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12,683 results for “tolerability”
Data from: Ecological novelty by hybridization: experimental evidence for increased thermal tolerance by transgressive segregation in Tigriopus californicus
Early generations of hybrids can express both genetic incompatibilities and phenotypic novelty. Insights into whether these conflicting interactions between intrinsic and extrinsic selection persist after a few generations of recombination require experimental studies. To address this question, we use interpopulation crosses and recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of the copepod Tigriopus californicus, and focus on two traits that are relevant for the diversification of this species: survivorship during development and tolerance to thermal stress. Experimental crosses between two population pairs show that most RILs between two heat-tolerant populations show enhanced tolerance to temperatures that are lethal to the respective parentals, whereas RILs between a heat-tolerant and a heat-sensitive population are intermediate. Although interpopulation crosses are affected by intrinsic selection at early generational hybrids, most of the sampled F9 RILs have recovered fitness to the level of their parentals. Together, these results suggest that a few generations of recombination allows for an independent segregation of the genes underlying thermal tolerance and cytonuclear incompatibilities, permitting certain recombinant lineages to survive in niches previously unused by parental taxa (i.e., warmer thermal environments) without incurring intrinsic selection.
Data file for paper "The intriguing poison tolerance of non-precious metal oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts" DOI: 10.1039/C5TA05794A
<p>Data file containing data for figures and supplemental information for the paper</p> <p>The intriguing poison tolerance of non-precious metal oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts</p> <p>D. Malko, T. Lopes, E. Symianakis and A. R. Kucernak</p> <p>published in Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2015</p> <p>DOI: 10.1039/C5TA05794A</p>
FIGURE 3. Yarrhpelopia norrisi gen. n in A new genus and species of Australian Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) tolerant to mine waste
FIGURE 3. Yarrhpelopia norrisi gen. n. sp. n. Larva. A. Head, left ventral, right dorsal: Abbreviations: S5-S10 cephalic setae, DP—dorsal pit, VP—ventral pit: B. Segments 2–4 of antenna; C. Antennal apex; D. Mandible; E. Ligula; F. Palp; G. Submentum; H. Posterior parapod claws (selected).
FIGURE 2. Yarrhpelopia norrisi gen. n in A new genus and species of Australian Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) tolerant to mine waste
FIGURE 2. Yarrhpelopia norrisi gen. n. sp. n. Pupa. A. Thoracic horn and thoracic comb; B. Dorsal abdomen; C. Tergite IV spinulation ('shagreen'), detail; D. Anal lobe,left half.
FIGURE 1. Yarrhpelopia norrisi gen. n in A new genus and species of Australian Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) tolerant to mine waste
FIGURE 1. Yarrhpelopia norrisi gen. n. sp. n. Adult male. A. Antennal apex; B. Wing; C. Tibial apices, TI–TIII L to R; D. Hypopygium, left side dorsal, right side stylised ventral/internal.
Figure 1. A in Osmotic stress tolerance in semi-terrestrial tardigrades
Figure 1. A, Light micrograph of Ramazzottius oberhaeuseri. Scale bar = 100 µm. B, Activity in percentage (mean ƚ SEM) of R. oberhaeuseri in experimental series (N = 3–6) with acute exposures to 192 ƚ 1, 463 ƚ 1, 560 ƚ 1 and 758 1 mOsm kg—1 NaCl solutions. The four graph lines (open symbols) the activity in ƚ top express percentage (mean ƚ SEM) of the corresponding control groups (N = 3–6) in purified water. C, Light micrograph of Echiniscus testudo. Scale bar = 100 µm. D, Activity in percentage (mean ƚ SEM) of Echiniscus testudo in experimental series (N = 3–6) with acute exposures to 93 0, 192 1, 281 0 and 463 1 mOsm kg—1 NaCl solutions. The top four graph lines (open ƚ ƚ ƚ ƚ symbols) express the activity in percentage (mean ƚ SEM) of the corresponding control groups (N = 3–6) in purified water. In B and D t = 0 h represents the activity in purified water immediately prior to osmolyte exposure, whereas t = 24 h indicates the activity after exposure to a given test solution for 24 h. The tardigrades were subsequently transferred to purified water and their activity was assessed at t = 26 h, t = 48 h and t = 72 h.
Figure 2 in Radiation tolerance and bystander effects in the eutardigrade species Hypsibius dujardini (Parachaela: Hypsibiidae)
Figure 2. Radiation and radiation-induced bystander effects on the eutardigrade species Hypsibius dujardini. Survivorship curves following direct (RAD) and indirect (BYST) exposure to 3 and 5 kGy gamma radiation.
Figure 1 in Radiation tolerance and bystander effects in the eutardigrade species Hypsibius dujardini (Parachaela: Hypsibiidae)
Figure 1. Experimental set-up for testing radiation tolerance and bystander effects in the eutardigrade species Hypsibius dujardini: control (CON; 0 kGy), irradiated [received 3 kGy (RAD3) and 5 kGy (RAD5) gamma radiation] and bystander [exposed to an individual irradiated at the 3 kGy (BYST3) or 5 kGy (BYST5) level] groups.
Data on heat tolerance for D latus from: Does plasticity in thermal tolerance trade off with inherent tolerance? The influence of setal tracheal gills on thermal tolerance and its plasticity in a group of European diving beetles
<h3>Dataset on heat tolerance used in the study by Verberk et al., (2018).</h3><h3>Method description</h3><p>We assessed the impact of mode of respiration on heat tolerance under different oxygen conditions in one of the 15 species: <i>D. latus</i>, the most tolerant species in our comparison, using previously described methods (<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022191017302044#b0170">Verberk and Calosi, 2012</a>, <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022191017302044#b0185">Verberk and Bilton, 2015</a>). Briefly, individuals were placed in flow-through chambers, whose water supply could be heated. For one group of animals, we used chambers where the animals were completely submerged and had no access to air, while for a second group of animals chambers were used with a small head space holding a layer of air, meaning that these animals could obtain oxygen either from the air compartment by surfacing or from the water with oxygen diffusing directly into their tracheal system <i>via</i> the setae or oxygen diffusing into their subelytral air reservoir <i>via</i> their physical gill. Individuals were left to settle for 1 h at the equilibration temperature of 10 °C, after which the temperature was ramped up at 0.25 °C min−1. The CTmax was defined as the point at which animals lost coordinated swimming, hence losing their ability to escape from the conditions that will lead to their death (<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022191017302044#b0095">Lutterschmidt and Hutchison, 1997</a>). The heating rate, endpoint and starting temperature all therefore differed from the methodology described above, meaning that the critical thermal temperatures from both methods cannot be compared directly. CTmax was assessed under <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/normoxia">normoxia</a>, <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/hypoxemia">hypoxia</a> and <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/hyperoxia">hyperoxia</a> conditions (5, 20, 60 kPa O2 respectively) and adults were assessed with and without access to air. Oxygen tension of both the water and the air in the headspace was altered to produce hypoxia and hyperoxia, as described by <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022191017302044#b0185">Verberk and Bilton (2015)</a>.</p>
Data on heat tolerance from: Field and laboratory studies reveal interacting effects of stream oxygenation and warming on aquatic ectotherms
<p>Heat tolerance data on two widespread Eurasian mayflies, <i>Ephemera danica</i>, Müller 1764 and <i>Serratella ignita</i> (Poda 1761).</p><p>Methods thermal tolerance experiments</p><p>Mayfly nymphs for laboratory experiments were collected in spring (early May) from Torrington River, Devon, UK, ranging in fresh weight between 15 and 128 mg (<i>E. danica</i>) and between 2.0 and 11.6 mg (<i>S. ignita</i>). Nymphs were maintained in the laboratory at 10 ± 1 °C in a 12 L:12 D regime in aquaria containing artificial pond water, buffered and diluted to reflect the pH and conductivity of the field site. Before recording critical temperatures, all species were acclimated for at least 7 days to laboratory conditions.</p><p>To assess critical thermal maxima (<i>CT</i>max), we employed previously described methods (Verberk & Bilton, <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/gcb.13240#gcb13240-bib-0051">2011</a>; Verberk & Calosi, <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/gcb.13240#gcb13240-bib-0054">2012</a>). Individual nymphs (<i>n</i> = 18 for <i>E. danica</i> and <i>n</i> = 27 for <i>S. ignita</i>) were placed in flow-through chambers and water was supplied to these chambers from a header tank after having passed through a tubular counter-current heat exchanger. Water in the header tank was of the same composition as that used to maintain animals and was bubbled with a mixture of 20% oxygen and 80% nitrogen, obtained using a gas-mixing pump (Wösthoff, Bochum, Germany). Individuals were left resting for 1 h at the equilibration temperature of 10 °C, after which temperature in the experimental chambers was increased by 0.25 °C min−1, using a Grant R5 water bath with a GP200 pump unit (Grant Instrument Ltd, Cambridge, UK), connected to the heat exchanger. Temperatures were logged using a HH806AU digital thermometer (Omega Engineering Inc., Stamford, CT, USA). Different sized flow-through chambers were used for each species. <i>E. danica</i> was placed in larger chambers (70 × 70 × 30 mm) and provided with sand as burrowing substrate, which they readily used. <i>S. ignita</i> was placed in smaller cylindrical chambers (6 mm in diameter, 20 mm long) and their behaviour was observed under a magnifying glass. The amount of water passing through these flow-through chambers was matched to their size. For the larger chambers containing <i>E. danica</i>, water was supplied to five chambers (total volume of 0.735 l) at a flow rates of 0.031–0.033 l per second, resulting in a refresh rate of 22–24 s. For the smaller chambers with <i>S. ignita</i>, water was supplied to each chamber individually at 0.21–0.22 ml per second, resulting in a refresh rate of 10–11 s.</p><p><i>CT</i>max is defined as the point at which an animal loses its ability to escape from conditions that will lead to its death (Lutterschmidt & Hutchison, <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/gcb.13240#gcb13240-bib-0027">1997</a>). During progressive warming, nymphs of <i>E. danica</i> first emerged from their burrowed position and began swimming (at about 6 °C below <i>CT</i>max). Loss of equilibrium occurred next as nymphs fell upon their backs, which was followed by the onset of spasms. After that, gill movement was no longer coordinated and faltered and this endpoint could be most reliably determined and is here taken as <i>CT</i>max. Similarly<i>, S. ignita</i> stopped ventilation and movement at <i>CT</i>max. Below <i>CT</i>max, larvae were inactive, until near the end of the trials, when they began to crawl, lose equilibrium and gill beating became intermittent shortly before stopping altogether at <i>CT</i>max.</p><p><i>CT</i>max was assessed at hypoxic (5 kPa), normoxic (20 kPa) and hyperoxic (60 kPa) conditions. Different levels of oxygenation were achieved by changing the oxygen–nitrogen gas mixture obtained using the gas-mixing pump (Wösthoff). The gas mixture was adjusted 10 min after placing the animals in the small flow-through chambers, to allow for gradual exposure to hypoxic and hyperoxic conditions during the 1 h resting period. To prevent equilibration with the atmosphere, the header tank was sealed using an 18 mm thick expanded polystyrene sheeting and other openings were closed off with plastic material. During the 1 h resting period, oxygen levels in the outflow water from the chambers were measured approximately every 15 min, to verify that the oxygen levels had stabilized to hypoxic, normoxic and hyperoxic conditions at the onset of warming. Because some equilibration with the atmosphere could not be prevented, nominal output values from the gas mixer were slightly more extreme (3 kPa for hypoxia and 65 kPa for hyperoxia) in order to achieve the desired oxygen conditions in the test chambers.</p>
Demonstration of fault-tolerant Steane quantum error correction
<p>Source data underlying the graphical representations used in the figures and corresponding executed quantum circuits.</p>
Dataset from: Parapatric and sympatric adaptation of Setaria viridis populations in Japan to heterogeneous coastal habitats via trait divergence of plant form, salt spray tolerance and flowering time
<p>This study aimed to determine how coastal variants of<em> </em>plants arise from local populations under natural selection by studying variations in phenotypic variations and survival of <em>Setaria viridis</em> populations inhabiting mosaic environments of two seashores in Japan. <em>S.viridis</em> populations comprised five coastal variants showing significantly higher salt spray tolerance than the inland variant: ST, short and tolerant (common variant); TM, tall and mid-tolerant (Inland Sea); TT, tall and tolerant; PT, prostrate and tolerant; L, extremely late flowering; I, inland and susceptible variants. These variations imply that maritime plants first acquired salt spray tolerance for survival, after which compact plants evolved in habitats where strong winds caused damage from salt spray. Results indicate that diverse intensities of salt spray and winds as well as summer drought generated various coastal variations in parapatry and sympatry.</p>
Absolute radiation tolerance of amorphous alumina coatings at room temperature
<p>Set consists four folders named after the methods used to obtained the data i.e. Nanoindentation, XRD, TEM and SEM.</p> <p><strong>→ SEM </strong></p> <p>In SEM folder there are 2 original image files that make up Figure 2 in the paper. Based on the filenames, they are clearly identifiable.</p> <p><strong>→ TEM</strong></p> <p>In SEM folder there are 12 original image files that make up Figures from 7 to 12 in the paper. Based on the filenames, they are clearly identifiable.</p> <p><strong>→ XRD</strong></p> <p>In XRD folder there are three .txt files that makes up the Fig. 3 in the paper. In each of them there are two columns, where 1<sup>st</sup> is 2θ (°) and 2<sup>nd</sup> is Intensity (counts per second). Based on the filenames, they are clearly identifiable.</p> <p><strong>→ Nanoindentation</strong></p> <p>To each material state (dpa level) there are two .txt files assigned. First is named ‘[sample number] [dpa] HE [force] LD.txt’ and contains Load-displacement data. In such a file there are two columns, where 1<sup>st</sup> is displacement (nm) and 2<sup>nd</sup> is force (mN). Single curves are arranged one under another (separated with two empty rows). Second file is named ‘[sample number] [dpa] HE [force] AR.txt’ and contains aggregate data with the columns named. For virgin and 25 dpa samples there are additional files named ‘[sample number] [dpa] HE FQSM [coating thickness] AR.txt’ . These were used to made up Figures 3 and 4 in the paper.</p>
The effect of urbanization and temperature on thermal tolerance, foraging performance, and competition in cavity dwelling ants
<p>Human disturbance including rapid urbanization and increased temperatures can have profound effects on the ecology of local populations. Eusocial insects, such as ants, have adapted to stressors of increasing temperature and urbanization, however these evolutionary responses are not consistent among populations across geographic space. Here we asked how urbanization and incubation temperature influence critical thermal maximum (CT<sub>max</sub>) and various ecologically relevant behaviors in three ant species in urban and rural locations in Worcester, MA, USA. We did this by incubating colonies of three species of cavity dwelling ant (<em>Aphaenogaster picea, Tapinoma sessile, </em>and <em>Temnothorax longispinosus</em>) from 2 habitat types (Rural and Urban), for 60-days at multiple temperatures. We found that incubation temperature, urbanization and species of ant all significantly affected overall colony critical thermal maximum. We also found that recruitment time, colonization time and defense response were significantly affected by incubation temperature and varied between species of ant, while recruitment and colonization time were additionally affected by urbanization. These variable changes in performance and competitive traits across species suggest that responses to urbanization and shifting temperatures are not universal across species. Changes in behavioral responses caused by urbanization may disrupt biodiversity, creating unusual competitive environments as a consequence of natural adaptations and cause both direct and indirect mechanisms for which human disturbance can lead to local species extinction.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: The genomic basis of nitrogen utilization efficiency and trait plasticity to improve nutrient stress tolerance in cultivated sunflower
<p>Supplemental datafiles and raw genotype data for "The genomic basis of nitrogen utilization efficiency and trait plasticity to improve nutrient stress tolerance in cultivated sunflower" by Andries A. Temme, Kelly L. Kerr, Kristen M. Nolting, Emily L. Dittmar, Rishi R. Masalia, Alexander K. Bucksch, John M. Burke, Lisa A. Donovan. Journal of Experimental Botany 10.1093/jxb/erae025</p>
[Data set] Alloy [FA,Cs]PbI3 Perovskite Surfaces, Stability and Tolerance to Defect Formation
<p>This is the data repository related to the simulations of alloy [FA,Cs]PbI<sub>3</sub> Perovskite Surfaces.</p> <p>The surfaces here (Slabs.tgz) included are the relaxed structure of the slab models obtained by making cuts in the (001) direction in the special quasi-random structure (SQS) bulk models of FA<sub>1-x</sub>Cs<sub>x</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> with (x=0.25 and 0.5), and the supercell models of pure FAPbI<sub>3</sub> and CsPbI<sub>3</sub> perovskites.[1] Besides, we include the optimized structures of each neutral vacancy pair defects (Slabs-defects.tgz) of formamidinium iodide and/or cesium iodide created in the most stable alloy [FA,Cs]I-C-FA<sub>0.75</sub>Cs<sub>0.25</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> surface (see details in the paper). The ionic relaxations were performed with VASP code (version 6.2.1), using the PBE exchange-correlation functional, including Van der Waals corrections using the Grimme method with zero-damping function.</p> <p>Finally, the data set includes the simulated ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) trajectories of the most stable alloy and pure slabs, [FA,Cs]I-C-FA<sub>0.75</sub>Cs<sub>0.25</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> and FAI-PbI<sub>3</sub>), including neutral vacancy pair defects of formamidinium iodide on a surface (Slabs-defects-AIMD.tgz). The AIMD calculations were performed with the CP2K code (V7.1), evaluating the forces with the PBE functional with the Grimme correction scheme (DFT- D3, Zero–damped correction). The trajectory productions include up to 15 ps using the microcanonical ensemble with 0.5 fs of time-step, considering 5 ps of thermalization time. More details in the article support information. </p> <p> </p> <p>Reference:</p> <p>1. G. M. Dalpian, X. G. Zhao, L. Kazmerski, A. Zunger, <em>Chem. Mater.</em> <strong>31</strong>, 2497–2506 (2019).</p>
Single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, single andmultiple dose escalation study to assess safety and tolerability and pharmacokinetics of HRX215 in healthy male volunteers under food and fasting conditions
<p><a name="_Hlk123284665"></a><a name="_Hlk135557103"></a><span><span>Diminished hepatocyte regeneration is a key feature of acute and chronic liver diseases and after extended liver resections, resulting in the inability to maintain or restore a sufficient functional liver mass. </span></span><span><span>Therapies to restore hepatocyte regeneration are lacking, making liver transplantation the only curative option for end stage liver disease. We here report on the structure-based development and characterization (NMR-spectroscopy) of first-in-class small molecule inhibitors of the dual specific kinase MKK4 (MKK4i). MKK4i increased liver regeneration upon hepatectomy in murine and porcine models, allowed for survival of pigs in a lethal 85% hepatectomy model and showed antisteatotic and antifibrotic effects in liver disease mouse models. A first-in-human phase I trial (EudraCT 2021-000193-28) with the clinical candidate HRX215 was conducted and revealed excellent safety and pharmacokinetics. Clinical trials to probe HRX215 for prevention/treatment of liver failure after extensive oncological liver resections or after transplantation of small grafts are warranted.</span></span></p>
Figure 7 in Primary utricle structure of six Halimeda species and potential relevance for ocean acidification tolerance
Figure 7: Aragonite crystal microstructure of the six Halimeda species examined. Images (with white scale bars = 20 µm) show the locations of primary utricles (pU) and primary inter-utricle spaces (pIUS). Higher magnification images (with black scale bars = 2 µm) of the pU – pIUS boundary show species' diversity in widths of short (<5 µm) aragonite needles (large arrows) and abundance and locations of small (<1 µm) anhedral crystals (small arrows).
Figure 6 in Primary utricle structure of six Halimeda species and potential relevance for ocean acidification tolerance
Figure 6: Linear relationships between (A) average diffusion pathway length and surface diameter of primary utricles in one representative sample, (B) average diffusion pathway length and tissue mineral content (% CaCO3) in whole thalli (n = 10) and (C) average primary utricle diameter and tissue mineral content (% CaCO3) of six Halimeda species collected from Little Cayman Island. Standard deviations of the average values are reported in Table 2. Solid lines represent the linear regression best fit and dashed lines indicate the 95% confidence limit of the regression. Asterisks indicate that the regression coefficients are significant (p <0.05).
Figure 5 in Primary utricle structure of six Halimeda species and potential relevance for ocean acidification tolerance
Figure 5: Examples of transmission electron microscope images from which adhesion length between adjacent primary utricles (pU), defined as diffusion pathway length, were determined from six Halimeda species collected on reefs from Little Cayman Island. The diffusion pathway can be seen to physically isolate the primary inter-utricle space (pIUS) from external seawater (S). Scale bar = 10 µm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.