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Figure 4 in A story of becoming a horticultural threat, cypress jewel beetle Lamprodila festiva (Coleoptera, Buprestidae): analytical approach of its European escalation based on bibliographical sources

Figure 4. Different European propagation zones of Lamprodila festiva and the main directions of their escalation

Figure 3 in A story of becoming a horticultural threat, cypress jewel beetle Lamprodila festiva (Coleoptera, Buprestidae): analytical approach of its European escalation based on bibliographical sources

Figure 3. Occurrence data, distribution, and the theoretical spreading of Lamprodila festiva in Europe based on the data of Table 1. Explanation: the hatched area represents the assumed distribution area in the given period.

Figure 2 in A story of becoming a horticultural threat, cypress jewel beetle Lamprodila festiva (Coleoptera, Buprestidae): analytical approach of its European escalation based on bibliographical sources

Figure 2. The distribution of the content of publications on Lamprodila festiva as a function of time.

Figure 1. A in A story of becoming a horticultural threat, cypress jewel beetle Lamprodila festiva (Coleoptera, Buprestidae): analytical approach of its European escalation based on bibliographical sources

Figure 1. A spherical coordinate system on Earth is used for calculating the propagation vectors (a). The projection method of the observation points around the hot points as the centres of the new reference coordinate system (b).

Fig. 2 in Large lungworms (Nematoda: Dictyocaulidae) recovered from the European bison may represent a new nematode subspecies

Fig. 2. Dictyocaulus viviparus of European bison, female genital system, light microscopy. (A) Ovejectors in left lateral view, showing relationships for the vulva (vu), vestibules, and combined anterior infundibulum, and sphincter (ainf + asph), and posterior infundibulum and sphincter (pinf + psph). (B) Region of posterior infundibulum (pinf) and posterior sphincter (psph), left lateral view. (C) female tail, right lateral view, showing anus and phasmids (ph).

Fig. 4 in Large lungworms (Nematoda: Dictyocaulidae) recovered from the European bison may represent a new nematode subspecies

Fig. 4. Phylogenetic tree of Dictyocaulus spp. based on cox1, cytB and nad5 partial sequences, constructed with the use of Bayesian inference (BI) analysis using MrBayes version 3.2. The GTR + G (cox1, cytB) and GTR + I (nad5) model was chosen based on jModelTest version 2.1.4 using Akaike Information Criterion. The analysis was run for 2,000,000 generations, with 500,000 generations discarded as 'burn-in'. Hosts (for Dictyocaulus viviparus) and Gen- Bank accession numbers of origin are shown. Nodal support is indicated as Bayesian posterior probabilities. Sequence from Angiostrongylus cantoniensis (AP017672.1) was used as an outgroup.

Fig. 1 in Large lungworms (Nematoda: Dictyocaulidae) recovered from the European bison may represent a new nematode subspecies

Fig. 1. Dictyocaulus viviparus of European bison, anterior end. (A) Male, anterior end in optical section, showing head, cephalic vesicle (cv), esophagus, nerve ring (nr), lateral view. (B) Female, anterior end in optical section, showing buccal capsule (bc), buccal capsule wall (bcw), cephalic vesicle (cv), nerve ring (nr), and excretory pore (ep), lateral view. (C) Cephalic region, scanning electron microscopy, showing two lateral amphids (LA) and four submedian papillae (SCP).

Fig. 3 in Large lungworms (Nematoda: Dictyocaulidae) recovered from the European bison may represent a new nematode subspecies

Fig. 3. Dictyocaulus viviparus of European bison, male genital system, light microscopy. (A) Bursa, dorsal view. (B) Bursa, left lateral view, showing gubernaculum (gub), and left spicula (spi). (C) Spiculae, dorsal view.

Fig. 2. The PCR products identified within the 18S in Usefulness of PCR-RFLP of 18S rRNA gene for rapid post-mortem diagnostics of highly pathogenic Eimeria spp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) of European bison, Bison bonasus L. with histopathological correlation

Fig. 2. The PCR products identified within the 18S rRNA of Eimeria bovis following digestion with two restriction endonucleases: AluI recognising AG∧CT and Hin1II recognising CATG∧. M1: GeneRuler 100 bp Plus DNA Ladder (Thermo Fisher Scientific); M2: GeneRuler 50bp DNA Ladder (Thermo Fisher Scientific); lane 1: European bison colon wall tissue; lane 2: European bison colon wall tissue after digestion; lane 3: E. bovis oocysts of European bison; lane 4: E. bovis oocysts of European bison after digestion.

Fig. 3 in Usefulness of PCR-RFLP of 18S rRNA gene for rapid post-mortem diagnostics of highly pathogenic Eimeria spp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) of European bison, Bison bonasus L. with histopathological correlation

Fig. 3. The virtual double digestion of the 18S rRNA gene of eimerians infecting the large intestine of the European bison with the restriction enzymes Mval (BstNI) recognising CC∧WGG, and KpnI recognising GGTAC∧C, simulated with SnapGene version 5.0.6 (GSL Biotech LLC); M: GeneRuler 50 bp DNA Ladder (Thermo Fisher Scientific). (A) A three-band pattern for E. bovis (20 bp, 210 bp, 343 bp). (B) A four-band pattern for E, zuernii (20 bp, 100 bp, 210 bp, 242 bp). (C) A two-band pattern for E. alabamensis (212 bp, 362 bp).

Fig. 2 in Temporal dynamics of species associations in the parasite community of European eels, Anguilla anguilla, from a coastal lagoon

Fig. 2. Intensity of infection (mean ± SE number of parasites per host, including infected hosts only) of the six most common helminth parasites of eels, Anguilla anguilla, in Comacchio Lagoons, during three sampling periods. Graphs on the right-hand side do not include the 2015–2017 period, as these species were not found during that period. See Table 1 for full species names.

Fig. 4 in Temporal dynamics of species associations in the parasite community of European eels, Anguilla anguilla, from a coastal lagoon

Fig. 4. Pairwise relationships between numbers of parasites per host for the three most common digenean parasites of eels, Anguilla anguilla, in Comacchio Lagoons, across all three sampling periods combined. The line represents the relationship (with 95% confidence intervals) predicted by the generalized linear model; see text. Tick marks indicate partial residuals with either positive (top) or negative values (bottom). See Table 1 for full species names.

Fig. 3 in Temporal dynamics of species associations in the parasite community of European eels, Anguilla anguilla, from a coastal lagoon

Fig. 3. Scatterplots of pairwise relationships between numbers of parasites per host for the three most common digenean parasites of eels, Anguilla anguilla, in Comacchio Lagoons, across all three sampling periods combined. See Table 1 for full species names.

Fig. 1 in Usefulness of PCR-RFLP of 18S rRNA gene for rapid post-mortem diagnostics of highly pathogenic Eimeria spp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) of European bison, Bison bonasus L. with histopathological correlation

Fig. 1. Histopathological lesions associated with endogenous stages of Eimeria spp. in sections of the ileum and colon of European bison (H-E staining). (A) Shortening and blunting of the intestinal villi of the ileum with diffuse infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells within the lamina propria, edematous stroma, dilated crypt containing necrotic debris (arrow), and atrophy of submucosal lymphoid follicles (× 20 magnification). (B) Schizonts and degenerating merozoites in the crypt lumen of the colon (arrows); immature macrogamont with a central nucleus (arrowhead) (× 1000 magnification). (C) Immature microgamonts in the epithelial cells of the colon crypt (arrows) (× 400 magnification). (D) Mature microgamont in the epithelial cells of the colon crypt (arrow) (× 1000 magnification). (E) Gametogonic stages of Eimeria development in the epithelial cells of the colon. Microgamont with peripheral microgames (arrowhead), (a) nearly mature microgamonts, (b) macrogamont with eosinophilic wall-forming bodies, (c) early oocyst (× 400 magnification). (F) Mature macrogamont in the epithelial cells of the cecum (arrow) (× 1000 magnification).

Fig. 1 in Temporal dynamics of species associations in the parasite community of European eels, Anguilla anguilla, from a coastal lagoon

Fig. 1. Abundance (mean number of parasites per host, including non-infected hosts) of the six most common helminth parasites of eels, Anguilla anguilla, in Comacchio Lagoons, during three sampling periods: 2005–2006 (N = 140 eels), 2010–2013 (N = 131), and 2015–2017 (N = 30). Note that some values for the time period 2015–2017 are based on very few fish; see Table 1 for actual numbers and for full species names.

Fig. 2 in Toxoplasma gondii infection in European mouflons (Ovis musimon) and captive wild felines from Puebla, M�exico

Fig. 2. Representative PCR-RFLP pattern of T. gondii for SAG3 gene. Single and mixed infections in lions and mouflons tissues were observed. A. PCR for the SAG3 locus of lion 1 (L1, spleen), mouflon 1 (M1, brain) and mouflon 2 (M2, liver) samples. B. A triple infection is highlighted (yellow box). Resulting genotypes are specified at the bottom. In silico digestion was done by www.benchling.com. Reference strains sequences GT1, TGGT1_308020; Me49, TGME49_308020; VEG, TGVEG_308020 are available at www.toxodb.org. MW: molecular weight marker; RH and ME49 are reference strains, type I and II, respectively; M: mouflon, L: lion. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 1 in Toxoplasma gondii infection in European mouflons (Ovis musimon) and captive wild felines from Puebla, M�exico

Fig. 1. Toxoplasma gondii infection in captive mouflons in 2011 and 2012. A. Anti-T. gondii frequency distribution in fifty-five sera of mouflons sampled in 2011; black arrows indicate positive samples as determined by their position to the right of the normally distributed values of the left population. B. One year later, 41/55 original mouflons were captured, bled, and re-tested for antibodies against this parasite. The cut-off point used was 1.0 RI (dotted lines), which separated the negative population (left) from the positive cases. C. Three mouflons remained positive, five became negative, and four seroconverted positive in 2012 (red, green and blue dots, respectively); one mouflon is on the cut-off (orange dot). D. Immunohistochemistry for T. gondii in tissues from in the spleen of mouflon 1, where an immunopositive cumulus of tachyzoites can be seen (blue arrow). The nuclei of resident lymphocytes and dendritic cells were contrasted with Meyer's hematoxylin. Bar: 50 μm. R = Pearson correlation. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

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Fig. 1 in Short Communication Alpine chamois Rupicapra rupicapra (L. 1758) and European roe deer Capreolus capreolus (L. 1758) close together at a salt lick

Fig. 1 - The positions of the three chamois (C), two roe deer (R), and two observers (O) at the first full sighting of the animals, when the shortest distance between chamois and roe deer was four metres, 27 metres the longest. / Le posizioni dei tre camosci (C), dei due caprioli (R) e dei due osservatori (O) nel momento del primo avvistamento completo degli animali, quando tra camosci e caprioli la minima distanza era 4 metri, la massima 27 metri.

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Fig. 2 in Short Communication Alpine chamois Rupicapra rupicapra (L. 1758) and European roe deer Capreolus capreolus (L. 1758) close together at a salt lick

Fig. 2 - The roe deer and two chamois at the shortest interspecific distance (see Fig. 1) and the trampled and ravaged ground around their rock, suggesting the salt lick. / Il capriolo e i due camosci alla minima distanza interspecifica (vedi Fig. 1) e il terreno calpestato e rivoltato intorno alla loro roccia, indicativo di una salina.