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Fig. 6 in Diverse undescribed compounds from the rhizome of Zingiber officinale Rosc. And their anti-inflammatory activity

Fig. 6. Effects of compounds 1–7 on cell viability. The concentrations of these compounds ranged from 10 to 100 μM. Experiments were performed in triplicate, and the data are presented as the mean ± SD. Statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA and Dunnett's test. #p <0.001 vs. the control group; *p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001 vs. the LPS-stimulated group.

Fig. 8 in Eremophilane-type and xanthanolide-type sesquiterpenes from the aerial parts of Xanthium sibiricum and their anti-inflammatory activities

Fig. 8. Inhibitory effect of the isolated compounds (1–13) at concentrations of 10 μM on the mRNA levels of Tnf-α (A), Il-1β (B), and Il-6 (C) in LPS stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Dexamethasone was used as a positive control drug. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3). ###p <0.001 compared with the group untreated with LPS; **p <0.01 and ***p <0.001 compared with the group treated with LPS.

Fig. 6 in Eremophilane-type and xanthanolide-type sesquiterpenes from the aerial parts of Xanthium sibiricum and their anti-inflammatory activities

Fig. 6. Optimized geometry of 3 at the B3LYP/6–31G (d) level in methanol, and the comparison of the experimental and calculated ECD spectra of (6S,7S,9R,10R)-3a and (6R,7R,9S,10S)-3b.

Fig. 8 in Guide isolation of guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids from Daphne tangutica maxim. And their anti-inflammatory activities

Fig. 8. Inhibitory effects of 1–32 against LPS-induced NO production in BV-2 cells. Mean ± SD of three replicates is shown. *p <0.05, *p <0.01 with the LPS group. ###p <0.001 with the control group.

Fig. 4 in Guide isolation of guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids from Daphne tangutica maxim. And their anti-inflammatory activities

Fig. 4. Key HMBC (arrows in blue) and 1 H– 1 H COSY (bold in black) correlations of undescribed compounds 1-13. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 2 in Guide isolation of guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids from Daphne tangutica maxim. And their anti-inflammatory activities

Fig. 2. The molecular network of D. tangutica, in which chemical classification was achieved by MolNetEnhancer at the subclass level, except for the heteromonocyclic compounds classified at the molecular framework level.

Fig. 5 in Megastigmane glycosides from Streblus ilicifolius (S.Vidal) Corner and their anti-inflammatory activity

Fig. 5. Effects of 5 on COX2 (A), iNOS (B) and NF-κB/p65 nuclear translocation (C); effects of 18 on COX2 (D), iNOS (E) and NF-κB/p65 (F) nuclear translocation. Data represent Mean ± SD (n = 3). ***p <0.001 versus control group; ###p <0.001 versus LPS group.

Fig. 4 in Megastigmane glycosides from Streblus ilicifolius (S.Vidal) Corner and their anti-inflammatory activity

Fig. 4. Effects of the compound 5 on the PGE2 (A) and TNF-α productions (B); effects of the compound 18 on the PGE2 (C) and TNF-α productions (D). The cells were stimulated with LPS (1 μg/mL) 2 h and then for treated with the compounds (12.5, 25, 50 μM) for 24 h. PGE2 and TNF-α concentration in the supernatants were measured using ELISA. Dexamethasone was used as positive reference compound at the same concentration with compounds. Values re the mean ± SE of three determinations. ***p <0.001 compared with cells treated by LPS.

Fig. 6 in Megastigmane glycosides from Streblus ilicifolius (S.Vidal) Corner and their anti-inflammatory activity

Fig. 6. Average fluorescence intensity of 5 (A) and 18 (B) by conducted immunofluorescence assay. RAW264.7 cells were pre-treated with various concentrations of 5 and 18 for 1 h, and then LPS-stimulated during 1 h. Data represent Mean ± SD (n = 3). ***p <0.001 versus control group; ###p <0.001 versus LPS group.

opennotspecifiedJan 2023View details →

Fig. 4 in Puerol and pueroside derivatives from Pueraria lobata and their anti-inflammatory activity

Fig. 4. Effects of the tested compounds on the expression of inflammatory factors in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The total RNA was extracted, and Real-time PCR was performed using specific primers to the mRNA expression of TNF-α (A), IL-1β (B) and IL-6 (C). ##P <0.01 and ####P <0.0001, compared to the control group; *P <0.05, **P <0.01, ***P <0.001 and ****P <0.0001, compared to the LPS alone group.

opennotspecifiedJan 2023View details →

Fig. 7 in Secotrijugins A D, four highly oxidized and rearranged limonoids from Trichilia sinensis and their anti-inflammatory activity

Fig. 7. Effects of 2 on NO production in LPS-stimulated zebrafish embryos. Zebrafish embryos were stimulated by LPS (10 μg/ml) with or without 2 (10, 30, and 100 μM) for 24 h. At 3 day post fertilization (dpf), the NO levels were measured by laser confocal microscope. Fluorescence intensity was quantified using Image J. Data were expressed as mean ± SD. ###p <0.001 compared with LPS-untreated embryos, ***p <0.001, *p <0.05 compared with LPS-treated group.

opennotspecifiedJan 2023View details →

Fig. 5 in Secotrijugins A D, four highly oxidized and rearranged limonoids from Trichilia sinensis and their anti-inflammatory activity

Fig. 5. Effects of 2 on iNOS and COX-2 expression in LPS-induced BV-2 cells. BV-2 cells were pretreated with 2 with 10, 30, and 100 μM for 30 min and then stimulated with LPS for 24 h, cells were harvested, and total protein was extracted. Protein band intensity was normalized to β-actin and was expressed as fold difference relative to the LPS group (down). ###p <0.001, compared with control, ***p <0.001; **p <0.01, *p <0.05, compared with LPS group.

opennotspecifiedOct 2022View details →

Fig. 6 in Anti-inflammatory withanolides from the aerial parts of Physalis minima

Fig. 6. Molecular docking simulations of iNOS (A) and COX-2 (B) with bioactive compound 3 (colored by atom: carbon is cyan; nitrogen is blue; oxygen is red; hydrogen is gray; sulfur is orange). For clarity, only interacting residues are labeled. Hydrogen-bonding interactions are shown by dashes. These figures were created by PyMOL. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

opennotspecifiedMar 2022View details →

Fig. 4. A in Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic specialised metabolites from the leaves of Glandularia × hybrida

Fig. 4. A) Key 1H–1H COSY and HMBC correlations of aglycone part of 2 and 3. B) Key 1H–1H COSY and HMBC correlations of C-3 and C-28 sugar chains of 2. C) Key 1H–1H COSY and HMBC correlations of C-3 and C-28 sugar chains of 3.

opennotspecifiedOct 2022View details →

Fig. 5 in Anti-inflammatory withanolides from the aerial parts of Physalis minima

Fig. 5. Effects of compound 3 on iNOS and COX-2 expression in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with compound 3 (1, 3, and 10 μM) for 30 min and then stimulated with LPS for 24 h, cells were harvested, and total protein was extracted. Protein band intensity was normalized to β-actin and is expressed as fold difference relative to the LPS group (down). ###P <0.001, compared with control, ***P <0.001, compared with LPS group.

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Fig. 5. A in Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic specialised metabolites from the leaves of Glandularia × hybrida

Fig. 5. A) 3D-docked model of compound 1 within the active site of iNOS; heme was shown in dark pink co-ordinating with amino acid residue; Cys194, (shown in dark cyan). B) 3D-docked model of compound 2 within the active site of iNOS; heme was shown in dark pink co-ordinating with amino acid residue; Cys194, (shown in dark cyan). C) 3D-docked model of hydrolysate of compound 2 within the active site of iNOS; heme was shown in dark pink co-ordinating with amino acid residue; Cys194, (shown in dark cyan).

Fig. 10. Compounds 1–8 in Bisabolane-type sesquiterpenes from Vernonia amygdalina: Absolute configuration and anti-inflammatory activity

Fig. 10. Compounds 1–8 inhibited the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. A: The expression of relative proteins related to the PI3K/AKT signaling pathways involved inflammation, including PI3K, NF-κB (p65), and AKT RAW 264.7 cells. B–D: The relative levels of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/ AKT, and p-p65/p65 were quantified (mean ± SD. ###p <0.001, compared with the group untreated with LPS; *p <0.05, **p <0.01 and ***p <0.001 compared with the group treated with LPS.).

Fig. 5. A in Bisabolane-type sesquiterpenes from Vernonia amygdalina: Absolute configuration and anti-inflammatory activity

Fig. 5. A: Analysis of modified Mosher's method for 1. Δδ values (in ppm) = δS MTPA esters (1a) and (R)-MTPA esters (1b) at H-12.

Fig. 9 in Bisabolane-type sesquiterpenes from Vernonia amygdalina: Absolute configuration and anti-inflammatory activity

Fig. 9. Effects of Compounds 1–8 on the NO production and the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins. RAW 264.7 cells were pretreated with Compounds 1–8 for 2 h and then stimulated with 1 μg/mL LPS for additional 24 h. A: The effect of Compounds 1–8 on the viability of RAW 264.7 cells. B: The inhibitory effect of Compounds 1–8 on LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. C: Western blot of the expression levels of iNOS and COX-2 proteins. D–E: Quantitative densitometry analysis of iNOS/β-actin and COX-2/β-actin (mean ± SD. ###p <0.001, compared with the group untreated with LPS; *p <0.05, **p <0.01 and ***p <0.001 compared with the group treated with LPS.).

Fig. 8. A in Bisabolane-type sesquiterpenes from Vernonia amygdalina: Absolute configuration and anti-inflammatory activity

Fig. 8. A: Regression analysis of experimental vs. calculated 13C NMR chemical shifts of (6R, 7S, 11R)-8; B: DP4 probability analysis for (6R*, R*, 11R*)-8 (6R*, + 7, 7R*, 11S*)-8, (6R*, 7S*, 11R*)-8 and (6R*, 7S*, 11S*)-8 at the PCM-mPW1PW91/6-31G (d, p) level.