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opencc-by-4.0Nov 2020View details →

Photochromic fluorophores enable imaging of endogenous fusion constructs in Candida albicans

10. Gcn5_Stat : Main dataset for figure 2 stationary phase of the manuscript. 5., 6. and 7.Gcn5_Stat are additional datasets for figure 2 stationary phase. 11. SC5314_Stat : main negative control dataset for figure 2 depicted in supplementary figure 1. 14. Gcn5_Exp : Main dataset for figure 2 exponential phase of the manuscript. 12., 13. Gcn5_Exp are additional datasets for figure 2 exponential phase. 15. SC5314_Exp : main negative control dataset for figure 2 depicted in supplementary figure 1. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Erg11 and 7. Erg11 are main datasets for figure 3 of the manuscript. 15. SC5314 (Erg11 control) : negative control dataset for figure 3 depicted in supplementary figure 3.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

SBF-SEM datasets related to the manuscript "Trans-cellular tunnels induced by the fungal pathogen Candida albicans facilitate invasion through successive epithelial cells without host damage" by Lachat et al, 2022.

11 serial block face- scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) datasets described in the manuscript "Trans-cellular tunnels induced by the fungal pathogen Candida albicans facilitate invasion through successive epithelial cells without host damage" by Lachat et al, 2022. Resolution: 10 nm x,y, 100 nm Z. Datasets description and quantification can be found in the Supplementary information.

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

Data from: Photoinactivation of Yeast and Biofilm Communities of Candida albicans Mediated by ZnTnHex-2-PyP4+ Porphyrin

Data supporting the figures presented in the research article Photoinactivation of Yeast and Biofilm Communities of Candida albicans Mediated by ZnTnHex-2-PyP4+ Porphyrin.   Candida albicans is the main cause of superficial candidiasis. While the antifungals available are defied by biofilm formation and resistance emergence, antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) arises as an alternative antifungal therapy. The tetracationic metalloporphyrin Zn(II) meso-tetrakis(N-n-hexylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (ZnTnHex-2-PyP4+) has high photoefficiency and improved cellular interactions. We investigated the ZnTnHex-2-PyP4+ as a photosensitizer (PS) to photoinactivate yeasts and biofilms of C. albicans strains (ATCC 10231 and ATCC 90028) using a blue light-emitting diode. The photoinactivation of yeasts was evaluated by quantifying the colony forming units. The aPDI of ATCC 90028 biofilms was assessed by the MTT assays, propidium iodide (PI) labeling, and scanning electron microscopy. Mammalian cytotoxicity was investigated in Vero cells using MTT assay. The aPDI (4.3 J/cm2) promoted eradication of yeasts at 0.8 and 1.5 µM of PS for ATCC 10231 and ATCC 90028, respectively. At 0.8 µM and same light dose, aPDI-treated biofilms showed intense PI labeling, about 89% decrease in the cell viability, and structural alterations with reduced hyphae. No considerable toxicity was observed in mammalian cells. Our results introduce the ZnTnHex-2-PyP4+ as a promising PS to photoinactivate both yeasts and biofilms of C. albicans, stimulating studies with other Candida species and resistant isolates.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Antifungal activity of propolis extract against Candida albicans in patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the antifungal activity of propolis extract against Candida Albicans (or C. Albicans) in patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis. Method: The research presents a quantitative approach with an experimental design, with a population of C. Albicans strains isolated from patients diagnosed with vulvovaginal candidiasis who were admitted to the Gynecology Service of the Maria del Socorro Clinic, district of Ate - Lima, from which a sample of 34 strains was chosen in total, considering three repetitions per strain, obtaining 102 experimental units. The antifungal susceptibility test was carried out by the disc diffusion plate method using a single concentration of propolis extract, with fluconazole as a positive control. Resultados: Propolis extract was shown to inhibit all strains of C. albicans, as was fluconazole, with the effect of the latter being significantly greater than that of the product under investigation. Conclusion: The conclusion is that propolis extract does show antifungal activity against C. albicans in patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis. Keywords: Propolis extract, Candida Albicans, Antifungal activity, Vulvovaginal candidiasis.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2023View details →

Data from: A novel strategy based on Zn(II) porphyrins and silver nanoparticles to photoinactivate Candida albicans

Data supporting the figures presented in the research article "A novel strategy based on Zn(II) porphyrins and silver nanoparticles to photoinactivate Candida albicans" Background: Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) has been an attractive alternative to treat Candida albicans infections, especially considering the spread of resistant strains. The combination of the photophysical advantages of Zn(II) porphyrins (ZnPs) and the plasmonic effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has the potential to further improve PDI. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate PDI action in C. albicans using ZnTnHex-2-PyP4+ or ZnTE-2-PyP4+ associated with AgNPs. Methods: AgNPs stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were chosen to allow for (i) overlap between NP extinction and ZnP absorption spectra and (ii) favor AgNPs-ZnPs contact; prerequisites for exploring the plasmonic effect. Optical and zeta potential (ζ) characterizations were performed, and ROS generation was also evaluated. Yeasts were incubated with ZnPs alone or in combination with AgNPs (AgNPs-ZnPs systems), at various concentrations of ZnPs and two proportions of AgNPs, then irradiated with a blue LED. Interactions between yeasts and the systems (ZnP alone or AgNPs-ZnPs) were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. Results: Subtle spectroscopic changes were observed for ZnPs after association with AgNPs, and the ζ analyses confirmed AgNPs-ZnPs interaction. PDI using ZnP-hexyl (0.8 µM) and ZnP-ethyl (5.0 µM) promoted a 3 and 2 log10 reduction of yeasts, respectively. On the other hand, AgNPs-ZnP-hexyl (0.2 µM) and AgNPs-ZnP-ethyl (0.6 µM) systems led to complete fungal eradication under the same parameters and lower porphyrin concentrations. An increase in the ROS level was observed when ZnPs were associated with AgNPs. Enhanced interaction of yeasts with AgNPs-ZnPs was observed, when compared with ZnPs alone. Conclusion: We hypothesize that the plasmonic effect combined with the greater interactions between cells and AgNPs-ZnPs systems resulted in an efficient and improved C. albicans yeast PDI, encouraging further developments toward inactivation of resistant Candida spp.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

Single-molecule Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (smFISH) for RNA detection in the fungal pathogen Candida albicans dataset

This dataset is connected to the protocol article titled: Single-molecule Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (smFISH) for RNA detection in the fungal pathogen Candida albicans Abstract: Candida albicans is the most prevalent human fungal pathogen. Its pathogenicity is linked to the ability of C. albicans to reversibly change morphology and to grow as yeast, pseudohyphal or hyphal cells in response to environmental stimuli. Understanding the molecular regulation controlling those morphological switches remains a challenge that, if solved, could help fight C. albicans infections. While numerous studies investigated gene expression changes occurring during C. albicans morphological switches using bulk approaches (e.g., RNA sequencing), here we describe a single-cell and single-molecule RNA imaging and analysis protocol to measure absolute mRNA counts in morphologically intact cells. To detect endogenous mRNAs in single fixed cells, we optimized a single molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization (smFISH) protocol for C. albicans, which allows one to quantify the differential expression of mRNAs in yeast, pseudohyphae or hyphal cells. We quantified the expression of two mRNAs, cell cycle-controlled mRNA (CLB2) and a transcription regulator (EFG1), which show differential expression in the different morphological cell types and in different nutrient conditions. In this protocol we described in detail the major steps of this approach: growth and fixation, hybridization, imaging, cell-segmentation and mRNA spot analysis. Raw data is provided with the protocol to favour reproducibility. This approach could benefit the molecular characterization of C. albicans and other filamentous fungi, pathogenic or non-pathogenic. Data description: This dataset consists of a FISH experiment spanning two different mRNAs, EFG1 and CLB2, and two different nutrient condition, being SPIDER37 and TSB37 in Candida albicans. For culturing, the C. albicans wildtype strain SC5314 was inoculated at 30 degrees overnight (~15 hours) in 10 mL of TSB medium in a 30 degree (celsius) shaking incubator. Next, samples were diluted to a density of 10^5 cells/ mL and inoculated for 6 hours in either 30 mL TSB medium or Spider medium at 37 degrees in falcon tubes on an orbital microplate shaker. Then, samples were fixated by adding PFA to a final concentration of 4% to the medium. For hybridization, both mRNAs were hybridized independently by specific DNA oligo labelled with a Quasar670 dye to enable the visualisation of single mRNA molecules. As both genes are labelled by the same dye, these oligos were not co-applied to the same sample but to independent samples. Microscopy For smFISH imaging we use an Olympus BX-63 epifluorescence microscope equipped with Ultrasonic stage and UPlanApo 100x 1.35NA oil-immersion objective (Olympus). Lumencore SOLA FISH light source, a Hamamatsu ORCA-Fusion sCMOS camera (6.5 µm-pixel size) mounted using U-CMT C-Mount Adapter, and zero-pixel shift filter sets: F36-500 DAPI HC Brightline Bandpass Filter, F36-502 FITC HC BrightLine Filter, F36-542 Cy3 HC BrightLine Filter, and F36-523 Cy5 HC BrightLine Filter. Images are acquired across 61-81 optical sections (depending on the sample thickness) with a z-step size of 0.2 μm. The CellSens software (Olympus) is used for instrument control and image acquisition. For the DAPI  channel 10-50 ms of exposure was used. Whilst, for the CY5 channel, used imaging the FISH probes, 750 ms was applied.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

Single-molecule Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (smFISH) for RNA detection in the fungal pathogen Candida albicans small example dataset

This small example dataset is connected to the protocol article titled: Single-molecule Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (smFISH) for RNA detection in the fungal pathogen Candida albicans Abstract: Candida albicans is the most prevalent human fungal pathogen. Its pathogenicity is linked to the ability of C. albicans to reversibly change morphology and to grow as yeast, pseudohyphal or hyphal cells in response to environmental stimuli. Understanding the molecular regulation controlling those morphological switches remains a challenge that, if solved, could help fight C. albicans infections. While numerous studies investigated gene expression changes occurring during C. albicans morphological switches using bulk approaches (e.g., RNA sequencing), here we describe a single-cell and single-molecule RNA imaging and analysis protocol to measure absolute mRNA counts in morphologically intact cells. To detect endogenous mRNAs in single fixed cells, we optimized a single molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization (smFISH) protocol for C. albicans, which allows one to quantify the differential expression of mRNAs in yeast, pseudohyphae or hyphal cells. We quantified the expression of two mRNAs, cell cycle-controlled mRNA (CLB2) and a transcription regulator (EFG1), which show differential expression in the different morphological cell types and in different nutrient conditions. In this protocol, we described in detail the major steps of this approach: growth and fixation, hybridization, imaging, cell-segmentation and mRNA spot analysis. Raw data is provided with the protocol to favour reproducibility. This approach could benefit the molecular characterization of C. albicans and other filamentous fungi, pathogenic or non-pathogenic. Data description: This dataset consists of a FISH experiment spanning two different mRNAs, EFG1 and CLB2, and one nutrient condition, SPIDER37, in Candida albicans. For culturing, the C. albicans wildtype strain SC5314 was inoculated at 30 degrees overnight (~15 hours) in 10 mL of TSB medium in a 30 °C shaking incubator. Next, samples were diluted to a density of 10^5 cells/ mL and inoculated for 6 hours in 30 mL Spider medium at 37 °C in falcon tubes on an orbital microplate shaker. Then, samples were fixated by adding PFA to a final concentration of 4% to the medium. For hybridization, both mRNAs were hybridized independently by specific DNA oligo labelled with a Quasar670 dye to enable the visualisation of single mRNA molecules. As both genes are labelled by the same dye, these oligos were not co-applied to the same sample but to independent samples. Microscopy For smFISH imaging we use an Olympus BX-63 epifluorescence microscope equipped with Ultrasonic stage and UPlanApo 100x 1.35NA oil-immersion objective (Olympus). Lumencore SOLA FISH light source, a Hamamatsu ORCA-Fusion sCMOS camera (6.5 µm-pixel size) mounted using U-CMT C-Mount Adapter, and zero-pixel shift filter sets: F36-500 DAPI HC Brightline Bandpass Filter, F36-502 FITC HC BrightLine Filter, F36-542 Cy3 HC BrightLine Filter, and F36-523 Cy5 HC BrightLine Filter. Images are acquired across 61-81 optical sections (depending on the sample thickness) with a z-step size of 0.2 μm. The CellSens software (Olympus) is used for instrument control and image acquisition. For the DAPI  channel 10-50 ms of exposure was used. Whilst, for the CY5 channel, used for imaging the FISH probes, 750 ms was applied.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →

Candida albicans commensalism in the oral mucosa is favoured by limited virulence and metabolic adaptation.

Original data linked to Lemberg, Martinez de San Vicente, Fróis-Martins, et al., PLoS Pathogens, 2022. Transcriptomic data linked to this paper are deposited on the NCBI BioProject PRJNA491801 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/?term=PRJNA491801)

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Transcriptional and metabolic changes in Candida albicans during yeast-to-hypha transition

In this study hypha-associated transcriptional and metabolic changes were investigated in the opportunistich human pathogen Candida albicans. Three different strains were investigated the SC5314 wildtype and two filamentation-affected mutant strains cph1Δefg1Δ and hgc1Δ. Three different hypha-inducing conditions were compared with two respective yeast conditions: SD minimal medium with 10% human serum or N-acetylglucosamin vs. SD minimal medium, and M199 pH7.4 vs. M199 pH4. Sampling time points were 0, 90 and 240 min. ON cultures were prepared in SD and re-inoculated in SD and grown to early log-phase prior to the experiment. Cells were collected, washed and used to inoculate the test medium at OD0.3. All cultures were generally maintained at 37°C. Obtained samples were submitted for transcriptional profiling (RNA-Seq with 10 million reads per sample and 150 bp paired-ends) and metabolomics. Media list: SD: 2% glucose, 0.17% YNB without amino acids, 0.5% ammonium sulfate, pH 4.5 HS - SD with 10 vol% human serum (Male, AB negative) GlcNAc - 2% N-acetylglucosamine, 0.17% YNB without amino acids, 0.5% ammonium sulfate, pH 4.5 Medium 199 with Earle's salts and L-Glu  buffered to either pH 4 or 7.4 by addition of 1/5 volume of 0.1 M citric acid and 0.2 M Na2HPO4 buffer

SASDM65 – Candida albicans Ras-like protein 1

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SASDM55 – GTP-binding domain of Candida albicans Ras-like protein 1

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opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

Raw and analyzed data for manuscript "In vitro eradication of Candida albicans biofilm through cold atmospheric plasma: Unravelling the interdependence of exposure and voltage in the antifungal mode of action."

Raw and analysed data for the manuscript, to be submitted to Journal of Infection and Public Health.   Abstract: Introduction: Since Candida spp. is the fourth leading cause of healthcare-associated infections globally, the need for novel antifungal agents is increasing among scientists. This study investigates the potential of cold atmospheric plasma for C. albicans biofilm treatment. Methods: Our research focused on in vitro C. albicans biofilm response to varying parameters of plasma application, specifically the impact of treatment duration and input voltage. Evaluation of plasma influence on C. albicans was assessed with viability, membrane integrity, and oxidative stress measurements, along with observations of biofilm chemical composition and hyphae growth after plasma treatment. Results and Discussion: The higher plasma input voltage and increased exposure tme resulted in lower C. albicans cell viability, with complete reductions observed after 5 min plasma treatment duration across all input voltages tested. The effect of plasma treatment was further confirmed with a microscopic examination after BacLight® staining. Low (8 V) CAP exposure could potentially lead to a phenomenon known as hormesis, which was observed in C. albicans 24 h growth measurements. Additionally, intracellular oxidative stress assessment further proved that with prolonged treatment times, the intensity of oxidative stress, increased. Plasma treatment also affected the hyphae, which exhibited signs of contraction and compression. The chemical characteristics revealed that increasing plasma voltage and exposure time also have a distinguished impact on lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, typical constituents of fungi biofilms. Conclusion: This study underscores the potential of plasma as a promising approach in combating Candida spp. biofilms, shedding light on the intricate dynamics of its impact on biofilm viability, morphology and composition.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Dynamic calcium-mediated stress response and recovery signatures in the fungal pathogen, Candida albicans - Supplementary Movies

Supplementary Data: movie files: Movie S1: BWP17-GCaMP 1 mM – 200 mM Ca2+ Movie S2: WT-GCaMP 1M NaCl Movie S3: BWP17-GCaMP 0.6 M Ca2+ Movie S4: WT-GCaMP 0.05% SDS Movie S5: WT-GCaMP 5 mM H2O2 Movie S6: Empty-vector 5 mM H2O2 Movie S7: cap1∆-GCaMP 5 mM H2O2 Movie S8: hog1∆-GCaMP 5 mM H2O2 Movie S9: cnb1∆-GCaMP 5 mM H2O2 Movie S10: crz1∆-GCaMP 5 mM H2O2 Movie S11: cch1∆-GCaMP 5 mM H2O2 Movie S12: yvc1∆-GCaMP 5 mM H2O2

dryad36/100

The molecular basis of pH sensing by the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans TOK potassium channel

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publicSep 2024View details →

dryad32/100

Data from: Host-induced genome instability rapidly generates phenotypic variation across Candida albicans strains and ploidy states

Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans that is typically diploid yet has a highly labile genome tolerant of large-scale perturbations including chromosomal aneuploidy and loss-of-heterozygosity events. The ability to rapidly generate genetic variation is crucial for C. albicans to adapt to changing or stressful environments, like those encountered in the host. Genetic variation occurs via stress-induced mutagenesis or can be generated through its parasexual cycle, in which tetraploids arise via diploid mating or stress-induced mitotic defects and undergo nonmeiotic ploidy reduction. However, it remains largely unknown how genetic background contributes to C. albicans genome instability in vitro or in the host environment. Here, we tested how genetic background, ploidy, and the host environment impacts C. albicans genome stability. We found that host association induced both loss-of-heterozygosity events and genome size changes, regardless of genetic background or ploidy. However, the magnitude and types of genome changes varied across C. albicans strain background and ploidy state. We then assessed if host-induced genomic changes resulted in fitness consequences on growth rate and nonlethal virulence phenotypes and found that many host-derived isolates significantly changed relative to their parental strain. Interestingly, diploid host-associated C. albicans predominantly decreased host reproductive fitness, whereas tetraploid host-associated C. albicans increased host reproductive fitness. Together, these results are important for understanding how host-induced genomic changes in C. albicans alter its relationship with the host. IMPORTANCE Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans. The ability to generate genetic variation is essential for adaptation and is a strategy that C. albicans and other fungal pathogens use to change their genome size. Stressful environments, including the host, induce C. albicans genome instability. Here, we investigated how C. albicans genetic background and ploidy state impact genome instability, both in vitro and in a host environment. We show that the host environment induces genome instability, but the magnitude depends on C. albicans genetic background. Furthermore, we show that tetraploid C. albicans is highly unstable in host environments and rapidly reduces in genome size. These reductions in genome size often resulted in reduced virulence. In contrast, diploid C. albicans displayed modest host-induced genome size changes, yet these frequently resulted in increased virulence. Such studies are essential for understanding how opportunistic pathogens respond and potentially adapt to the host environment.

opencc-zeroJun 2020View details →

De novo assemblies for the manuscrip "Candida albicans isolates contain frequent heterozygous structural variants and transposable elements within genes and centromeres"

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SASDM95 – Candida albicans Ras-like protein 1 in complex with the guanine nucleotide exchange factor region of cell division control protein 25

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SASDM85 – GTP-binding domain of Candida albicans Ras-like protein 1 in complex with the guanine nucleotide exchange factor region of cell division control protein 25

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SASDM75 – Ras-like protein 1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor region of Candida albicans cell division control protein 25

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