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62 results for “Myristicaceae”
FIGURE 1. Compsoneura nallarettiana. A. Habit with axillary staminate inflorescence. B. Axillary pistillate inflorescence. C. Pistillate flower with ovary. D. Staminate flower with androecium. E. Staminate inflorescence. F in Compsoneura nallarettiana (Myristicaceae), a new species from north-western Peru
FIGURE 1. Compsoneura nallarettiana. A. Habit with axillary staminate inflorescence. B. Axillary pistillate inflorescence. C. Pistillate flower with ovary. D. Staminate flower with androecium. E. Staminate inflorescence. F. Immature fruit.
Genetic diversity of Horsfieldia tetratepala (Myristicaceae), an endangered plant species with extremely small populations to China: implications for its conservation
<p>Genetic variation determines the evolutionary potential of a species and is vital for fully understanding the evolution of a species, as well as for developing optimal conservation strategies. <i>Horsfieldia tetratepala</i> is an economically important rainforest tree which has declined steadily, mainly though habitat destruction, and an endangered, narrow endemic in China where it is also classified as a Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations (PSESP). Effective conservation strategies for <i>H. tetratepala</i> are required urgently, but limited information about its<i> </i>genome is available. Accordingly, restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD_seq) was used to sequence sixty-three <i>H. tetratepala</i> trees covering ten isolated populations to assess genome-level diversity and population structure, generating 8,103 high-quality SNPs. Low genetic diversity and moderate genetic differentiation was observed among populations, but Bayesian clustering divided the sampled <i>H. tetratepala</i> populations into two genetic clusters, though with some populations from Guangxi and Yunnan intermixed. Because of increasing of habitat fragmentation and human disturbance, conservation priority should be placed on populations with higher genetic variation (e.g., BB, TKH, DWS, and GLQ). Overall, our study provides valuable genomic resources for <i>H. tetratepala</i> that will significantly advance the formulation of effective conservation strategies.</p>
The flooded habitat adaptation, niche differentiation and evolution of Myristicaceae trees in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot in India
<p><span>Environmental heterogeneity is considered as one of the main drivers of habitat specialization and niche evolution among tropical plant lineages, and local scale habitat specialization promotes niche differentiation among sister taxa. In this study, we examined the degree to which habitat specialization lead to niche differentiation across the distribution range of a given species using five species of the family Myristicaceae native to Western Ghats, India as an example. In the Western Ghats, Myristicaceae species occur in two main habitat types, namely freshwater swamps (flooded habitat), and terra-firme forest (non-flooded habitat) distributed across a seasonal flooding gradient. First, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of flooded habitat specialization among global and Western Ghats Myristicaceae by mapping flooded habitat association and traits conferring flood tolerance (example: aerial roots) on a dated phylogeny. Then we investigated climatic niche differences among lineages occupying flooded and terra-firme habitats using occurrence data and environmental variables. Our analysis revealed swampy habitat occurrence as the probable ancestral state with subsequent speciation events leading to adaptation to non-swampy habitats. We also show that traits conferring flood tolerance have evolved independently several times during the evolution of Myristicaceae. Furthermore, phylogenetically distantly related Myristicaceae taxa occupying different habitats (flooded and terra-firme habitat) in Western Ghats show significant niche divergence. Overall, the repeated gain of swampy habitat specialization and associated morphological traits and evidence for habitat associated climatic niche divergence among Myristicaceae taxa suggest that seasonal flooding may have been an important driver of ecological diversification in this primitive plant family.</span></p>
Fig. 2 in Chemical constituents and toxic, repellent, and oviposition-deterrent effects of ethanol-extracted Myristica fragrans (Myristicaceae) oil on Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Fig. 2. Contact toxicity of nutmeg essential oil to whitefly nymphs in laboratory experiments at concentrations of 10, 5, and 2.5 mg/mL. Values are the means of 8 replications. The mean numbers of nymphs were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA, with a Tukey HSD post-hoc test at a significance level of P <0.05; means topped by the same letter are not significantly different.
Fig. 1 in Chemical constituents and toxic, repellent, and oviposition-deterrent effects of ethanol-extracted Myristica fragrans (Myristicaceae) oil on Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Fig. 1. Fumigant toxicity of nutmeg essential oil to whitefly adults in laboratory experiments at concentrations of 10, 5, and 2.5 mg/mL. Values are the means of 8 replications. The mean numbers of adults were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA, with a Tukey HSD post-hoc test at a significance level of P <0.05; means topped by the same letter are not significantly different.
Fig. 5 in Chemical constituents and toxic, repellent, and oviposition-deterrent effects of ethanol-extracted Myristica fragrans (Myristicaceae) oil on Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Fig. 5. Greenhouse experiments with whitefly adults, testing nutmeg essential oil at concentrations of 10, 5, and 2.5 mg/mL. A. Repellency at 24 h, B. repellency at 48 h, C. oviposition at 24 h, D. oviposition at 48 h of exposure. Values are means of 8 replications. The mean numbers of adults and eggs were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA, with a Tukey HSD post-hoc test at a significance level of P <0.05; means topped by the same letter are not significantly different.
Fig. 4 in Chemical constituents and toxic, repellent, and oviposition-deterrent effects of ethanol-extracted Myristica fragrans (Myristicaceae) oil on Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Fig. 4. Repellency of nutmeg essential oil to whitefly adults in laboratory experiments at A. 24 h, B. 48 h, and C. 72 h of exposure to concentrations of 10, 5, and 2.5 mg/mL. Values are means of 8 replications. The mean numbers of adults were compared by paired t-tests at a significance level of P ≤ 0.05. Asterisk indicates a significant difference between control and treatment.
Figure 26 from: Santamaría-Aguilar D, Aguilar R, Lagomarsino LP (2019) A taxonomic synopsis of Virola (Myristicaceae) in Mesoamerica, including six new species. PhytoKeys 134: 1-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979
Figure 26 Virola otobifoliaA branch with leaves and inflorescences B fruits. Drawn by Pedro Juarez, based on S. Mori & J. Kallunki 5542 (A) and J. P. Folsom 1440 (B).
Figure 4 from: Santamaría-Aguilar D, Aguilar R, Lagomarsino LP (2019) A taxonomic synopsis of Virola (Myristicaceae) in Mesoamerica, including six new species. PhytoKeys 134: 1-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979
Figure 4 Fruits of Mesoameican Virola, organised in groups of morphologically similar species AV. allenii (P. H. Allen 6727, GH) BV. amistadensis (G. McPherson 9715, MO) CV. otobifolia (A. Gentry & S. Mori 14199, MO) DV. macrocarpa (A. E. Lawrance 675, MO) EV. chrysocarpa (B. Hammel et al.16864, MO) FV. koschnyi (R. Robles 1587, MO) GV. guatemalensis (S. Sinaca 1542, MO) HV. montana (J. Utley & K. Utley 5054, MO) IV. fosteri (S. Mori & J. Kallunki 4891, MO) JV. multiflora (R. Rueda et a.l 9960, MO) KV. sebifera (T. B. Croat 5959, MO) LV. elongata (J. D. Dwyer & M. Correa 8420, MO) MV. laevigata (R. Aguilar 1585, MO) NV. nobilis from Barro Colorado (T. B. Croat 8090, MO) OV. nobilis from the Osa Peninsula (G. Herrera 4222, MO) PV. megacarpa (G. de Nevers 5184, MO). Scale bars: 1 cm.
Figure 3 from: Santamaría-Aguilar D, Aguilar R, Lagomarsino LP (2019) A taxonomic synopsis of Virola (Myristicaceae) in Mesoamerica, including six new species. PhytoKeys 134: 1-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979
Figure 3 Trichomes in Mesoamerican VirolaAVirola allenii (R. Aguilar 2224, MO) BV. amistadensis (G. McPherson 8703, MO) CV. chrysocarpa (O. Valverde 970, MO) DV. elongata (G. McPherson 13674, MO) EV. fosteri (G. McPherson 20913, MO) FV. guatemalensis (R. Cedillo 3349, MO) GV. koschnyi (R. E. Gereau et al. 3455, MO) HV. laevigata (R. Aguilar 2004, MO) IV. megacarpa (J. A. Duke 15261, MO) JV. montana (E. Bello 855, MO) KV. multiflora (R. Rueda et al. 8196, MO; inset, J. C. Sandino 3302, MO) LV. nobilis from Barro Colorado (R. J. Schmalzel 320, MO) MV. otobifolia (G. de Nevers & H. Herrera 7056, MO) NV. sebifera (F. Almeda et al. 5553, MO) OV. nobilis from Osa Peninsula (R. Aguilar 11186, MO).
Figure 25 from: Santamaría-Aguilar D, Aguilar R, Lagomarsino LP (2019) A taxonomic synopsis of Virola (Myristicaceae) in Mesoamerica, including six new species. PhytoKeys 134: 1-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979
Figure 25 Virola cf. nobilis from the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica A trunk B branch with fruits C leaf blades on adaxial surface D twig, petiole and leaf base on adaxial surface E exudate on a twig F, G leaf blades on abaxial surface and trichomes (G). H Leaf margin I leaf apex J staminate inflorescences K detail of staminate inflorescences L detail of staminate flower M branch with fruits N fruits O seed. Photos by Reinaldo Aguilar.
Figure 8 from: Santamaría-Aguilar D, Aguilar R, Lagomarsino LP (2019) A taxonomic synopsis of Virola (Myristicaceae) in Mesoamerica, including six new species. PhytoKeys 134: 1-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979
Figure 8 Pattern of the lateral veins in Mesoamerican VirolaAVirola allenii (K. Thomsen 1284, NO) BV. amistadensis (G. McPherson 8703, MO) CV. chrysocarpa (B. Hammel et al.16864, MO) DV. elongata (M. Correa & R. L. Dressler 1078, MO) EV. fosteri (G. de Nevers 7226, MO) FV. guatemalensis (G. Ibarra 957, MO) GV. koschnyi (J. Miller & J. C. Sandino 1110, MO) HV. laevigata (N. Zamora & T. D. Pennington 1583, MO) IV. megacarpa (G. de Nevers 5184, MO) JV. montana (E. Lépiz & J. F. Morales 284, MO) KV. multiflora (J. Manzanares 3561, MO) LV. nobilis from Barro Colorado (R. J. Schmalzel 320, MO) MV. otobifolia (G. de Nevers et al. 7530, MO) NV. sebifera (T. B. Croat 5959, MO) OV. nobilis from Osa Peninsula (R. Aguilar 11186, MO).
Figure 9 from: Santamaría-Aguilar D, Aguilar R, Lagomarsino LP (2019) A taxonomic synopsis of Virola (Myristicaceae) in Mesoamerica, including six new species. PhytoKeys 134: 1-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979
Figure 9 Geographic distribution of Virola allenii (A), V. amistadensis (B), V. chrysocarpa (C), V. elongata (D), V. fosteri (E) and V. guatemalensis (F).
Figure 22 from: Santamaría-Aguilar D, Aguilar R, Lagomarsino LP (2019) A taxonomic synopsis of Virola (Myristicaceae) in Mesoamerica, including six new species. PhytoKeys 134: 1-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979
Figure 22 Virola montanaA juvenile tree showing branching pattern B leaf blades on adaxial side C leaf blades on abaxial side D venation. Virola multiflora. E Branch with staminate inflorescences, inset showing twig and flowers F twig, leaf blade on abaxial surface and inflorescences, inset showing immature fruit G lateral view of a perianth H close-up of staminate flowers. Photos by J. Esteban Jiménez (A–D); B. Hammel (E–H), Indiana Coronado (F, inset).
Figure 5 from: Santamaría-Aguilar D, Aguilar R, Lagomarsino LP (2019) A taxonomic synopsis of Virola (Myristicaceae) in Mesoamerica, including six new species. PhytoKeys 134: 1-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979
Figure 5 Virola alleniiA leaves B fruit C partial inflorescences. Drawn by Pedro Juarez based on P. H. Allen 6727 (A), R. Aguilar 2224 (B) and R. Aguilar (C) from a photo, physical specimen not seen.
Figure 18 from: Santamaría-Aguilar D, Aguilar R, Lagomarsino LP (2019) A taxonomic synopsis of Virola (Myristicaceae) in Mesoamerica, including six new species. PhytoKeys 134: 1-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979
Figure 18 Geographic distribution of Virola koschnyi (A), V. laevigata (B), V. megacarpa (C), V. montana (D), V. multiflora (E) and V. nobilis (F).
Figure 17 from: Santamaría-Aguilar D, Aguilar R, Lagomarsino LP (2019) A taxonomic synopsis of Virola (Myristicaceae) in Mesoamerica, including six new species. PhytoKeys 134: 1-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979
Figure 17 Virola koschnyiA lower trunk and buttresses B trunk C branching D leaf blades on abaxial surface E leaf blades on adaxial surface F twig, petiole and leaf base G leaf venation on adaxial surface (left) and abaxial surface (right) H branch with fruits, showing the interior part of the fruit I seed J mature fruit. All photos by Reinaldo Aguilar from https://sura.ots.ac.cr/florula4/index.php, except G by D. Santamaría-Aguilar.
Figure 15 from: Santamaría-Aguilar D, Aguilar R, Lagomarsino LP (2019) A taxonomic synopsis of Virola (Myristicaceae) in Mesoamerica, including six new species. PhytoKeys 134: 1-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979
Figure 15 Virola fosteriA branch with leaves and inflorescences B partial inflorescences C fruit D seed with aril E seed. Drawn by Pedro Juarez, based on C. Galdames et al. 6422 (A–E).
Figure 14 from: Santamaría-Aguilar D, Aguilar R, Lagomarsino LP (2019) A taxonomic synopsis of Virola (Myristicaceae) in Mesoamerica, including six new species. PhytoKeys 134: 1-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979
Figure 14 Fertile characteristics of Virola chrysocarpaA branch with staminate inflorescences B staminate inflorescences C staminate flower buds and open flower D Infructescence E open fruit F seeds. Photos by Reinaldo Aguilar.
Figure 2 from: Santamaría-Aguilar D, Aguilar R, Lagomarsino LP (2019) A taxonomic synopsis of Virola (Myristicaceae) in Mesoamerica, including six new species. PhytoKeys 134: 1-82. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979
Figure 2 Geographic distribution of Virola in Mesoamerica, with the number of species native to each country indicated in parentheses below the country's name.
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