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Fig. 6 in Sesquiterpene coumarins from Ferula sinkiangensis K.M.Shen and their cytotoxic activities

Fig. 6. Effects of Sinkiangenol E on cell cycle distribution in HeLa cells. (A) HeLa cells were treated by Sinkiangenol E (0, 5, 10, 20 μM) for 24 h, then analyzed by flow cytometry for cell cycle distribution. (B) The data were presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *p <0.05 and **p <0.01 versus control were considered statistically significance.

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Fig. 5 in Sesquiterpene coumarins from Ferula sinkiangensis K.M.Shen and their cytotoxic activities

Fig. 5. Apoptosis induced by Sinkiangenol E in HeLa cells detected by the Annexin V-FITC/PI staining test. HeLa cells were treated with Sinkiangenol E (0, 5, 10, 20 μM) for 24 h. DMSO treatment was used as a solvent control. (A) The apoptotic rates were determined by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. Dot-plot graphs showed viable cells (AV-/PI-), necrotic cells (AV-/PI+), early phase apoptotic cells (AV+/PI-), and late phase apoptotic cells (AV+/PI+). Apoptosis rate was reported as the percentage of apoptotic cells (AV+/PI- and AV+/PI+) among total cells. (B) The data were presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *p <0.05 and **p <0.01 versus control were considered statistically significance.

Fig. 5 in Polyketides from the endolichenic fungus Eupenicillium javanicum and their anti-inflammatory activities

Fig. 5. Inhibitory activity of compounds 5, 9 and 10 against NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. Cells were treated with various concentrations of compounds along with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 24 h, and the accumulation of nitrite was evaluated by Griess reagent. Values were presented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments. **P <0.01, ***P <0.001. Column: relative NO level; Dot: cell viability. C: control.

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Fig. 7 in Sesquiterpene coumarins from Ferula sinkiangensis K.M.Shen and their cytotoxic activities

Fig. 7. Effects of Sinkiangenol E on the MAPK signaling pathway. ERK-specific inhibitor PD98059, JNK-specific inhibitor SP600125, and p38-specific inhibitor SB203580 were used to confirm the effects of Sinkiangenol E on MAPK signaling transduction pathway. (A) The expression levels of phosphorylated and total ERK1/ 2, JNK, and p38 were detected by Western blot analysis. (B) The effects of PD98059, SP600125, and SB203580 on the expression of apoptosis-related protein (Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase3). (C) The effects of PD98059, SP600125, and SB203580 on the expression of cell cycle regulation-related protein (CDK2, CDK4, and Cyclin D1). The data were presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *p <0.05 and **p <0.01 versus control, #p <0.05 and ##p <0.01 versus 20 μM of Sinkiangenol E-treated cells were considered statistically significance.

Fig. 6 in TIM barrel fold and glycan moieties in the structure of ICChI, a protein with chitinase and lysozyme activity

Fig. 6. (A) Three-dimensional (3D) structural model of the ICChI- NAG complex illustrating by Docking. (B) DIMPLOT result revels the interacting amino acid residue during formation of complex.

Fig. 5 in Floro-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivative as a novel plant activator induces two-pathway immune system

Fig. 5. The synthetic route of 1-methyl-4-substituted phenylamino pyrazolo [3,4-d] pyrimidine derivatives (P1).

Fig. 7 in Floro-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivative as a novel plant activator induces two-pathway immune system

Fig. 7. The synthetic route of N-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazolo [3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl) substituted carboxamide derivatives (P3).

Fig. 6 in Floro-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivative as a novel plant activator induces two-pathway immune system

Fig. 6. The synthetic route of 1-methyl-4-substituted ether pyrazolo [3,4-d] pyrimidine derivatives (P2).

Fig. 4 in Floro-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivative as a novel plant activator induces two-pathway immune system

Fig. 4. Gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana after treatment of chemicals. Bars (gray, PR1; black, PDF1.2) denote the mean ± STD of three independent biological replicates. (***P <0.01; **P <0.05; one-tailed t-test).

Fig. 2 in TIM barrel fold and glycan moieties in the structure of ICChI, a protein with chitinase and lysozyme activity

Fig. 2. The three dimensional crystal structure of ICChI where outer ball and stick (green-red) are glycan ligands, Alpha helices (red coil); parallel beta sheets (yellow arrow); random coils or loop (green); (A) topview of ICChI structure, (B) side view of ICChI structure.

Fig. 1 in TIM barrel fold and glycan moieties in the structure of ICChI, a protein with chitinase and lysozyme activity

Fig. 1. (A) Silver stained 12.5% SDS-PAGE gel of purified ICChI. Lane 1 contains molecular weight markers (Pageruler prestained protein ladder, Fermentas SM0671) and lane 2 represents pure and homogeneous ICChI protein shown by arrow. (B) Crystals of ICChI grown in 4–5 days in a hanging drop at 291 K equilibrated against 750 μl reservoir solution containing 0.005 M Cobalt chloride, 0.005 M Cadmium chloride, 0.005 M Magnesium chloride, 0.005 M Nickel chloride and 11% (w/v) PEG 3350 in 0.1 M HEPES buffer, pH 7.0. The tetragonal bipyramide-shaped crystals had a typical size of 300 × 200 × 200 μm. (C) X-ray diffraction from the crystal of ICChI protein produced interference pattern.

Fig. 5. The electron density and N in TIM barrel fold and glycan moieties in the structure of ICChI, a protein with chitinase and lysozyme activity

Fig. 5. The electron density and N-linked glycosylation sites. (A) Asparagine residue 45. (B) Asparagine residue 172. (C) Asparagine residue 194.

Fig. 4 in TIM barrel fold and glycan moieties in the structure of ICChI, a protein with chitinase and lysozyme activity

Fig. 4. The catalytic residues of the ICChI structure are: aspartate 125; glutamate 127 and tyrosine 184. The grey mesh is electron density whereas the amino acid residues are green.

Fig. 5 in Abietane diterpenoids from Dracocephalum moldavica L. and their anti-inflammatory activities in vitro

Fig. 5. Inhibition rates of compounds 1–11 on TNF-α, IL-1β and NO production in LPS–stimulated RAW 264.7 cells at the concentration of 10 μM * The concentration of the compound was 30 μM.

Fig. 4. 109 in ABCG transporter proteins with beneficial activity on plants

Fig. 4. 109Cd radioactivity in shoots and roots of Arabidopsis plants measured using liquid scintillation counter (Kim et al., 2007).

Fig. 4 in Triterpene glycosides and phenylpropane derivatives from Staurogyne concinnula possessing anti-angiogenic activity

Fig. 4. The effect of Fr.A, Fr.B, and compounds 1–5, 7 on tube-like structure formation on endothelial cells.

Fig. 1 in ABCG transporter proteins with beneficial activity on plants

Fig. 1. Kanamycin resistance in T1 transgenic seeds with pABC. (a) Segregation of T1 seeds when plated on 200 mg/l of kanamycin containing medium. (b) Northern blot analysis shows expression of AtABCG19 gene (Mentewab and Stewart 2005).

Fig. 12 in Toonaones A I, limonoids with NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitory activity from Toona ciliata M. Roem

Fig. 12. In vitro bioactivity of compounds 3–14. (A) Primary screening of compounds from Toona ciliata against LDH release (n = 2). MCC950 (1 μM) was used as a positive control. Compounds with LDH release level lower than 50% were marked by arrows. (B) IC50 values of potent compounds in an LDH release assay (n = 2). These compounds were low cytotoxic with CC50 values above 20 μM. (C) Inhibition of LDH and IL-1β release (n = 2). (D) PI (propidium iodide) uptake by fluorescent microscopy (n = 1). (E–G) Western blot assays of GSDMD, Casp- 1, and IL-1β (n = 1). Compared to LPS + Nig group, *P <0.05, **P <0.01. LPS, lipopolysaccharide. Nig, Nigericin. FL, full length. NT, N-terminal.

Fig. 4. Correlations between experimental and calculated 13C in Toonaones A I, limonoids with NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitory activity from Toona ciliata M. Roem

Fig. 4. Correlations between experimental and calculated 13C NMR chemical shifts of (21S)-2 (left) and (21R)-2 (right).

Fig. 7. Correlations between experimental and calculated 13C in Toonaones A I, limonoids with NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitory activity from Toona ciliata M. Roem

Fig. 7. Correlations between experimental and calculated 13C NMR chemical shifts of (23S)-5 (left) and (23R)-5 (right).