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opencc-by-4.0Sep 2019View details →

The planktonic stages of the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) are tolerant of end-of-century pCO2 concentrations

Filename: <a href="https://datadryad.org/handle/10255/dryad.229362">WaterConditions</a> Routine measurements of water conditions including nutrient levels, alkalinity, water temperature and carbon chemistry as calculated from pH spectroscopy measurements and CO2SYS. Filename: <a href="https://datadryad.org/handle/10255/dryad.229363">Respiration data.xlsx </a> Oxygen Consumption rates of salmon lice according to age, stage, and pCO2 treatment. Filename: <a href="https://datadryad.org/handle/10255/dryad.229364">Lipid data.xlsx</a> Lipid volume of salmon lice measured with fluorescence microscopy. Filename: <a href="https://datadryad.org/handle/10255/dryad.229365">JC10 data.xlsx </a> Metabolic activity observed by measuring mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Membrane polarization in mitochondria is an indication of active cells. Polarized mitochondria were represented by red JC-10 aggregate (λ exc/λ em = 488/590 nm) while the green JC-10 monomer (λ exc/λ em = 488/525 nm) labeled the presence of mitochondrial membrane. Filename: <a href="https://datadryad.org/handle/10255/dryad.229368">Fatty Acid.xlsx</a> Fatty acid profiles of salmon lice according to stage and pCO2 treatment. Data is presented as mass (ng) of the identified fatty acid per individual animal. Columns are separated by the identified fatty acid, '?' indicate ambiguity in the location of the double bond. Filename: <a href="https://datadryad.org/handle/10255/dryad.229369">CHN data.xlsx</a> Carbon and nitrogen content of individual salmon lice eggs, nauplii, and copepodids.

Fig. 4 in Independent acquisition of sulfide tolerance in a population of tubificine worms: a habitat extension for the Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri complex

Fig. 4 Maximum likelihood gene trees based on BSP1 and available mitochondrial COI, 12S, and nuclear ITS Limnodrilus sequences (see Fig. 5 left, 16 SrRNA). L. hoffmeisteri taxa are labeled and colored according to the clades numbered I–X described earlier. Abbreviations on taxon labels are: Lsu (L. sulphurensis), Lu (L. udekemianus), Lg (L. grandisetosus), Lr (L. rubripenis), Lc-c (L. claparedianus-cervix), Lc' (L. claparedianus isolate), Lm (L. maumeesis), Lp (L. profundicola), Ls

Fig. 1 A in Independent acquisition of sulfide tolerance in a population of tubificine worms: a habitat extension for the Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri complex

Fig. 1 A The layout of the springs and their effluents. Spring numbering (red circles) is based on Fuller (1905). Springs 1, 2, 3, and 6 produce sulfidic water. The larger stream to the northeast (broad, dark blue line) is non-sulfidic as is the effluent from spring 4. Remnants of the old rock wall are shown as a dotted brown line. This map represents the position of the streams in mid-summer, 2022. The dark blue dashed line shows the position of a now dry alternate route of the stream in the summer of 2017. "Lh" indicates where populations of the Blount Springs L. hoffmeisteri were abundant in late summer. Arrows indicated the direction of water flow. The locations of worm colonies of specimens used for morphological and molecular analysis are indicated by green circles. Specimens 213, 215, and 216 were from C21; specimens 273, 274, and 276 were from C27; specimens 362, 364, 365, and 366 were from C36; specimens 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, and 376 were from C37; specimen BSP1 was from C1, while all others used for morphology were from C1 or just downstream of that colony. B Dark substrate material in the gut just below the dorsal blood vessel in a live worm. C A cluster of tubificine worms found at Blount Springs with their heads buried in the black, fluffy substrate

Fig. 5 in Independent acquisition of sulfide tolerance in a population of tubificine worms: a habitat extension for the Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri complex

Fig. 5 Left: Maximum likelihood gene tree estimated from the taxonomically rich 16S rDNA sequence alignment of L. hoffmeisteri and related species. Of seven gene trees used infer the evolution relationship of the Blount Springs specimen, only this gene contained enough phylogenetically informative signal to resolve deep nodes of the tree. Resolution of these nodes shows that the 10-species complex of L. hoffmeisteri may not be monophyletic. This is consistent with the

Fig. 3 in Independent acquisition of sulfide tolerance in a population of tubificine worms: a habitat extension for the Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri complex

Fig. 3 Drawings of chaetae and reproductive structures, from a mature Blount Springs L. hoffmeisteri. A Ventral chaetal bundle, segment IV. B Penis sheath. C Male reproductive organs, showing (from

FIG. 3 in Sex-Dependent Cold Tolerance at the Northern Invasive Range Limit of Gambusia affinis on Cape Cod, Massachusetts

FIG. 3. Lower (left) and upper (right) reported thermal tolerances for Gambusia affinis and Gambusia holbrooki. Each point and line represent the mean and range, respectively, for a particular population, with lethal and non-lethal assays distinguished. Significant variation in reported values for a given population is typically due to varied acclimation temperatures and separate testing on males and females. Gray lines show extrapolated 50% lower thermal tolerance predictions and standard errors for average males and females from our study. Letters indicate sexes included, and numbers refer to studies in Table S1 (see Data Accessibility).

FIG. 2 in Sex-Dependent Cold Tolerance at the Northern Invasive Range Limit of Gambusia affinis on Cape Cod, Massachusetts

FIG. 2. Estimated lower temperature of 50% loss of response to stimulus (LRT50) and 50% mortality (LT50) for male and female Gambusia affinis of various sizes from the Quashnet River, Massachusetts, USA. Thinner, lighter lines represent 6 one standard error. Note that estimates below 1.58C are extrapolations beyond the range of our data.

FIG. 1 in Sex-Dependent Cold Tolerance at the Northern Invasive Range Limit of Gambusia affinis on Cape Cod, Massachusetts

FIG. 1. Proportion of mosquitofish that responded to a stimulus and maintained orientation while experiencing progressively decreasing temperature. Points show average proportions for all females and males. Lines show model predictions: dark lines for fish of average mass; thin, light lines for fish at the 5% lower range of fish mass; and thick, light lines for fish at the 95% range of fish mass (calculated separately for each sex). Dashed lines show model extrapolation between 1.5 and 08C.

FIG. 4 in Sex-Dependent Cold Tolerance at the Northern Invasive Range Limit of Gambusia affinis on Cape Cod, Massachusetts

FIG. 4. Daily temperature ranges for Quashnet River surface water from three thermistors over four years. Data from Briggs et al. (2018). Lines and bars show mean 6 standard error 50% lower thermal response (LRT50) and lower thermal tolerance (LT50) predictions for average males and females from our study.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2024View details →

Seasonal and between-population variation in heat tolerance and cooling efficiency in a Mediterranean songbird

Data collection This database contains physiological data on thermoregulation in response to heat -- heat tolerance limit (HTL), body temperature (Tb), resting metabolic rate (RMR), evaporative water loss (EWL) and evaporative cooling efficiency (EHL/MHP) -- collected during winter and summer in two populations on Great tits Parus major submitted to different thermal environments (one from a montane, more thermally stable site; and the other from a lowland, warmer and more thermally heterogeneous site) in southwestern Iberia. Physiological data were collected by using open flow through respirometry (see Material and Methods for detailed protocols).  Statistical analyses  We evaluated seasonal and between population differences to asses the degree of phenotypical flexibility in those physiological thermoregulatory traits both above and below thermoneutrlaity. See detailed analyses below:  We conducted all statistical analyses in R 4.1.2 (R Core Team, 2021). We used the segmented package (Muggeo, 2009) to determine inflection points in Tb, RMR, EWL, and EHL/MHP for each site and season. Then, the data were split based on inflection points for subsequent analyses below and above thermoneutrality (as in Whitfield et al., 2015). Linear and linear mixed-effects models were fitted to the data by using the lme4 package (Bates et al., 2015). We used the emmeans package (Lenth, 2022) to perform post-hoc pairwise contrasts between groups, and visually checked model assumptions in model residuals. First, to assess seasonal and between-population variation in heat tolerance, we fitted a linear model with HTL (please see Heat Tolerance Limits sheet on dataset) as response variable and body mass, site, season, and the site×season interaction as predictors. Then, we fitted linear models to each thermoregulatory trait (namely Tb, RMR, EWL and EHL/MHP; please see Physiological Data sheet on dataset), using a single Tair stage per individual within (Tair ~ 30 ºC) and above thermoneutral zone (Tair ~ 37 ºC) of Great tits (as inflection points of all variables were below this last Tair stage), including body mass, site, season, and the site×season interaction as predictor variables. Second, for summer measurements, we fitted linear mixed-effects models to evaluate population variation in the slopes of Tb, RMR, EWL and EHL/MHP against Tair above thermoneutrality, as we could obtain several measurements per individual above inflection points for each trait during this season. Initial models included Tair, body mass, site, and the Tair×site interaction as predictor variables, with ring as a random effect. When site emerged as a significant predictor, we additionally fitted separate population-specific models to calculate the slopes and y-intercepts of each thermoregulatory trait in response to Tair.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2024View details →

Data for "Fault-tolerant quantum architectures based on erasure qubits"

Example Stim circuits used to simulate Floquet codes implemented with erasure qubits. Each circuit is the converted stabilizer circuit for a given pattern of erasure check detection events. To view the circuit diagram, please download the file and change the extension to html.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2024View details →

Measurement-free, scalable and fault-tolerant universal quantum computing

The repository is supporting the publication "Measurement-free, scalable and fault-tolerant universal quantum computing".  It includes the data shown in the manuscript as well as the simulation code and circuits that were used to obtain this data.

Fig. 8 in Improvement of Pisum sativum salt stress tolerance by bio-priming their seeds using Typha angustifolia leaves aqueous extract

Fig. 8. Chlorophyll (A) and carotenoid (B) contents (mg/g FW) in pea shoots developed from not primed (NP) and primed (P) seeds at 0 and 120 mM NaCl.The bars on each column show standard error. Value = average ± S.E., n = 4. Different letters on columns indicate significant differences among treatments at p <0.05.

Fig. 10 in Improvement of Pisum sativum salt stress tolerance by bio-priming their seeds using Typha angustifolia leaves aqueous extract

Fig. 10. Total flavonoid content (mg QE/g FW) in roots and shoots of seedlings developed from not primed (NP) and primed (P) pea seeds at 0 and 120 mM NaCl. The bars on each column show standard error. Value = average ± S.E., n = 4. Different letters on columns indicate significant differences among treatments at p <0.05.

Fig. 11 in Improvement of Pisum sativum salt stress tolerance by bio-priming their seeds using Typha angustifolia leaves aqueous extract

Fig. 11. Total precipitable alkaloids content (mg PAHE/g FW) in roots and shoots of seedlings developed from not primed (NP) and primed (P) pea seeds at 0 and 120 mM NaCl. The bars on each column show standard error. Value = average ± S.E., n = 4. Different letters on columns indicate significant differences among treatments at p <0.05.

Fig. 7 in Improvement of Pisum sativum salt stress tolerance by bio-priming their seeds using Typha angustifolia leaves aqueous extract

Fig. 7. Sodium (a), potassium (b), and phosphor (c) content (in %) in (A) pea germinated not primed (NP) and primed (P) seeds and (B) in shoots developed from P and NP seeds, in the presence of NaCl at different concentrations. The bars on each column show standard error. Value = average ± S.E., n = 4. Different letters on columns indicate significant differences among treatments at p <0.05.

Fig. 5 in Improvement of Pisum sativum salt stress tolerance by bio-priming their seeds using Typha angustifolia leaves aqueous extract

Fig. 5. Proline content (μmol/g DW) in (A) pea germinated not primed (NP) and primed (P) seeds and (B) in roots and shoots of seedlings developed from P and NP seeds,in the presence of NaCl at different concentrations. The bars on each column show standard error. Value = average ± S.E., n = 4. Different letters on columns indicate significant differences among treatments at p <0.05.

Fig. 6 in Improvement of Pisum sativum salt stress tolerance by bio-priming their seeds using Typha angustifolia leaves aqueous extract

Fig. 6. Total soluble sugars content (mg/g FW) in (A) pea germinated not primed (NP) and primed (P) seeds and (B) in roots and shoots of seedlings developed from P and NP seeds, in the presence of NaCl at different concentrations. The bars on each column show standard error. Value = average ± S.E., n = 4. Different letters on columns indicate significant differences among treatments at p <0.05.

Fig. 3 in Improvement of Pisum sativum salt stress tolerance by bio-priming their seeds using Typha angustifolia leaves aqueous extract

Fig. 3. Content of malondialdehyde (MDA) (U/g FW) in (A) pea germinated not primed (NP) and primed (P) seeds and (B) in roots and shoots of seedlings developed from P and NP seeds, in the presence of NaCl at different concentrations. The bars on each column show standard error. Value = average ± S.E., n = 4. Different letters on columns indicate significant differences among treatments at p <0.05.

Fig. 2 in Improvement of Pisum sativum salt stress tolerance by bio-priming their seeds using Typha angustifolia leaves aqueous extract

Fig. 2. Electrolyte leakage (%) of (A) pea germinated not primed (NP) and primed (P) seeds and (B) and pea roots and shoots of seedlings developed from P and NP seeds in the presence of NaCl at different concentrations, after an immersion of 24 and 48 h in distilled water. The bars on each column show standard error. Value = average ± S.E., n = 4. Different letters on columns indicate significant differences among treatments at p <0.05.