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Fig. 1 in Differential patterns of definitive host use by two fish acanthocephalans occurring in sympatry: Pomphorhynchus laevis and Pomphorhynchus tereticollis

Fig. 1. Percentage of P. laevis (plain bars) and P. tereticollis (striped bars) among Pomphorhynchus parasites collected from amphipod intermediate hosts in the benthos, and from the fish definitive hosts, either in the intestine or collected as extraintestinal cystacanths, in (a) the Ouche and (b) Vingeanne localities. The proportion of P. laevis and P. tereticollis in each fish species was compared to their proportion in intermediate gammarid hosts using Fisher exact test (P-values given after correction for multiple test: ***: P <0.001; **: P <0.01; *: P <0.05; ns: not significant). Letters above bars refer to post-hoc comparison between fish species (Tukey HSD). Numbers below bars are sample sizes (number of parasites). Bentho-pelagic fish species are abbreviated in italics, benthic species in standard font. Species abbreviations: Barbus barbus, Bbs; Gobio gobio, Gg; Squalius cephalus, Sc; Telestes souffia, Ts; Chondrostoma nasus, Cn; Rutilus rutilus, Rr; Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Se; Leuciscus leuciscus, Ll; Phoxinus phoxinus, Pp; Barbatula barbatula, Bba; Ameiurus melas, Am; Perca fluviatilis, Pf; Cottus gobio, Cg; Gasterosteus aculeatus, Ga.

Fig. 2 in The subnivium, a haven for Trichinella larvae in host carcasses

Fig. 2. Reproductive Capacity index (RCI) of Trichinella britovi larvae, minimum and maximum temperature and relative humidity of fox and raccoon dog carcasses stored beneath and above the snow during the study period. Panel A, RCI of T. britovi larvae present in muscles of fox carcasses stored below (red line) or above (green line) the snow and of the raccoon dog carcasses stored below (violet line) or above (light blue line) the snow. Panel B, minimum (green line) and maximum (violet line) temperature below the snow and minimum (light blue line) and maximum (red line) daily temperature above the snow. Panel C, daily relative humidity (%) of carcasses above the snow. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 2 in Differential patterns of definitive host use by two fish acanthocephalans occurring in sympatry: Pomphorhynchus laevis and Pomphorhynchus tereticollis

Fig. 2. Relationship between fish biomass (g.100m-2) and P. laevis (a) or P. tereticollis (b) mean abundance per fish species, across fish species and localities (Ouche and Vingeanne localities). Both variables were log10-transformed.

Fig. 4 in Differential patterns of definitive host use by two fish acanthocephalans occurring in sympatry: Pomphorhynchus laevis and Pomphorhynchus tereticollis

Fig. 4. Relationship between the phylo-structural index of specificity towards definitive hosts and observed prevalence in gammarid intermediate hosts (%) in P. laevis and P. tereticollis. The phylo-structural index of specificity increases with the taxonomic diversity of fish species used.

Fig. 1 in Evidence of red panda as an intermediate host of Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis species

Fig. 1. Sarcocysts and Toxoplasma gondii cysts in red panda or mice. A: Tissue cysts, leg muscle, red panda. Two oval cysts (arrow) were observed in the skeletal muscle cell. The walls of the two cysts (arrowhead) were deeply stained by eosin. Red panda, H&E. B: Partial magnification of figure A. a, The wall of the cyst was clearly and deeply stained by eosin. b, The bradyzoites were like cresent or banana, they were arranged in packets (arrowhead). c, Necleus of host cell. C: Tissue cyst (arrow) was cross reacted with T. gondii, the cysts were separated by septa and formed many compartments (arrowhead), leg muscle. T. gondii antibody, red panda, IHC. D: Tissue cysts of T. gondii in brain of mouse (arrows), brain squash, unstained, 75DPI. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 1 in Host competence of African rodents Arvicanthis neumanni, A. niloticus and Mastomys natalensis for Leishmania major

Fig. 1. Xenodiagnosis and external manifestation of L. major in rodents. Direct xenodiagnosis with P. duboscqi in plastic tubes covered with fine mesh held on the ear of the anaesthetized A. niloticus (A) and external manifestation of L. major LV109 in ear pinnae (site of inoculation) of A. neumanni by week 10 p.i., (B); A. niloticus by week 30 p.i. (C, D) and M. natalensis by week 19 p.i. (E).

Fig. 3 in Parasite community structure as a predictor of host population structure: An example using Callorhinchus capensis

Fig. 3. Randomized individual-based species accumulation curve of parasites infecting Callorhinchus capensis (n = 259) caught off the West and South Coasts of South Africa between 2010 and 2015.

Fig. 1 in Parasite community structure as a predictor of host population structure: An example using Callorhinchus capensis

Fig. 1. Map showing sample locations (St Helena Bay, False Bay and trawl locations shown by diamond symbols) in which Callorhinchus capensis were caught (dashed line indicates 200 m depth contour). The inset shows the distribution range of Callorhinchus capensis (IUCN, 2012).

Fig. 2. a–d in Parasite community structure as a predictor of host population structure: An example using Callorhinchus capensis

Fig. 2. a–d: Four metazoan parasites found infecting Callorhinchus capensis caught in False Bay, South Africa in 2013. Photos taken by T. Morris.

Fig. 5 in First record of viviparity in polystomatid flatworms (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) with the description of two new species of Madapolystoma from the Madagascan anuran hosts Blommersia domerguei and Mantella expectata

Fig. 5. Scatter diagram of a × c plotted against b × c for all known Madapolystoma spp., M. magnahami n. sp. and M. isaloensis n. sp. The ellipses represent 95% of the confidence interval about the mean.

Fig. 4. a–b in First record of viviparity in polystomatid flatworms (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) with the description of two new species of Madapolystoma from the Madagascan anuran hosts Blommersia domerguei and Mantella expectata

Fig. 4. a–b) Ventral view of M. isaloensis n. sp. holotype. (c) Hamuli from mature specimens and (d) Marginal hooklets 1–8. Scale bars: B, 200 μm; C, 100 μm; D, 20 μm. Abbreviations: de, developing embryo; ee, early embryo; ev, excretory vessel; gb, genital bulb; gc, genito-intestinal canal; ha, hamuli. hp, haptor; ic, intestinal caecum; mh, marginal hooklet; mo, mouth; ph, pharynx; su, sucker; sv, seminal vesicle; va, vagina; vd, vas deferens; vi, vitelline follicles; vv, vitelline duct.

Fig. 3. a–b in First record of viviparity in polystomatid flatworms (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) with the description of two new species of Madapolystoma from the Madagascan anuran hosts Blommersia domerguei and Mantella expectata

Fig. 3. a–b) Ventral view of M. magnahami n. sp. holotype. (c) Hamuli from mature specimens and (d) Marginal hooklets 1 (top) and 2–8 (bottom). Scale bars: B, 500 μm; C, 100 μm; D, 25 μm. Abbreviations: em, embryo; ev, excretory vessel; gb, genital bulb; gc, genito-intestinal canal; ha, hamuli. hp, haptor; ic, intestinal caecum; mh, marginal hooklet; mo, mouth; pe, potential embryo; ph, pharynx; su, sucker; sv, seminal vesicle; va, vagina; vd, vas deferens; vi, vitelline follicles; vv, vitelline duct.

Fig. 2 in First record of viviparity in polystomatid flatworms (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) with the description of two new species of Madapolystoma from the Madagascan anuran hosts Blommersia domerguei and Mantella expectata

Fig. 2. Minimum Evolution tree for Madapolystoma spp. Numbers on nodes indicate bootstrap support values. Madapolystoma sp. from B. domerguei refers to M. magnahami n. sp. and Madapolystoma sp. from M. expectata refers to M. isaloensis n. sp.

Fig. 2 in The canary Serinus canaria (Passeriformes: Fringillidae) as a new host for Isospora bioccai in Mexico

Fig. 2. Isospora bioccai from the duodenum of a canary Serinus canaria. Meronts (arrowheads) surrounded by its parasitophorous vacuole. Scale-bar: 10μm.

Fig. 1 in The canary Serinus canaria (Passeriformes: Fringillidae) as a new host for Isospora bioccai in Mexico

Fig. 1. Oöcyst of Isospora bioccai. A & B. Photomicrographs. Scale-bar: 10μm. ∗ Corresponding author. CIESA-FMVZ-UAEM, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco km 12, Toluca, 50200, Mexico. E-mail address: soriano@uaemex.mx (E. Soriano-Vargas).

Fig. 1. a in First record of viviparity in polystomatid flatworms (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) with the description of two new species of Madapolystoma from the Madagascan anuran hosts Blommersia domerguei and Mantella expectata

Fig. 1. a) Map of Madagascar with the distribution areas and sampling localities of the two investigated frogs; b) Blommersia domerguei; c) Mantella expectata. (Map-Library, 2007).

Fig. 3 in The canary Serinus canaria (Passeriformes: Fringillidae) as a new host for Isospora bioccai in Mexico

Fig. 3. Duodenum histological sections of a naturally Isospora bioccai-infected canary Serinus canaria. A. Meronts surrounded by its parasitophorous vacuole. B. A sexual stage. Photomicrographs. Scale-bar: 10μm.

Fig. 1 in The life history strategy of a fur seal hookworm in relation to pathogenicity and host health status

Fig. 1. Life cycle of Uncinaria sp. in South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis). Pups get infected through ingestion of colostrum that contains infective stage 3 larvae (L3s). Within 2-weeks, hookworms reach adulthood in the small intestine and shed eight-celled eggs in the pup's feces. Eggs larvate in the rookery soil and larvae develop into sheathed infective L3s which penetrate the skin and reach the subcutaneous tissues of all animals in the rookery. However, Uncinaria sp. larvae only have a chance to reach the next definitive host in females, which give birth and produce colostrum once a year, repeating the cycle. It is very likely that female pups can keep larvae in their tissues until they reach maturity and pass them to their pup (blue arrow). All males are dead end hosts. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 5 in The life history strategy of a fur seal hookworm in relation to pathogenicity and host health status

Fig. 5. South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) pups that suffer the worst consequences of hookworm (Uncinaria sp.) infection contribute to most of the egg shedding in the environment. Hookworm egg shedding represents the product of the median number of eggs per fecal smear and the number of days a pup was infected with hookworms (Burden * infectious period). (a) Anemic pups shed on average more hookworm eggs compared to nonanemic pups (GLM with negative binomial distribution, Anemic pups = 1.36 ± 0.23, Z = 5.92, P = 3.09 × 10 −9). (b) Fur seal pups that died due to hookworm disease shed on average more hookworm eggs when compared to pups that survived (GLM with negative binomial distribution, Pups died = 1.40 ± 0.22, Z = 6.16, P = 7.24 × 10 −10).

Fig. 4 in The life history strategy of a fur seal hookworm in relation to pathogenicity and host health status

Fig. 4. Anemia and mortality are driven by parasite burden. (a) Survival rates of pups with severe hookworm infection was 44.4%, compared to 90.6% survival of pups with mild hookworm infection and 93.4% survival of pups treated with the antiparasitic ivermectin (Log-rank Mantel-Cox test, Χ2 = 44.43, df = 2, P = 5.41 × 10−10). (b) Hemoglobin concentrations were markedly lower in the group with high parasitic burden (severe infection) (ANOVA, F = 31.47, df = 2, P = 2.12 × 10−12). Whiskers represent 95% confidence intervals.