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Supplementary material 4 from: Corbin LA-J, Awde DN, Richards MH (2021) Phenological and social characterization of three Lasioglossum (Dialictus) species inferred from long-term trapping collections. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 88: 17-38. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.88.73220
Figure S4. Head width comparisons among weeks suggest a mix of social traits in L. hitchensi summer females
Crowding after sudden habitat loss affects demography and social structure in a bat population
<p>1. The sudden loss of habitats due to natural or anthropogenic disturbances causes displacement of mobile animals from affected areas to refuge habitats, where large but often transitory concentrations of individuals may occur. While these local density increases have been previously described, the hypothesis that crowding disrupts demographic processes remains largely untested.</p> <p>2. Here we used the sudden flooding of a river valley by a hydroelectric reservoir as a quasi-experiment to investigate the consequences of crowding on demography, fecundity, and social structure in the European free-tailed bat (<i>Tadarida teniotis</i>).</p> <p>3. We monitored bat populations at roosts near and far from the flooded area, before (2013-2014), during (2015) and after (2016) habitat flooding. We assessed population demographic parameters using Capture-Mark-Recapture (CMR) models (3821 PIT-tagged individuals), and used genetic relatedness among individuals (1407 individuals genotyped for 14 microsatellite markers) to infer changes in social structure.</p> <p>4. Habitat loss through flooding was associated with significant but transitory increases in the number of bats using nearby roosts. This may be related to the higher probability of individuals arriving at those roosts during flooding, together with increases in individual local residency through time, particularly among males. Individual apparent survival was highest during flooding and lowest in the following year, while the probability of leaving a roost safe from flooding was higher near the impact area than farther away. Crowding did not negatively affect fecundity, but the arrival of new individuals led to changes in social structure as revealed by lower genetic relatedness between individuals after disturbance at roosts near the flooding area, but not in those farther afield.</p> <p>5. Our study documents a clear example of crowding effects, suggesting that bats losing roosts due to a hydroelectric reservoir moved to alternative roosts, where local increases in population size and the arrival of new individuals reduced genetic relatedness and apparent survival, but not fecundity. These results support the hypothesis that crowding after habitat loss can disrupt population processes, even though effects may be subtle and short-lived. Also, they point out the need to duly consider crowding effects when assessing and mitigating anthropogenic impacts on animal populations.</p>
CHILDREN OF RUSSIA: HISTORICAL-SOCIAL ANALYSIS
<p>The article examines the situation of young families, as well as social policy regarding children, motherhood and childhood in modern Russia. Particular attention is paid to the policy of the state as a strategic national idea and to the tasks that the Russian state is implementing to improve the situation of children and childhood. It is shown that the family, family values form the basis for the education of future citizens of the country. For the normal development of the family, it is necessary to create favorable socio-economic conditions, where the spiritual and moral education of children will become a key factor.</p>
Organización social y comportamiento diurno de Mimon cozumelae en Yucatán, México.
<p>Copulation of Mimon cozumelae in the wild in Yucatan, Mexico.</p>
Datasets accompanying the book Bulgarians' fight against inflation A case study in economics' (poor) understanding of post-socialism (2022) by Fabio Ashtar Telarico
<p>The datasets in this repository provide all the data used in the charts contained in the book <em>Bulgarians’ fight against inflation A case study in economics’ (poor) understanding of post-socialism</em> (2022) by Fabio Ashtar Telarico published by Lambert Academic Publishing, Chisnau.</p>
Source data for "In-degree centrality in a social network is linked to coordinated neural activity"
<p>The following includes the source data for the manuscript titled "In-degree centrality in a social network is linked to coordinated neural activity". A second version of the source data ("Source Data_updated_011222.xlsx") includes the source data for the figures in the supplementary materials.</p>
Neural Arbitration between Social and Individual Learning Systems
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Decision making requires integrating self-gathered information with advice from others. However, the arbitration process by which one source of information is selected over the other has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we formalised arbitration as the relative precision of predictions, afforded by each learning system, using hierarchical Bayesian modelling. In a probabilistic learning task, participants predicted the outcome of a lottery using recommendations from a more informed advisor and/or self-sampled outcomes. Decision confidence, as measured by the number of points participants wagered on their predictions, varied with our relative precision definition of arbitration. Functional neuroimaging demonstrated arbitration signals that were independent of decision confidence and involved modality-specific brain regions. Arbitrating in favour of self-gathered information activated the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the midbrain, whereas arbitrating in favour of social information engaged the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the amygdala. These findings indicate that relative precision captures arbitration between social and individual learning systems at both behavioural and neural levels.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: The genetic basis of variation in sexual aggression: evolution versus social plasticity
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Male sexual aggression towards females is a form of sexual conflict that can result in increased fitness for males through forced copulations or coercive matings at the cost of female lifetime fitness. We used male fruit flies (<em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>) as a model system to uncover the genomic contributions to variation in forced copulation, both due to standing variation in a wild population, and due to plastic changes associated with variation in social experience. We used RNAseq to analyze whole-transcriptome differential expression in male head tissue associated with evolved changes in forced copulation from lineages previously selected for high and low forced copulation rate </span><span><span>(Dukas et al., 2020)</span></span><span>, and in male flies with varying forced copulation rates due to social experience. We identified hundreds of genes associated with evolved and plastic variation in forced copulation, however only a small proportion (27 genes) showed consistent differential expression due to both modes of variation. We confirmed this trend of low concordance in gene expression effects across broader sets of genes significant in either the evolved or plastic analyses using multivariate approaches. The gene ontology terms neuropeptide hormone activity and serotonin receptor activity were significantly enriched in the set of significant genes. Of 7 genes chosen for RNAi knockdown validation tests, knockdowns of 4 genes showed the expected effect on forced copulation behaviours. Taken together, our results provide important information about the apparently independent genetic architectures that underlie natural variation in sexual aggression due to evolution and plasticity.</span></p>
Social Media data and sales for promotional product
<p>Social Media data and sales for promotional product from 2017-2019</p>
Figure 5 in Evidence for vocal diversity during physical interference at the perch in sympatric Carollia species (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae): a key to social organization and species coexistence?
Figure 5. Cluster analysis of class usage per dyad during physical interference at the perch, based on Euclidean distances. Each symbol represents a specific dyad. The x-axis represents the three clusters set by k-means clustering to which a given dyad was sorted; the y-axis represents the species to which a given dyad belonged, and the z-axis represents the relative distances of each dyad from the respective cluster centre. Dyad sex composition (passive bat is given second) is indicated by different symbols, with the sex of the passive bat indicated by different colours (in red–pink dyads, the passive bat is female; in blue–turquoise dyads it is male). Note that most dyads of a given species grouped in a specific cluster, whereas no clear pattern was found for dyad sex composition or sex of the passive bat.
Figure 4 in Evidence for vocal diversity during physical interference at the perch in sympatric Carollia species (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae): a key to social organization and species coexistence?
Figure 4. The frequency of occurrence of a class across interactions is represented by different colours for Carollia castanea (Cc), Carollia sowelli (Cs) and Carollia perspicillata (Cp). Of the 21 classes discriminated, 20 occurred in C. castanea, 12 in C. perspicillata and five in C. sowelli. The high vocal variability of C. castanea is highlighted by the presence of six rarely occurring classes specific for this species, summarized as other. Please note that class dms, selected for comparative analyses, occurred frequently across all species.
Figure 3 in Evidence for vocal diversity during physical interference at the perch in sympatric Carollia species (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae): a key to social organization and species coexistence?
Figure 3. Oscillograms (upper panels) and sonagrams (lower panels) representing down-sweeps (sensu Knörnschild et al., 2013) emitted by the three sympatric Carollia species present at Hitoy Cerere, Costa Rica. A, C, E, parts of a dms bout of Carollia castanea (A), a dms bout of Carollia sowelli (C) and a dms bout of Carollia perspicillata (E) are given. B, D, F, for comparison, two ds syllables of C. castanea (B), two of C. sowelli (D) and four of C. perspicillata (F) are shown. Note that syllable durations and time intervals between syllables are quasi-constant within dms bouts and more variable for sequences of ds syllables.
Figure 2 in Evidence for vocal diversity during physical interference at the perch in sympatric Carollia species (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae): a key to social organization and species coexistence?
Figure 2. Oscillograms (upper panels) showing the relative amplitude (rel. amp.) and sonagrams (lower panels) representing typical frequency–time contours of vocalization classes associated with the social interaction of Carollia bats landing on, grabbing or hanging on a perched conspecific: warbles (A), down-sweep-warble (B), U (C), sinus (D), convex downwardmodulated (E), a dms syllable followed by upward-modulated-sweep (F), other_6 (G), other_1 (H) followed by other_2 (I), U-warbles (J), shallow-U (K), other_3 (L) followed by flat-down-sweep (M), sinus-warble (N) and other_4 (O). A and B are examples from Carollia perspicillata; other examples are from Carollia castanea.
Figure 1 in Evidence for vocal diversity during physical interference at the perch in sympatric Carollia species (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae): a key to social organization and species coexistence?
Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree for species of the genus Carollia. Genus Rhinophylla served as an outgroup. The numbers above branches are posterior probability estimations. Note how the individuals of the study cluster together in the correct species. Carollia perspicillata are indicated in orange, Carollia sowelli in green and Carollia castanea in yellow.
Figure 6 in Evidence for vocal diversity during physical interference at the perch in sympatric Carollia species (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae): a key to social organization and species coexistence?
Figure 6. Species discrimination based on a discriminant function analysis of acoustic parameters of dms syllables. Median values for each dyad were used in the analysis. The two discriminant functions (DF1 and DF2) are given with the percentage of variance explained. Carollia castanea (Cc) is represented by circles, Carollia sowelli (Cs) by triangles and Carollia perspicillata (Cp) by squares. The corresponding centroids are shown with a bigger symbol. For each species, 95% confidence ellipses are also plotted.
Kinematic analysis of social interactions deconstructs the evolved loss of schooling behavior in cavefish
<p>Video tracking software (<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/cfb2f8f7-ecb0-4ef8-a16c-3f50e620549c/trilab-tracker-0.2.0.zip?versionId=ec71e34e-8049-450e-b00e-102d67cc3a43">trilab-tracker-0.2.0.zip</a>) and dataset (<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/cfb2f8f7-ecb0-4ef8-a16c-3f50e620549c/dataset.zip?versionId=025b9b87-2b06-4012-adb3-cd1b508d5bd1">dataset.zip</a>) for the research article "Kinematic analysis of social interactions deconstructs the evolved loss of schooling behavior in cavefish". The latest version of Trilab-Tracker can be found at <a href="https://github.com/yffily/trilab-tracker">https://github.com/yffily/trilab-tracker</a>.</p>
The genetic and social contributions to sex differences in lifespan in Drosophila serrata
<p class="MsoNormal">Sex differences in lifespan remain an intriguing puzzle in evolutionary biology. While explanations range from sex differences in selection to sex differences in the expression of recessive lifespan-altering mutations (via X-linkage), little consensus has been reached. One unresolved issue is the extent to which genetic influences on lifespan dimorphism are modulated by the environment. For example, studies have shown that sex-differences in lifespan can either increase or decrease depending upon the social environment. Here we took an experimental approach, manipulating multiple axes of social environment across inbred long- and short-lived genotypes and their reciprocal F1s in the fly <em>Drosophila serrata</em>. Our results reveal strong genetic effects and subtle yet significant genotype-by-environment interactions for male and female lifespan, specifically due to both population density and mating status. Further, our data do not support the idea that unconditional expression of deleterious X-linked recessive alleles in heterogametic males accounts for lower male lifespan.</p>
Supplementary files for "Building bridges between natural and social science disciplines: A standardised methodology to combine data on ecosystem quality trends"
<p>Data sources and mapping methodology</p>
Database of Indian Social Media Influencers on Twitter
<p>Databases of highly networked individuals have been indispensable in studying narratives and influence on social media. To support studies on Twitter in India, we present a systematically categorised database of accounts of influence on Twitter in India, identified and annotated through an iterative process of friends, networks, and self-described profile information, verified manually. We built an initial set of accounts based on the friend network of a seed set of accounts based on real-world renown in various fields, and then snowballed “friends of friends” multiple times, and rank ordered individuals based on the number of in-group connections, and overall followers. We then manually classified identified accounts under the categories of entertainment, sports, business, government, institutions, journalism, civil society accounts that have independent standing outside of social media, as well as a category of “digital first” referring to accounts that de- rive their primary influence from online activity. Overall, we annotated 11580 unique accounts across all categories. The database is useful studying various questions related to the role of influencers in polarisation, misinformation, extreme speech, political discourse etc.</p>
The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS): Validation Study of the Slovak version for adolescents
<p>Dataset for an article called The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS): Validation Study of the Slovak version for adolescents. </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.