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FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF LITTING SIZE AND NUMBER OF TEATS IN PIGS: FROM GWAS TO POST-GWAS
<p>Reproductive traits, such as number of teats and litter size, are essential for animal breeding programs due to the importance for the production chain, since they influence the maternal ability of sow and can affect the number of weaned piglets. Our objective was to identify candidate genes associated with reproductive traits in pigs, using GWAS data from a systematic review combined with sequencing data, to build networks of biological processes and TFs (transcription factors) from the identified genes, in order to highlight the most candidate genes for litter size and number of teats. In the systematic review only peer-reviewed articles were used, with descriptors related to the evaluated traits, and selected based on eligibility criteria. Fourteen papers were selected and classified into groups for functional analysis of gene networks with 2,077 candidate genes identified. After combining with the list of genes presenting known structural variants in the 5'UTR and/or coding region, 306 genes remained to be used to build the networks of biological processes and TFs genes, highlighting processes associated with litter size (e.g., ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway and blastocyte growth) and number of teats (e.g., growth hormone receptor, regulation of the BMP - Bone Morphogenetic Proteins signaling pathway and blood vessel proliferation). Two most candidate genes for litter size trait (<em>GRID2 </em>and <em>PALB2</em>) and six most candidate genes for number of teats (<em>GHR, IFT80,</em> <em>FSTL3, SKOR1, SMURF1</em> and <em>AKT3</em>) were prioritized. TFs associated with candidate genes were also identified for litter size (<em>PALB2</em> and <em>GRID2</em>) and number of teats (<em>RIN, LTBP2</em> and <em>COL6A6</em>). Thus, it is suggested that the most candidate genes and TFs presented in this study may play an important role in the traits studied, being important for genetic studies and animal breeding.</p>
Optimal vaccination at high reproductive numbers: sharp transitions and counterintuitive allocations
Optimization of vaccine allocations among different segments of a heterogeneous population is important for enhancing the effectiveness of vaccination campaigns in reducing the burden of epidemics. Intuitively, it would seem that allocations designed to minimize infections should prioritize those with the highest risk of being infected and infecting others. This prescription is well supported by vaccination theory, e.g. when the vaccination campaign aims to reach herd immunity. In this work, we show, however, that for vaccines providing partial protection (leaky vaccines) and for sufficiently high values of the basic reproduction number, intuition is overturned: the optimal allocation minimizing the number of infections prioritizes the vaccination of those who are least likely to be infected. The work combines numerical investigations, asymptotic analysis for a general model, and complete mathematical analysis in a two-group model. The results point to important considerations in managing vaccination campaigns for infections with high transmissibility.
Text-fig. 4. Fagus dodgei sp. nov., a, b, d–h: UF 279-34468; c: UF 279-30165. a: Wood diffuse-porous to semi-ring-porous with distinct latewood zone with narrower vessels; vessels solitary and in short multiples; diffuse, diffuse-in-aggregates axial parenchyma visible in latewood, TS. b: Growth ring boundary, TS. c: Opposite intervessel pitting, TLS. d: Scalariform perforation plate with fewer than 10 bars, RLS. e: Simple perforation plates (PP), RLS. f: Vessel-ray parenchyma pitting with reduced borders and frequently oval in outline, RLS. g: Rays 1–4(–5)-seriate with variable numbers of marginal rows, TLS. h: Rays of two distinct sizes, widest rays>10-seriate, TLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, h; 100 µm in b, e, g; 50 µm in d, f. in A Diverse Assemblage Of Late Eocene Woods From Oregon, Western Usa
Text-fig. 4. Fagus dodgei sp. nov., a, b, d–h: UF 279-34468; c: UF 279-30165. a: Wood diffuse-porous to semi-ring-porous with distinct latewood zone with narrower vessels; vessels solitary and in short multiples; diffuse, diffuse-in-aggregates axial parenchyma visible in latewood, TS. b: Growth ring boundary, TS. c: Opposite intervessel pitting, TLS. d: Scalariform perforation plate with fewer than 10 bars, RLS. e: Simple perforation plates (PP), RLS. f: Vessel-ray parenchyma pitting with reduced borders and frequently oval in outline, RLS. g: Rays 1–4(–5)-seriate with variable numbers of marginal rows, TLS. h: Rays of two distinct sizes, widest rays>10-seriate, TLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, h; 100 µm in b, e, g; 50 µm in d, f.
Text-fig. 11. Permian ichthyofaunas from the French Massif Central. Preliminary comparisons based on total accounts of individuals (see text for explanations). Sharks in green, Acanthodes sp. in yellow, Actinopterygians in blue, Dipnoi in white (not visible but present at Autun; see Tab. 1 for details). Each circle is proportional to the total number of specimens recovered. Permian outcrops in black. Hercynian basement indicated by vertical lines. Map modified from Gand and Durand (2006). in New Actinopterygians From The Permian Of The Brive Basin, And The Ichthyofaunas Of The French Massif Central
Text-fig. 11. Permian ichthyofaunas from the French Massif Central. Preliminary comparisons based on total accounts of individuals (see text for explanations). Sharks in green, Acanthodes sp. in yellow, Actinopterygians in blue, Dipnoi in white (not visible but present at Autun; see Tab. 1 for details). Each circle is proportional to the total number of specimens recovered. Permian outcrops in black. Hercynian basement indicated by vertical lines. Map modified from Gand and Durand (2006).
Breaking the constraint on the number of cervical vertebrae in mammals: on homeotic transformations in lorises and pottos
<p><strong>Data-collection</strong></p> <p><em>Specimens</em>. We analysed 1090 skeletons of wild-born primates belonging to 60 species of ten families (Table 1). These skeletons are held in collections of ten European and American natural history museums (Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden (Naturalis); The Natural History Museum, London (NHMUK); the Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren (RMCA); the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels (RBINS); the Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen (ZMUC); Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna (NHMW); the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (NRM); Museum fur Naturkunde, Berlin (MfN); and the National Museum for Natural History, Paris (MNHN), Natural History Museum Oslo, American Museum of Natural History, New York, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago (FMNH). Five families belonged to the Strepsirrhini (Lorisidae, Galagidae, Daubentoniidae, Lemuridae, Indriidae) and five to the Haplorrhini, of which two Platyrrhini (Cebidae, Atelidae) and three Catarrhini (Cercopithecidae, Hylobatidae, Hominidae).</p> <p><strong>Cervical vertebrae and transitional cervicothoracic vertebrae</strong>. We determined the number of cervical vertebrae and transitional cervicothoracic vertebrae (vertebrae with both cervical and thoracic characteristics, i.e. a seventh vertebrae with a rudimentary rib or one full rib instead of two, or an eighth vertebrae with rudimentary ribs or without ribs on one side). The identification of transitional cervicothoracic vertebrae was based on the presence of cervical or rudimentary first ribs. In the case of a fusion of rudimentary cervical ribs with the transverse process (apophysomegaly), the vertebra was counted as a transitional cervicothoracic vertebra when the transverse process was at least 15% longer than that of the first thoracic vertebra, or when traces of the articulation were still visible.</p> <p><strong>Explanatory variables. </strong>Per specimen where we determined the vertebral pattern, we recorded the species, life style ("fast" vs. "slow"), individual age class and sex and whether the animal was kept in a zoo later in life or not. This last indicator variable can accommodate effects of relaxed selection in captive environments on the probability of finding an abnormal pattern.</p> <p><strong>Phylogeny. </strong>We used the consensus phylogeny of primates provided by the 10k Trees Project (Arnold & Nunn, 2010) to represent our data per species graphically and to calculate correlations between species effects</p> <p><strong>Statistical analysis. </strong>The R script with our analysis is added.</p> <p> </p>
Research Management Systems: Systematic Mapping of Literature (2007-2017) - Number of articles included during the search and qualitative evaluation process of the study
<p>This image is uploaded as an integrated part of systematic mapping of literature "Research Management Systems: Systematic Mapping of Literature (2007-2017)". This image will be cited across all future publications related to this project as Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International image.</p>
Table 1: The Number of Words and Lessons in Book Three
<p>Three hundred and thirty three lexical items included in the English textbook, namely,<br> Birjandy, P. & Norouzi, M. & Mahmoody, G. (2004). English Book Three, which is routinely<br> assigned by the Ministry of Education for EFL teaching in Iranian public high schools in Grade<br> three were taught to the participants in the present study. The book typically includes sections of<br> reading comprehension, grammar, pronunciation practice, dialogues, and a list of new words (with<br> no explanation of meaning or synonyms) in the ending part of each lesson. These wordlists (See<br> Appendix 1) were used for vocabulary instruction and subsequent vocabulary testing in the study.<br> To save space, the number of the new words in each lesson is presented in Table 1</p>
Figure 3: Number of branches for each generation, in the asymmetric (TOP) and symmetric (BOTTOM) generation. Notice that the Y-axis is logarithmic.-THE RESPIRATORY IMPEDANCE IN AN ASYMMETRIC MODEL OF THE LUNG STRUCTURE
<p>Figure 3 shows the number of branches that are in one generation, for the symmetric and asymmetric<br> lung structure. Notice the diferent slope which characterizes the space-filling distribution.</p>
Figure 3: Number of branches for each generation, in the asymmetric (TOP) and symmetric (BOTTOM) generation. Notice that the Y-axis is logarithmic.
<p>Figure 3 shows the num-<br> ber of branches that are in one generation, for the symmetric and asymmetric<br> lung structure. Notice the di®erent slope which characterizes the space-¯lling<br> distribution.</p>
BRAIN Journal-Evolving Spiking Neural Networks for Control of Artificial Creatures-Figure 14. Number of artificial creatures that could survive in the external environment
<p>Artificial creatures and the virtual environment are designed and implemented in a C++ platform in which simulations are performed. In the GA algorithm, at First step a population of 100 complex artificial creatures that each of them had 150 neurons were tested and evaluated by GA; each neuron connected to 15 post-synaptic neurons with different axonal conduction delays between every two neurons. In every generation fitness function has been calculated for all population. The initial energy level for each creature is considered as 50. Figure 14 the number of survived chromosome increases with<br> generation progressing.</p>
Data from: Crows 'count' the number of self-generated vocalizations
<p>Producing a specific number of vocalizations with purpose requires a sophisticated combination of numerical abilities and vocal control. Whether any animal possesses such a capacity to voluntarily control the number of self-generated vocalizations is yet unknown. We demonstrate that crows can flexibly produce a variable number of one to four vocalizations in response to arbitrary cues associated with numerical values. The acoustic features of the first vocalization of a sequence were predictive of the total number of vocalizations, indicating a planning process. Moreover, the acoustic features of vocal units were foretelling of their order in the sequence and could be used to read-out counting errors during vocal production. Together, the crows' vocal enumeration capability could be an evolutionary precursor to symbolic counting found uniquely in humans.</p>
FIGURE 1 in Chromosome Numbers of Some Cultivated Acanthaceae with Notes on Chromosomal Evolution in the Family
FIGURE 1 (upper right). Chromosomes of Acanthaceae in pollen mother cells. A. Dyschoriste thunbergiiflora, metaphase II (only half of cell shown), n = 15. B. Brillantaisia owariensis, telophase I, n = 16 (with one lagging chromosome toward "upper" pole). C. Brillantaisia owariensis, metaphase I, n = 16. D. Ruellia elegans, diakenesis (showing nucleolus, n), n = 17. E. Crossandra infundibuliformis, metaphase I, n = 19. F. Ruellia dipteracanthus, metaphase I, n = 17. G. Justicia scheidweileri, metaphase I, n = 14. Chromosomes shown in outline only are touching or overlapping other chromosomes. Scale applies to all figures. See Table 1 for voucher information.
Рис. 9. РаспреΑеΛение гнезΑ ΑаΛьневосточного аиста в прироΑном парке «Шереметьевский» в 2018 г. Fig. 9. Distribution of nests of the Oriental White Stork in the Sheremetyevsky Nature Park in 2018 in The number and distribution of the Oriental White Stork Ciconia boyciana Swinhoe, 1873 in the Khabarovskiy Region
Рис. 9. РаспреΑеΛение гнезΑ ΑаΛьневосточного аиста в прироΑном парке «Шереметьевский» в 2018 г. Fig. 9. Distribution of nests of the Oriental White Stork in the Sheremetyevsky Nature Park in 2018
Рис. 7. РаспреΑеΛение гнезΑ ΑаΛьневосточного аиста в заказнике «Аистиный» и его бΛижайших окрестностях по состоянию на 2018 г. Fig. 7. Distribution of nests of the Oriental White Stork in the Aistiny Reserve and its immediate vicinity as of 2018 in The number and distribution of the Oriental White Stork Ciconia boyciana Swinhoe, 1873 in the Khabarovskiy Region
Рис. 7. РаспреΑеΛение гнезΑ ΑаΛьневосточного аиста в заказнике «Аистиный» и его бΛижайших окрестностях по состоянию на 2018 г. Fig. 7. Distribution of nests of the Oriental White Stork in the Aistiny Reserve and its immediate vicinity as of 2018
Рис. 1. РаспреΑеΛение кΛючевых мест гнезΑования ΑаΛьневосточного аиста в Хабаровском крае в 1999–2000 гг. (по: Δарман и Αр. 2000b; Сурмач, Шибаев 2000) Fig. 1. Distribution of key nesting sites of the Oriental White Stork in the Khabarovsk Territory in 1999–2000 (based on: Darmanet al. 2000b; Surmach, Shibaev 2000) in The number and distribution of the Oriental White Stork Ciconia boyciana Swinhoe, 1873 in the Khabarovskiy Region
Рис. 1. РаспреΑеΛение кΛючевых мест гнезΑования ΑаΛьневосточного аиста в Хабаровском крае в 1999–2000 гг. (по: Δарман и Αр. 2000b; Сурмач, Шибаев 2000) Fig. 1. Distribution of key nesting sites of the Oriental White Stork in the Khabarovsk Territory in 1999–2000 (based on: Darmanet al. 2000b; Surmach, Shibaev 2000)
Рис. 9. Связь межΔу чисΛенностью и проΔуктивностью самок Heterodera glycines Fig. 9. Relationship between the number and productivity of Heterodera glycines females in Reproductive potential of Soybean Cyst Nematode Heterodera glycines - quarantine pest of soybean - in Primorsky Region conditions
Рис. 9. Связь межΔу чисΛенностью и проΔуктивностью самок Heterodera glycines Fig. 9. Relationship between the number and productivity of Heterodera glycines females
Рис. 4. РаспреΑеΛение гнезΑ ΑаΛьневосточного аиста на воΑно-боΛотных угоΑьях оз. БоΛонь в 2018 г. Fig. 4. Distribution of nests of the Oriental White Stork in the wetlands of Lake Bolon in 2018 in The number and distribution of the Oriental White Stork Ciconia boyciana Swinhoe, 1873 in the Khabarovskiy Region
Рис. 4. РаспреΑеΛение гнезΑ ΑаΛьневосточного аиста на воΑно-боΛотных угоΑьях оз. БоΛонь в 2018 г. Fig. 4. Distribution of nests of the Oriental White Stork in the wetlands of Lake Bolon in 2018
Рис. 5. РаспреΑеΛение гнезΑ ΑаΛьневосточного аиста на о. БоΛьшой Уссурийский в 2018 г. Fig. 5. Distribution of nests of the Oriental White Stork on the Bolshoi Ussuriisky island in 2018 in The number and distribution of the Oriental White Stork Ciconia boyciana Swinhoe, 1873 in the Khabarovskiy Region
Рис. 5. РаспреΑеΛение гнезΑ ΑаΛьневосточного аиста на о. БоΛьшой Уссурийский в 2018 г. Fig. 5. Distribution of nests of the Oriental White Stork on the Bolshoi Ussuriisky island in 2018
Рис. 11. Выброшенный из гнезΑа птенец ΑаΛьневосточного аиста в заказнике «Муравьевский» в Амурской обΛасти, май 2010 г. Фото М. Н. Кочерга Fig. 11. A Oriental White Stork chick thrown out of the nest in the Muravyevsky Nature Reserve in the Amur Region, May 2010. Photo by M. N. Kocherga in The number and distribution of the Oriental White Stork Ciconia boyciana Swinhoe, 1873 in the Khabarovskiy Region
Рис. 11. Выброшенный из гнезΑа птенец ΑаΛьневосточного аиста в заказнике «Муравьевский» в Амурской обΛасти, май 2010 г. Фото М. Н. Кочерга Fig. 11. A Oriental White Stork chick thrown out of the nest in the Muravyevsky Nature Reserve in the Amur Region, May 2010. Photo by M. N. Kocherga
Рис. 4. Сезонная Δинамика размеров цист Heterodera glycines и чисΛа яиц в них. Размер цист в баΛΛах: 1 — меΛкие, 2 — среΔние, 3 — крупные Fig. 4. Seasonal dynamics of the size of Heterodera glycines cysts and the number of eggs in them. The size of cysts in classes: 1 — small, 2 — medium, 3 — large in Reproductive potential of Soybean Cyst Nematode Heterodera glycines - quarantine pest of soybean - in Primorsky Region conditions
Рис. 4. Сезонная Δинамика размеров цист Heterodera glycines и чисΛа яиц в них. Размер цист в баΛΛах: 1 — меΛкие, 2 — среΔние, 3 — крупные Fig. 4. Seasonal dynamics of the size of Heterodera glycines cysts and the number of eggs in them. The size of cysts in classes: 1 — small, 2 — medium, 3 — large
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.