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5,666 results for “Social”
Indonesian Foreign Policy towards Iran: Shia Hate speech on X social media with LSTM and SVM Analysis
<p>This table and figure are integral components of research on Shia hate speech on social media X, a critical issue in the context of identity politics in Indonesia and globally. This study is of paramount importance as it delves into the identity politics often exploited by politicians in Indonesia and around the world. The Shia community's support for President Jokowi in the first and second stages of the Election was met with hate speech from the opposition group. The study further investigates whether this Shia hate speech is linked to the government's policy towards Iran, a country known for its Shia ideology. The study is presented in three parts:<br>1. Table detailing the sentiment analysis process and results, which were conducted using advanced machine learning techniques such as SVM and LSTM. This approach significantly enhances the accuracy and reliability of the study's findings.<br>2. Figure in the form of a graph related to the study results and the results of comments from the Indonesian public about Shia.<br>3. This research is backed by a comprehensive dataset comprising public comments from Indonesia on Shia. This extensive data collection ensures the study's conclusions are thorough and reliable.</p> <p>4. Processing of machine learning</p>
Reducing social media engagement with affectively polarised content via inoculation
<p>Datasets for validation study and experiments one - six.</p>
Data for "Information sharing within a social network is key to behavioral flexibility – lessons from mice tested under semi-naturalistic conditions"
<p>Data for "Information sharing within a social network is key to behavioral flexibility – lessons from mice tested under semi-naturalistic conditions", currently under review in Science Advances. </p>
Data to estimate energy efficiency and environmental friendliness of Ukrainian GDP from indicators of structural, economic, and social development in Ukraine
<p><span>Data to estimate regression dependences of energy efficiency and environmental friendliness of GDP from indicators of structural, economic, and social development in Ukraine </span></p>
Dataset Questionnaire Driving Repeat Purchases and E-WOM: How Price, Reputation, Hedonic Appeal, and Social Interaction Shape Consumer Behavior in Indonesia's E-Commerce Smartphone Market
<p>The following dataset is a dataset from a study that investigated price advantage, reputation, hedonic effort, and social interaction influence customer satisfaction, which in turn impacts repurchase intention and e-WOM (electronic word-of-mouth).</p>
Data from: Linking social and spatial networks to viral community phylogenetics reveals subtype-specific transmission dynamics in African lions
1.Heterogeneity within pathogen species can have important consequences for how pathogens transmit across landscapes; however, discerning different transmission routes is challenging. 2.Here we apply both phylodynamic and phylogenetic community ecology techniques to examine the consequences of pathogen heterogeneity on transmission by assessing subtype specific transmission pathways in a social carnivore. 3.We use comprehensive social and spatial network data to examine transmission pathways for three subtypes of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIVPle) in African lions (Panthera leo) at multiple scales in the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. We used FIVPle molecular data to examine the role of social organization and lion density in shaping transmission pathways and tested to what extent vertical (i.e., father and/or mother offspring relationships) or horizontal (between unrelated individuals) transmission underpinned these patterns for each subtype. Using the same data, we constructed subtype specific FIVPle co-occurrence networks and assessed what combination of social networks, spatial networks, or co-infection best structured the FIVPle network. 4.While social organization (i.e., pride) was an important component of FIVPle transmission pathways at all scales, we find that FIVPle subtypes exhibited different transmission pathways at within- and between-pride scales. A combination of social and spatial networks, coupled with consideration of subtype co-infection, was likely to be important for FIVPle transmission for the two major subtypes, but the relative contribution of each factor was strongly subtype specific. 5.Our study provides evidence that pathogen heterogeneity is important in understanding pathogen transmission, which could have consequences for how endemic pathogens are managed. Furthermore, we demonstrate that community phylogenetic ecology coupled with phylodynamic techniques can reveal insights into the differential evolutionary pressures acting on virus subtypes, which can manifest into landscape-level effects.
Data from: Split between two worlds: automated sensing reveals links between above- and belowground social networks in a free-living mammal
Many animals socialize in two or more major ecological contexts. In nature, these contexts often involve one situation in which space is more constrained (e.g. shared refuges, sleeping cliffs, nests, dens or burrows) and another situation in which animal movements are relatively free (e.g. in open spaces lacking architectural constraints). Although it is widely recognized that an individual's characteristics may shape its social life, the extent to which architecture constrains social decisions within and between habitats remains poorly understood. Here we developed a novel, automated-monitoring system to study the effects of personality, life-history stage and sex on the social network structure of a facultatively social mammal, the California ground squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi) in two distinct contexts: aboveground where space is relatively open and belowground where it is relatively constrained by burrow architecture. Aboveground networks reflected affiliative social interactions whereas belowground networks reflected burrow associations. Network structure in one context (belowground), along with preferential juvenile–adult associations, predicted structure in a second context (aboveground). Network positions of individuals were generally consistent across years (within contexts) and between ecological contexts (within years), suggesting that individual personalities and behavioural syndromes, respectively, contribute to the social network structure of these free-living mammals. Direct ties (strength) tended to be stronger in belowground networks whereas more indirect paths (betweenness centrality) flowed through individuals in aboveground networks. Belowground, females fostered significantly more indirect paths than did males. Our findings have important potential implications for disease and information transmission, offering new insights into the multiple factors contributing to social structures across ecological contexts.
Data from: The roles of non-production vegetation in agroecosystems: a research framework for filling process knowledge gaps in a social-ecological context
<p>1. An ever-expanding human population, climatic changes, and the spread of intensive farming practices is putting increasing pressure on agroecosystems and their inherent biodiversity. Non-production vegetation elements, such as woody patches, riparian margins, and restoration plantings, are vital for conserving agroecosystem biodiversity. Further, such elements are key building blocks that are manipulated via land management, thereby influencing the biotic and abiotic processes that underpin functioning agroecosystems.</p> <p>2. Despite this critical role, there has been a lack of synthesis on which types of vegetation elements drive and/or support ecological processes, and the mechanisms by which this occurs. Using a systematic, quantitative literature review of 342 articles, we asked: what are the effects of non-production vegetation on agroecosystem processes and how are these processes measured within global agroecosystems?</p> <p>3. Woody patches, hedgerows and borders, riparian margins, and shelterbelts were the most studied types of non-production vegetation. The majority (61%) of studies showed positive effects of non-production vegetation on ecological processes, where the presence, level or rate of the studied process was increased or enhanced.</p> <p>4. However, four key research gaps were revealed: (1) most studies (83%) used proxies for, instead of direct measurements of, ecosystem processes related to non-production vegetation; (2) study designs used to investigate non-production vegetation effects on ecosystem processes directly were largely limited to observational comparisons of non-production vegetation types, farm-scale vegetation configurations, and different proximities to vegetation in terms of the effect on ecological processes; relatively few studies used manipulative experiments (3) the relatively few studies directly measuring ecosystem processes were dominated by four process categories: invertebrate biocontrol, predator and natural enemy spillover, animal movement, and ecosystem cycling, and (4) the methods used to directly measure non-production vegetation effects comprised a surprisingly limited set of approaches.</p> <p>5. To fill key research gaps that will inform the use of non-production vegetation to enhance agroecosystem processes, we present a framework for future research that emphasises the need to combine an understanding of human decision making with carefully-designed and targeted investigations into the roles of taxa, ecosystem processes, and landscape heterogeneity related to non-production vegetation, at multiple spatial scales within agroecosystems.</p>
Data from: Selection for collective aggressiveness favors social susceptibility in social spiders
Particularly socially influential individuals are present in many groups, but it is unclear whether their emergence is determined by their social influence versus the social susceptibility of others. The social spider Stegodyphus dumicola shows regional variation in apparent leader-follower dynamics. We use this variation to evaluate the relative contributions of leader social influence versus follower social susceptibility in driving this social order. Using chimeric colonies that combine potential leaders and followers, we discover that leader-follower dynamics emerge from the site-specific social susceptibility of followers. We further show that the presence of leaders increases colony survival in environments where leader-follower dynamics occur. Thus, leadership is driven by the "social susceptibility" of the population majority, rather than the social influence of key group members.
Data from: The socially parasitic ant Polyergus mexicanus has host-associated genetic population structure and related neighboring nests
<p>The genetic structure of populations can be both a cause and a consequence of ecological interactions. For parasites, genetic structure may be a consequence of preferences for host species or of mating behavior. Conversely, genetic structure can determine where conspecific interactions among parasites lay on a spectrum from cooperation to conflict. We used microsatellite loci to characterize the genetic structure of a population of the socially parasitic dulotic (aka "slave-making") ant (<i>Polyergus mexicanus</i>), which is known for its host-specificity and conspecific aggression. First, we assessed whether the pattern of host species use by the parasite has influenced parasite population structure. We found that host species use was correlated with subpopulation structure, but this correlation was imperfect: some subpopulations used one host species exclusively, while others used several. Second, we examined the viscosity of the parasite population by measuring the relatedness of pairs of neighboring parasitic ant nests at varying distances from each other. Although natural history observations of local dispersal by queens suggested the potential for viscosity, there was no strong correlation between relatedness and distance between nests. However, 35% of nests had a closely related neighboring nest, indicating that kinship could potentially affect the nature of some interactions between nests of this social parasite. Our findings confirm that ecological forces like host species selection can shape the genetic structure of parasite populations, and that such genetic structure has the potential to influence parasite-parasite interactions in social parasites via inclusive fitness.</p>
Environmental decomposition of olefinic cuticular hydrocarbons of Periplaneta americana generates a volatile pheromone that guides social behaviour
<p>Once emitted, semiochemicals are exposed to reactive environmental factors that may alter them, thus disrupting chemical communication. Some species, however, might have adapted to detect environmentally mediated breakdown products of their natural chemicals as semiochemicals. We demonstrate that air, water vapour and ultraviolet (UV) radiation break down unsaturated cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) of Periplaneta americana (American cockroach), resulting in the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In behavioural assays, nymphs strongly avoided aggregating in shelters exposed to the breakdown VOCs from cuticular alkenes. The three treatments (air, water<br> vapour, UV) produced the same VOCs, but at different time-courses and ratios. Fourteen VOCs from UV-exposed CHCs elicited electrophysiological responses in nymph antennae; 10 were identified as 2-nonanone, 1-pentanol, 1-octanol, 1-nonanol, tetradecanal, acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, pentanoic acid and hexanoic acid. When short-chain fatty acids were tested as a mix and a blend of the alcohols and aldehyde was tested as a second mix, nymphs exhibited no preference for control or treated shelters. However, nymphs avoided shelters that were exposed to VOCs from the complete 10-compound mix. Conditioned shelters (occupied by cockroaches with faeces and CHCs deposited on the shelters), which are normally highly attractive to nymphs, were also avoided after UV exposure, confirming that breakdown products from deposited metabolites, including CHCs,mediate this behaviour. Our results demonstrate that common environmental agents degrade CHCs into behaviourally active volatile compounds that potentially may serve as necromones or epideictic pheromones, mediating group dissolution.</p>
Modality-specific dysfunctional neural processing of social-abstract and non-social-concrete information in schizophrenia
<p>Schizophrenia is characterized by marked communication dysfunctions encompassing potential impairments in the processing of social-abstract and non-social-concrete information, especially in everyday situations where multiple modalities are present in the form of speech and gesture. To date, the neurobiological basis of these deficits remains elusive. In a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, 17 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, and 18 matched controls watched videos of an actor speaking, gesturing (unimodal), and both speaking and gesturing (bimodal) about social or non-social events in a naturalistic way. Participants were asked to judge whether each video contains person-related (social) or object-related (non-social) information. When processing social-abstract content, patients showed reduced activation in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) only in the gesture but not in the speech condition. For non-social-concrete content, remarkably, reduced neural activation for patients in the left postcentral gyrus and the right insula was observed only in the speech condition. Moreover, in the bimodal conditions, patients displayed improved task performance and comparable activation to controls in both social and non-social content. To conclude, patients with schizophrenia displayed modality-specific aberrant neural processing of social and non-social information, which is not present for the bimodal conditions. This finding provides novel insights into dysfunctional multimodal communication in schizophrenia, and may have potential therapeutic implications.</p>
Male-like ornamentation in female hummingbirds results from social harassment rather than sexual selection DATA_CODE
<p>Contains all relevant data and code for analyses and figures used in "Male-like ornamentation in female hummingbirds results from social harassment rather than sexual selection" by Jay J. Falk, Michael S. Webster, and Dustin R. Rubenstein. Current Biology, 2021. </p>
Multilayer social networks reveal the social complexity of a cooperatively breeding bird
<p>Focal observations of Arabian babblers (<em>Argya squamiceps</em>). The folder contains adjacency matrices of nine social groups observed between 2017 and 2020. Some of the groups were observed multiple times, the complete list of group rounds is also provided. We recorded six different interaction types, hence the folder contains a total of 114 adjacency matrices.</p>
Integrierte Antwortstrategien als Reaktion auf negative Electronic Word-of-Mouth. Eine Analyse von Nestlés Beschwerdemanagement auf deutschen und US-amerikanischen Social Network Sites
<p>Die hochgeladenen sieben Dokumente beinhalten das Codebuch der Arbeit, alle Beschwerden samt Codierungen sowie alle Korrelationen zwischen Beschwerden und Antwortstrategien.</p> <p>Des weiteren finden sich alle Beschwerden und Beschwerdeantworten der vier CSR-Themen <em>Tierleid, Privatisierung von Wasser/Wasserklau, Regenwaldzerstörung </em>und <em>Kinderarbeit. </em>Bei jeder Beschwerde sind zudem die passenden qualitativ ermittelten Kategorien grafisch dargestellt.</p>
Data from: Habitat and social factors shape individual decisions and emergent group structure during baboon collective movement
For group-living animals traveling through heterogeneous landscapes, collective movement can be influenced by both habitat structure and social interactions. Yet research in collective behavior has largely neglected habitat influences on movement. Here we integrate simultaneous, high-resolution, tracking of wild baboons within a troop with a 3-dimensional reconstruction of their habitat to identify key drivers of baboon movement. A previously unexplored social influence – baboons' preference for locations that other troop members have recently traversed – is the most important predictor of individual movement decisions. Habitat is shown to influence movement over multiple spatial scales, from long-range attraction and repulsion from the troop's sleeping site, to relatively local influences including road-following and a short-range avoidance of dense vegetation. Scaling to the collective level reveals a clear association between habitat features and the emergent structure of the group, highlighting the importance of habitat heterogeneity in shaping group coordination.
Disentangling the roles of social and individual effects on cadmium tolerance in the ant Temnothorax nylanderi.
<p>Data from the paper 'Disentangling the roles of social and individual effects on cadmium tolerance in the ant Temnothorax nylanderi.'</p>
Appendix II for: Social context modulates scale-free walks in a social insect
<p>Plots from the MLE (Maximum likelihood estimation) analysis for the step-lengths of the focal termite workers. Two competing models were tested: Truncated Pareto Lévy (TP - red line) vs exponential (EX - blue dashed line) for both (X and Y) axis. Data series are identified with "S" plus a number from 1 to 75). The Lévy exponent ($1 < \mu \leq 3.0$) and the Akaike weights (wAIC) for the competing models (1 for full support, 0 for not support) are shown in the plots. </p>
Les maîtres parisiens et la fabrique des identités sociales à la fin du Moyen Âge : des « intellectuels organiques » ?
<p>L’apparition des universités, au tournant du XII<sup>e</sup> et du XIII<sup>e</sup> siècle, fait surgir sur la scène sociale et politique une nouvelle catégorie d’hommes, dont la fonction principale – et revendiquée comme telle par eux-mêmes – est de penser et d’enseigner. Les travaux de sociologie historique n’ont cessé d’affiner notre connaissance des modalités de cette sociogenèse médiévale de la catégorie universitaire. Parallèlement, les historiens se sont attachés à mettre en évidence la façon dont ce groupe nouveau d’intellectuels – maîtres et étudiants juridiquement érigés en <em>universitas</em> – s’était appliqué à déployer des stratégies variées pour s’affirmer en tant que catégorie sociale objectivée dans le paysage politique des XIII<sup>e</sup>-XV<sup>e</sup> siècles. Les maîtres – notamment parisiens – contribuèrent en effet à élaborer un répertoire conceptuel nouveau, permettant d’observer et de penser la société, d’y opérer des distinctions, et, en définitive, d’esquisser une sociologie nouvelle, au sein de laquelle ils étaient amenés à prendre place. De nombreux travaux historiques ont souligné à quel point ces outils sociologiques, à vocation classificatoire, furent mis au profit d’un discours moral, porté notamment par une pastorale <em>ad status</em>. Moins fréquemment a-t-on souligné leur contribution à la formation d’une pensée étatique moderne, alors même que les anthropologues du politique ou les sociologues de l’État insistaient sur le fait que l’« acte de catégorisation » (G. Balandier) et de promotion d’une stratification sociale – introduisant à la fois une différenciation et une hiérarchie entre individus et groupes – constituait un levier fondamental de la domination politique et un « acte d’État » (P. Bourdieu). Dans cette perspective, notre attention se portera plus particulièrement sur la fabrique des identités sociales telle qu’elle s’observe dans une collection de manuscrits, principalement élaborés à Paris entre 1220 et 1435, connue sous le nom de <em>Bibles moralisées. </em>Il s’agit d’ouvrages probablement conçus par des théologiens, à destination d’un public princier et royal, dans lequel les maîtres s’appuient sur le récit biblique pour proposer une exégèse textuelle et visuelle du monde social, « a wide social spectrum » (Gérald B. Guest). En abordant successivement, la question des auteurs de ces bibles moralisées et de leur lien avec le monde universitaire, puis le dispositif sociologique qu’ils livrent à leur lectorat de puissants laïcs et, enfin, la place qu’ils accordent à leur propre condition universitaire dans ce panorama social, il s’agira de souligner le rôle que purent jouer les maîtres parisiens dans l’établissement du dispositif de la domination étatique, par leur contribution à l’énonciation d’un monde social ordonné, faisant d’eux les « intellectuels organiques » (A. Gramsci) d’un État moderne en gestation.</p>
Data files for "Estimating a Social Cost of Carbon for Global Energy Consumption"
<p>Data files for "Estimating a Social Cost of Carbon for Global Energy Consumption".</p> <p>Findings of the paper can be replicated using these data files, along with code at https://github.com/ClimateImpactLab/energy-code-release-2020/.</p> <p> </p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.