTA þ CTP by using a 16-cm Z-axis coverage scanner versus invasive coronary angiography (ICA) and fractional</p> <p>flow reserve (FFR) as the clinical standard.</p> <p>BACKGROUND Diagnostic performance of coronary CTA for in-stent restenosis detection is still challenging. Recently,</p> <p>CTP showed additional diagnostic power over coronary CTA in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. However,</p> <p>few data are available on CTP performance in patients with previous stent implantation.</p> <p>METHODS Consecutive stable patients with previous coronary stenting referred for ICA were enrolled. All patients</p> <p>underwent stress myocardial CTP and rest CTP þ coronary CTA. Invasive FFR was performed during ICA when clinically</p> <p>indicated. The diagnostic rate and diagnostic accuracy of coronary CTA, CTP, and coronary CTA þ CTP were evaluated in</p> <p>stent-, territory-, and patient-based analyses.</p> <p>RESULTS In the 150 enrolled patients (132 men; mean age 65.1 9.1 years), the CTP diagnostic rate was significantly</p> <p>higher than that of coronary CTA in all analyses (territory based [96.7% vs. 91.1%; p < 0.0001] and patient based [96%</p> <p>vs. 68%; p < 0.0001]). When ICA was used as gold standard, CTP diagnostic accuracy was significantly higher than that</p> <p>of coronary CTA in all analyses (territory based [92.1% vs. 85.5%, p < 0.03] and patient based [86.7% vs. 76.7%,</p> <p>p < 0.03]). The concordant coronary CTA þ CTP assessment exhibited the highest diagnostic accuracy values versus ICA</p> <p>(95.8%in the territory-based analysis). The diagnostic accuracy of CTP was significantly higher than that of coronary CTA</p> <p>(75% vs. 30.5%; p < 0.001). The radiation exposure of coronary CTA þ CTP was 4.15 1.5 mSv.</p> <p>CONCLUSIONS In patients with coronary stents, CTP significantly improved the diagnostic rate and accuracy of coronary</p> <p>CTA alone compared with both ICA and invasive FFR as gold standard.</p>
DATASET RELATED TO THE ARTICLE "Interpretability of coronary CT angiography performed with a novel whole-heart coverage high-definition CT scanner in 300 consecutive patients with coronary artery bypass grafts"
<p>This record contains raw data related to the article: Interpretability of coronary CT angiography performed with a novel wholeheart</p> <p>coverage high-definition CT scanner in 300 consecutive patients with</p> <p>coronary artery bypass grafts'</p> <p>Aims: Coronary CT angiography (CCTA) is an accurate non-invasive tool for the evaluation of coronary artery</p> <p>bypass graft (CABG). However, inability to sustain a long breath-hold, high heart rate (HR) and atrial fibrillation</p> <p>may affect image quality. Moreover, radiation exposure is still a matter of some concern. A scanner combining</p> <p>0.23-mm spatial resolution, new iterative reconstruction and fast gantry rotation time has been recently introduced</p> <p>in the clinical field. The aims of our study were to evaluate interpretability, radiation exposure and</p> <p>diagnostic accuracy of CCTA performed with the latest generation of cardiac-CT scanners compared to invasive</p> <p>coronary angiography (ICA) in the assessment of bypass grafts, and non-grafted and post-anastomotic native</p> <p>coronary arteries.</p> <p>Methods and results: We prospectively enrolled 300 patients undergoing clinically indicated CCTA with a 16-cm</p> <p>z-axis coverage, 256-detector rows, and 0.28-sec gantry rotation time scanner. Coronary artery and graft interpretability,</p> <p>image quality and effective dose (ED) were assessed in all patients and diagnostic accuracy was</p> <p>evaluated in a subgroup of 100 patients who underwent ICA.</p> <p>Mean HR during the scan was 69.6 ± 10.8. Sinus rhythm was present in 118 patients with HR < 75 bpm</p> <p>and in 112 patients with HR≥75 bpm, while 70 patients had atrial fibrillation. CABG interpretability was</p> <p>100%. Compared to ICA, CCTA was able to correctly detecting occlusions or significant stenoses of all CABG</p> <p>segments. Overall interpretability of native coronary segments was 95.6%. Sensitivity, specificity, positive</p> <p>predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of coronary arteries were 98.3%, 97.4%, 93.1%, 99.3%</p> <p>and 96.5%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy in a patient based analysis was 95.2%. Mean ED was</p> <p>3.14 ± 1.7 mSv.</p> <p>Conclusions: The novel whole-heart coverage CT scanner allows to evaluating CABG and native coronary arteries</p> <p>with excellent interpretability and low radiation exposure even in the presence of unfavorable heart rhythm.</p>
Data set from Varga A, Di Leo G, Banga PV, Csobay-Novák C, Kolossváry M, Maurovich-Horvat P, Hüttl K. Multidetector CT angiography of the Circle of Willis: association of its variants with carotid artery disease and brain ischemia. Eur Radiol. 2019 Jan;29(1):46-56. doi: 10.1007/s00330-018-5577-x. Epub 2018 Jun 19. PMID: 29922933; PMCID: PMC6291432.
<p>Data set from the article Data set from Varga A, Di Leo G, Banga PV, Csobay-Novák C, Kolossváry M, Maurovich-Horvat P, Hüttl K. Multidetector CT angiography of the Circle of Willis: association of its variants with carotid artery disease and brain ischemia. Eur Radiol. 2019 Jan;29(1):46-56. doi: 10.1007/s00330-018-5577-x. Epub 2018 Jun 19. PMID: 29922933; PMCID: PMC6291432.</p> <p>This is the abstract</p> <p><strong>Purpose: </strong> (1) to estimate the prevalence of Circle of Willis (CoW) variants in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, (2) to correlate these variants to controls and (3) cerebral ischemia depicted by computed tomography (CT).</p> <p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong> After Institutional Review Board approval, data of 544 carotid endarterectomy patients (331 males, mean age 69±8 years) and 196 controls (117 males, mean age 66±11 years) who underwent brain CT and carotid CT angiography (CTA) were retrospectively analysed. Two observers independently classified each CoW segment as normal, hypoplastic (diameter <0.8 mm) or non-visualized. Four groups of CoW variants based on the number of hypoplastic/non-visualized segments were correlated with clinical data (ANOVA, χ<sup>2</sup> and multivariate logistic regression analysis). Intra- and inter-observer agreement was estimated using Cohen κ statistics.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong> High prevalence of CoW variants (97%) and compromised CoW (81%) was observed in the study group and significant difference was found in the distribution of CoW variants compared to controls (p<0.001), internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis being the only independent predictor of CoW morphology (p<0.001). Significant correlation was found between CoW configuration and brain ischemia in the study group (p=0.002). ICA stenosis of ≥90% was associated to higher rate of ipsilateral A1 hypoplasia/non-visualization (p<0.001). Intra- and inter-observer agreement was from substantial to almost perfect (Cohen κ=0.75-1.0).</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> Highly variable CoW morphology was demonstrated in patients undergoing endarterectomy compared to controls. Likely compromised CoW in relation to cerebral ischemia was observed in a large cohort of carotid endarterectomy subjects.</p> <p><strong>Key points: </strong> • CoW variant distribution significantly differed in the study and control groups (p<0.001). • ICA stenosis was the only independent predictor of CoW morphology (p<0.001). • Severely compromised CoW configuration showed significant association with brain ischemia (p=0.002).</p>
Curculio caryae head CT-scan data (ASU, 10/2017)
<p>Curculio caryae head (Curculionidae | dry, in air | Curculio_caryae-tiffstack.zip)</p>
Subcutaneous, Paracardiac, and Epicardial Fat CT Density Before/After Contrast Injection: Any Correlation with CAD?
<p>Dataset from Monti CB, Capra D, Malavazos A, Florini G, Parietti C, Schiaffino S, Sardanelli F, Secchi F. Subcutaneous, Paracardiac, and Epicardial Fat CT Density Before/After Contrast Injection: Any Correlation with CAD? J Clin Med. 2021 Feb 12;10(4):735. doi: 10.3390/jcm10040735. PMID: 33673256; PMCID: PMC7918165.</p> <p>Abstract</p> <p>Adipose tissue, in particular epicardial adipose tissue, has been identified as a potential biomarker of cardiovascular pathologies such as coronary artery disease (CAD) in the light of its metabolic activity and close anatomic and pathophysiologic relationship to the heart. Our purpose was to evaluate epicardial adipose tissue density at both unenhanced and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), along with CT densities of paracardiac and subcutaneous adipose tissue, as well as the relations of such densities with CAD. We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent cardiac CT at our institution for CAD assessment. We segmented regions of interest on epicardial, paracardiac, and subcutaneous adipose tissue on unenhanced and contrast-enhanced scans. A total of 480 patients were included, 164 of them presenting with CAD. Median epicardial adipose tissue density measured on contrast-enhanced scans (-81.5 HU; interquartile range -84.9 to -78.0) was higher than that measured on unenhanced scans (-73.4 HU; -76.9 to -69.4) (<em>p</em> < 0.001), whereas paracardiac and subcutaneous adipose tissue densities were not (<em>p</em> ≥ 0.055). Patients with or without CAD, did not show significant differences in density of epicardial, paracardiac, and subcutaneous adipose tissue either on unenhanced or contrast-enhanced scans (<em>p</em> ≥ 0.092). CAD patients may experience different phenomena (inflammation, fibrosis, increase in adipose depots) leading to rises or drops in epicardial adipose tissue density, resulting in variations that are difficult to detect.</p>
Dataset related to article "Contrast Administration Impacts CT-Based Radiomics of Colorectal Liver Metastases and Non-Tumoral Liver Parenchyma Revealing the "Radiological" Tumour Microenvironment"
<p>This record contains raw data related to article "Contrast Administration Impacts CT-Based Radiomics of Colorectal Liver Metastases and Non-Tumoral Liver Parenchyma Revealing the "Radiological" Tumour Microenvironment"</p> <p> </p> <p>The impact of the contrast medium on the radiomic textural features (TF) extracted from the CT scan is unclear. We investigated the modification of TFs of colorectal liver metastases (CLM), peritumoral tissue, and liver parenchyma. One hundred and sixty-two patients with 409 CLMs undergoing resection (2017-2020) into a single institution were considered. We analyzed the following volumes of interest (VOIs): The CLM (Tumor-VOI); a 5-mm parenchyma rim around the CLM (Margin-VOI); and a 2-mL sample of parenchyma distant from CLM (Liver-VOI). Forty-five TFs were extracted from each VOI (LIFEx<sup>®®</sup>). Contrast enhancement affected most TFs of the Tumor-VOI (71%) and Margin-VOI (62%), and part of those of the Liver-VOI (44%, <em>p</em> = 0.010). After contrast administration, entropy increased and energy decreased in the Tumor-VOI (0.93 ± 0.10 vs. 0.85 ± 0.14 in pre-contrast; 0.14 ± 0.03 vs. 0.18 ± 0.04, <em>p</em> < 0.001) and Margin-VOI (0.89 ± 0.11 vs. 0.85 ± 0.12; 0.16 ± 0.04 vs. 0.18 ± 0.04, <em>p</em> < 0.001), while remaining stable in the Liver-VOI. Comparing the VOIs, pre-contrast Tumor and Margin-VOI had similar entropy and energy (0.85/0.18 for both), while Liver-VOI had lower values (0.76/0.21, <em>p</em> < 0.001). In the portal phase, a gradient was observed (entropy: Tumor > Margin > Liver; energy: Tumor < Margin < Liver, <em>p</em> < 0.001). Contrast enhancement affected TFs of CLM, while it did not modify entropy and energy of parenchyma. TFs of the peritumoral tissue had modifications similar to the Tumor-VOI despite its radiological aspect being equal to non-tumoral parenchyma.</p>
CT-derived Chest Muscle Metrics for Outcome Prediction in Patients with COVID-19.
<p>Dataset from Schiaffino S, Albano D, Cozzi A, Messina C, Arioli R, Bnà C, Bruno A, Carbonaro LA, Carriero A, Carriero S, Danna PSC, D'Ascoli E, De Berardinis C, Della Pepa G, Falaschi Z, Gitto S, Malavazos AE, Mauri G, Monfardini L, Paschè A, Rizzati R, Secchi F, Vanzulli A, Tombini V, Vicentin I, Zagaria D, Sardanelli F, Sconfienza LM. CT-derived Chest Muscle Metrics for Outcome Prediction in Patients with COVID-19. Radiology. 2021 Aug;300(2):E328-E336. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2021204141. Epub 2021 Mar 16. PMID: 33724065; PMCID: PMC7971428.</p> <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background Lower muscle mass is a known predictor of unfavorable outcomes, but its prognostic impact on patients with COVID-19 is unknown. Purpose To investigate the contribution of CT-derived muscle status in predicting clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Materials and Methods Clinical or laboratory data and outcomes (intensive care unit [ICU] admission and death) were retrospectively retrieved for patients with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, who underwent chest CT on admission in four hospitals in Northern Italy from February 21 to April 30, 2020. The extent and type of pulmonary involvement, mediastinal lymphadenopathy, and pleural effusion were assessed. Cross-sectional areas and attenuation by paravertebral muscles were measured on axial CT images at the T5 and T12 vertebral level. Multivariable linear and binary logistic regression, including calculation of odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs, were used to build four models to predict ICU admission and death, which were tested and compared by using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results A total of 552 patients (364 men and 188 women; median age, 65 years [interquartile range, 54-75 years]) were included. In a CT-based model, lower-than-median T5 paravertebral muscle areas showed the highest ORs for ICU admission (OR, 4.8; 95% CI: 2.7, 8.5; <em>P</em> < .001) and death (OR, 2.3; 95% CI: 1.0, 2.9; <em>P</em> = .03). When clinical variables were included in the model, lower-than-median T5 paravertebral muscle areas still showed the highest ORs for both ICU admission (OR, 4.3; 95%: CI: 2.5, 7.7; <em>P</em> < .001) and death (OR, 2.3; 95% CI: 1.3, 3.7; <em>P</em> = .001). At receiver operating characteristic analysis, the CT-based model and the model including clinical variables showed the same area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for ICU admission prediction (AUC, 0.83; <em>P</em> = .38) and were not different in terms of predicting death (AUC, 0.86 vs AUC, 0.87, respectively; <em>P</em> = .28). Conclusion In hospitalized patients with COVID-19, lower muscle mass on CT images was independently associated with intensive care unit admission and in-hospital mortality. © RSNA, 2021 <em>Online supplemental material is available for this article.</em></p>
Dataset related to article: "Full Interchangeability in Regard to Immunogenicity Between the Infliximab Reference Biologic and Biosimilars CT-P13 and SB2 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease"
<p>This record contains raw data related to article "Full Interchangeability in Regard to Immunogenicity Between the Infliximab Reference Biologic and Biosimilars CT-P13 and SB2 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease"</p> <p>Infliximab (IFX) biosimilars CT-P13 and SB2 have comparable efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity to the originator Remicade (RMC). However, concerns about cross-switching patients between the 3 brands were raised in the absence of cross reactivity data between them. We aimed to determine whether antibodies to infliximab (ATI) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients cross-react with RMC, CT-P13, and SB2.</p> <p>Methods:</p> <p>Based on previous ATI status, samples from 34 patients participating in the BIOSIM01 study (13 RMC, 9 CT-P13, and 12 switchers) were selected. Patients were treated with either RMC only, or CT-P13 only, or with RMC switched to CT-P13. Additionally, 28 IFX-naïve patients were assayed as controls. In total, 180 samples were analyzed. ATI trough levels were measured in parallel with 3 different bridging Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays constructed using the 3 drugs. Spearman's coefficient and percentages of agreement were used to study the correlation between each assay.</p> <p>Results:</p> <p>In total, 76 samples out of 152 IFX-treated patient samples were ATI-positive (30 RMC, 14 CT-P13, and 32 switchers). All resulted ATI-positive when either CT-P13 or SB2 bridging assays were used. The overall percentage of agreement was 100% when compared either with CT-P13 or SB2 assays. No significant differences were found among ATI levels and coefficients (Spearman's 0.98 to 1.0, P < 0.0001).</p> <p>Conclusions:</p> <p>ATI of RMC-treated, CT-P13-treated or RMC to CT-P13 switched patients show full cross-reactivity with CT-P13 and SB2. Findings suggest that immunodominant epitopes in the reference and CT-P13 drugs are equally present in SB2. Data support full interchangeability between biosimilars in regard to immunogenicity.</p>
Micro-CT dataset of Wool Fabric
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Diagnosis of left atrial appendage thrombus in patients with atrial fibrillation: delayed contrast-enhanced cardiac CT
<p>Dataset from the article Spagnolo P, Giglio M, Di Marco D, Cannaò PM, Agricola E, Della Bella PE, Monti CB, Sardanelli F. Diagnosis of left atrial appendage thrombus in patients with atrial fibrillation: delayed contrast-enhanced cardiac CT. Eur Radiol. 2021 Mar;31(3):1236-1244. doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-07172-2. Epub 2020 Sep 4. PMID: 32886202; PMCID: PMC7880950.</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The current reference standard for diagnosing LAA thrombi is transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), a semi-invasive technique. We aimed to devise an optimal protocol for cardiac computed tomography (CCT) in diagnosing left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), using TEE as reference standard.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two hundred sixty consecutive patients referred for radiofrequency ablation for AF were prospectively enrolled. All patients underwent CCT and TEE within 2 hours. The CCT protocol included one standard angiographic phase and three delayed acquisitions at 1-, 3-, and 6-min after contrast injection. Thrombi were defined as persisting defects at 6-min delayed acquisition.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>TEE demonstrated spontaneous contrast in 52 (20%) patients and thrombus in 10 (4%). In 63 patients (24%), CCT demonstrated LAA early filling defects at angiographic phase. Among them, 15 (6%) had a persistent defect at 1-min, 12 (5%) at 3-min, and 10 (4%) at 6-min. All 10 thrombi diagnosed on TEE were correctly identified by delayed CCT, without any false positives. For all phases, sensitivity and negative predictive were 100%. Specificity increased from 79% for the angiographic phase to 100% at 6-min. Positive predictive value increased from 16% to 100%. Estimated radiation exposure was 2.08 ± 0.76 mSv (mean ± standard deviation) for the angiographic phase and 0.45 ± 0.23 mSv for each delayed phase.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A CCT protocol adding a 6-min delayed phase to the angiographic phase can be considered optimized for the diagnosis of LAA thrombi, with a low radiation dose.</p>
Dataset related to the article "A token-mixer architecture for CAD-RADS classification of coronary stenosis on multiplanar reconstruction CT images"
<p>This record contains raw data related to the article "A token-mixer architecture for CAD-RADS classification of coronary stenosis on multiplanar reconstruction CT images"</p> <p>A B S T R A C T<br> Background and objective: In patients with suspected Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), the severity of stenosis needs<br> to be assessed for precise clinical management. An automatic deep learning-based algorithm to classify coronary<br> stenosis lesions according to the Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) in multiplanar<br> reconstruction images acquired with Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA) is proposed.<br> Methods: In this retrospective study, 288 patients with suspected CAD who underwent CCTA scans were included.<br> To model long-range semantic information, which is needed to identify and classify stenosis with challenging<br> appearance, we adopted a token-mixer architecture (ConvMixer), which can learn structural relationship over<br> the whole coronary artery. ConvMixer consists of a patch embedding layer followed by repeated convolutional<br> blocks to enable the algorithm to learn long-range dependences between pixels. To visually assess ConvMixer<br> performance, Gradient-Weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) analysis was used.<br> Results: Experimental results using 5-fold cross-validation showed that our ConvMixer can classify significant<br> coronary artery stenosis (i.e., stenosis with luminal narrowing ≥50%) with accuracy and sensitivity of 87% and<br> 90%, respectively. For CAD-RADS 0 vs. 1–2 vs. 3–4 vs. 5 classification, ConvMixer achieved accuracy and<br> sensitivity of 72% and 75%, respectively. Additional experiments showed that ConvMixer achieved a better<br> trade-off between performance and complexity compared to pyramid-shaped convolutional neural networks.<br> Conclusions: Our algorithm might provide clinicians</p>
MRI versus CT in the detection of brain lesions in patients with infective endocarditis before or after cardiac surgery
<p>Vitali P, Savoldi F, Segati F, Melazzini L, Zanardo M, Fedeli MP, Benedek A, Di Leo G, Menicanti L, Sardanelli F. MRI versus CT in the detection of brain lesions in patients with infective endocarditis before or after cardiac surgery. Neuroradiology. 2022 May;64(5):905-913. doi: 10.1007/s00234-021-02810-y. Epub 2021 Oct 13. PMID: 34647143; PMCID: PMC9005423.</p> <p>Abstract</p> <p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Imaging of brain involvement in infective endocarditis can drive the clinical management of this serious condition. MRI is very sensitive, but CT is more readily available. In this retrospective study, we compared the detection rates of CT and MRI.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>After Ethics Committee approval, we retrospectively reviewed a series of 20 patients (13 males, median age 64 years) who underwent both CT and MRI either before or after cardiac surgery for definite infective endocarditis. Plain CT and MRI were evaluated for acute ischemic lesions, both punctuate and large, intraparenchymal hemorrhages, cerebral microbleeds, subarachnoid hemorrhages, abscesses, microabscesses, and meningitis. Qualitative assessment and McNemar test were performed. The value of contrast-enhanced scans (MRI, n = 14; CT, n = 9) and cognitive status were also assessed.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 166 lesions were identified on either technique: 137 (83%) on MRI only, 4 (2%) on CT only, and 25 (15%) on both techniques (p < 0.001). For these last 25 lesions, concordance on lesion type was only 16/25 (64%). MRI detected more microbleeds and ischemic lesions, while the 4 CT-only findings were false positives. Contrast-enhanced scans identified 68 enhancing lesions, mainly abscesses and microabscesses, and allowed a better characterization for 61/117 lesions (52%) with MRI, and for 11/81 (14%) with CT. Follow-up identified mild cognitive impairment in 6/13 and dementia in 3/13 patients.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While CT rapidly excludes large hemorrhages in patients with infective endocarditis, MRI accurately distinguishes the whole spectrum of brain lesions, including small ischemic lesions, microbleeds, and microabscesses.</p>
MRI versus CT in the detection of brain lesions in patients with infective endocarditis before or after cardiac surgery
<p>Vitali P, Savoldi F, Segati F, Melazzini L, Zanardo M, Fedeli MP, Benedek A, Di Leo G, Menicanti L, Sardanelli F. MRI versus CT in the detection of brain lesions in patients with infective endocarditis before or after cardiac surgery. Neuroradiology. 2022 May;64(5):905-913. doi: 10.1007/s00234-021-02810-y. Epub 2021 Oct 13. PMID: 34647143; PMCID: PMC9005423.</p> <p>Abstract</p> <p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Imaging of brain involvement in infective endocarditis can drive the clinical management of this serious condition. MRI is very sensitive, but CT is more readily available. In this retrospective study, we compared the detection rates of CT and MRI.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>After Ethics Committee approval, we retrospectively reviewed a series of 20 patients (13 males, median age 64 years) who underwent both CT and MRI either before or after cardiac surgery for definite infective endocarditis. Plain CT and MRI were evaluated for acute ischemic lesions, both punctuate and large, intraparenchymal hemorrhages, cerebral microbleeds, subarachnoid hemorrhages, abscesses, microabscesses, and meningitis. Qualitative assessment and McNemar test were performed. The value of contrast-enhanced scans (MRI, n = 14; CT, n = 9) and cognitive status were also assessed.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 166 lesions were identified on either technique: 137 (83%) on MRI only, 4 (2%) on CT only, and 25 (15%) on both techniques (p < 0.001). For these last 25 lesions, concordance on lesion type was only 16/25 (64%). MRI detected more microbleeds and ischemic lesions, while the 4 CT-only findings were false positives. Contrast-enhanced scans identified 68 enhancing lesions, mainly abscesses and microabscesses, and allowed a better characterization for 61/117 lesions (52%) with MRI, and for 11/81 (14%) with CT. Follow-up identified mild cognitive impairment in 6/13 and dementia in 3/13 patients.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While CT rapidly excludes large hemorrhages in patients with infective endocarditis, MRI accurately distinguishes the whole spectrum of brain lesions, including small ischemic lesions, microbleeds, and microabscesses.</p>
Psoas Cross-Sectional Measurements Using Manual CT Segmentation before and after Endovascular Aortic Repair (EVAR).
<p>Monti CB, Righini P, Bonanno MC, Capra D, Mazzaccaro D, Giannetta M, Nicolino GM, Nano G, Sardanelli F, Marrocco-Trischitta MM, Secchi F. Psoas Cross-Sectional Measurements Using Manual CT Segmentation before and after Endovascular Aortic Repair (EVAR). J Clin Med. 2022 Jul 12;11(14):4023. doi: 10.3390/jcm11144023. PMID: 35887786; PMCID: PMC9325160.</p> <p>Abstract</p> <p>Sarcopenia has been associated with an increased incidence of adverse outcomes, including higher mortality, after endovascular aortic repair (EVAR). We aim to use computed tomography (CT) to quantify changes in total psoas muscles area (PMA) and psoas muscle density (PMD) after EVAR, and to evaluate the reproducibility of both measurements. PMA and PMD were assessed via manual segmentation of the psoas muscle on pre- and post-operative CT scans belonging to consecutive patients who underwent EVAR. Wilcoxon test was used to compare PMA and PMD before and after EVAR, and inter- and intra-reader agreements of both methods were evaluated through Bland-Altman analysis. A total of 50 patients, 42 of them males (84%), were included in the study. PMA changes from 1243 mm<sup>2</sup> (1006-1445 mm<sup>2</sup>) to 1102 mm<sup>2</sup> (IQR 937-1331 mm<sup>2</sup>), after EVAR (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). PMD did not vary between pre-EVAR (33 HU, IQR 26.5-38.7 HU) and post-EVAR (32 HU, IQR 26-37 HU, <em>p</em> = 0.630). At inter-reader Bland-Altman analysis, PMA showed a bias of 64.0 mm<sup>2</sup> and a coefficient of repeatability (CoR) of 359.2 mm<sup>2</sup>, whereas PMD showed a bias of -2.43 HU and a CoR of 6.19 HU. At intra-reader Bland-Altman analysis, PMA showed a bias of -81.1 mm<sup>2</sup> and a CoR of 394.6 mm<sup>2</sup>, whereas PMD showed a bias of 1.41 HU and a CoR of 6.36 HU. In conclusion, PMA decreases after EVAR. A good intra and inter-reader reproducibility was observed for both PMA and PMD. We thus propose to use PMA during the follow-up of patients who underwent EVAR to monitor muscle depletion after surgery.</p>
Computation of contrast-enhanced perfusion using only two CT scan phases: a proof-of-concept study on abdominal organs
<p>Cressoni M, Cozzi A, Schiaffino S, Cadringher P, Vitali P, Basso G, Ippolito D, Sardanelli F. Computation of contrast-enhanced perfusion using only two CT scan phases: a proof-of-concept study on abdominal organs. Eur Radiol Exp. 2022 Aug 29;6(1):37. doi: 10.1186/s41747-022-00292-y. PMID: 36031643; PMCID: PMC9420683.</p> <p>Abstract</p> <p><strong>Background: </strong>Computed tomography perfusion imaging (CTPI) by repeated scanning has clinical relevance but implies relatively high radiation exposure. We present a method to measure perfusion from two CT scan phases only, considering tissue enhancement, feeding vessel (aortic) peak enhancement, and bolus shape.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>CTPI scans (each with 40 frames acquired every 1.5 s) of 11 patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) enrolled between 2012 and 2016 were retrospectively analysed (aged 69 ± 9 years, 8/11 males). Perfusion was defined as the maximal slope of the time-enhancement curve divided by the peak enhancement of the feeding vessel (aorta). Perfusion was computed two times, first using the maximum slope derived from all data points and then using the peak tissue enhancement and the bolus shape obtained from the aortic curve.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Perfusion values from the two methods were linearly related (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.92, p < 0.001; Bland-Altman analysis bias -0.12). The mathematical model showed that the perfusion ratio of two ROIs with the same feeding vessel (aorta) corresponds to their peak enhancement ratio (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.55, p < 0.001; Bland-Altman analysis bias -0.68). The relationship between perfusion and tissue enhancement is predicted to be linear in the clinical range of interest, being only function of perfusion, peak feeding vessel enhancement, and bolus shape.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This proof-of-concept study showed that perfusion values of HCC, kidney, and pancreas could be computed using enhancement measured only with two CT scan phases, if aortic peak enhancement and bolus shape are known.</p> <p> </p>
Three-dimensional micro-CT images of UV-frozen flow fronts recorded at different flow regimes
<p>Segmented micro-CT images of flow fronts produced by UV-flow freezing. Front morphologies correspond to capilary-dominated, equilibrated and viscous-dominated flow regimes.</p>
Dataset related to the article "A deep-learning approach for myocardial fibrosis detection in early contrast-enhanced cardiac CT images"
<p>This record contains raw data related to the article "A deep-learning approach for myocardial fibrosis detection in early contrast-enhanced cardiac CT images"</p> <p><strong>Aims:</strong> Diagnosis of myocardial fibrosis is commonly performed with late gadolinium contrast-enhanced (CE) cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), which might be contraindicated or unavailable. Coronary computed tomography (CCT) is emerging as an alternative to CMR. We sought to evaluate whether a deep learning (DL) model could allow identification of myocardial fibrosis from routine early CE-CCT images.</p> <p><strong>Methods and results:</strong> Fifty consecutive patients with known left ventricular (LV) dysfunction (LVD) underwent both CE-CMR and (early and late) CE-CCT. According to the CE-CMR patterns, patients were classified as ischemic (<em>n</em> =&thinsp;15, 30%) or non-ischemic (<em>n</em> =&thinsp;35, 70%) LVD. Delayed enhancement regions were manually traced on late CE-CCT using CE-CMR as reference. On early CE-CCT images, the myocardial sectors were extracted according to AHA 16-segment model and labeled as with scar or not, based on the late CE-CCT manual tracing. A DL model was developed to classify each segment. A total of 44,187 LV segments were analyzed, resulting in accuracy of 71% and area under the ROC curve of 76% (95% CI: 72%−81%), while, with the bull’s eye segmental comparison of CE-CMR and respective early CE-CCT findings, an 89% agreement was achieved.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> DL on early CE-CCT acquisition may allow detection of LV sectors affected with myocardial fibrosis, thus without additional contrast-agent administration or radiational dose. Such tool might reduce the user interaction and visual inspection with benefit in both efforts and time.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.