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Fig. 6 in Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 6. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the Lasiini; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm. (A) Cladomyrma hewitti (CASENT0173906); (B) Lasius lasioides (CASENT0906077); (C) Lasius citrinus (CASENT0103542); (D) Myrmecocystus melliger (CASENT0103518); (E) Metalasius myrmidon (CASENT0903666); (F) Euprenolepis procera (CASENT0906260); (G) Nylanderia amblyops (CASENT0007735); (H) Paraparatrechina albipes (CASENT0178759); (I) Paratrechina ankarana (CASENT0454372); (J) Prenolepis imparis (CASENT0179615); (K) Pseudolasius amaurops (CASENT0106005); (L) Zatania gibberosa (CASENT0281461). (Image credits, AntWeb: A, C, G, H = April Nobile; B = Shannon Hartman; D = Jen Fogarty; E, Will Ericson; F, Estella Ortega; I, Michele Esposito; J, Erin Prado; K, Michael Branstetter; L, Ziv Lieberman).

Fig. 7 in Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla.

Fig. 3 in Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 3. Summary coalescence species-tree phylogeny from ASTRAL-II analysis of 959 ultraconserved elements from Blaimer et al. (2015). Node support values are given as local posterior probabilities (LPP). Filled circles at nodes indicate full support.

Fig. 1 in Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 1. Comparison of phylogenetic hypotheses for Lasius; red indicates paraphyly of Lasius sensu stricto, orange of Lasius (Cautolasius) and violet of Lasius (Chthonolasius). (A) Intuition-based topology from Wilson (1955). (B, C) combined morphological and mitochondrial topologies of Janda et al. (2004), and Maruyama et al. (2008). (D) Consensus topology from the current study; see Table 4 for Bayes factor tests of our constraint analyses.

Fig. 5 in Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 5. Results of the BioGeoBEARS and life-history trait ancestral state estimation analyses on a chronogram pruned from the analysis of the Lasiini_w_outgroups_w_fossils_154t combined morphological and molecular dataset. Horizontal blue bars at nodes are 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals from the divergence dating. Coloured circles on nodes are inferred inherited biogeographic ranges, with the top half of each corresponding to the upper branch and bottom half with the lower branch; coloured circles at branch tips represent biogeographical coding for terminal; dashed lines at 60 and 30 Ma indicate the boundaries of the three BioGeoBEARS dispersal rate matrix time periods. Coloured boxes at branch tips represent presence or absence of two traits for Lasius: temporary social parasitism (black = absence, red = presence) and fungiculture (black = absence, green = presence). Stars on internal branches indicate the evolution of temporary social parasitism (red) and fungiculture (green) The figure background indicates generalized major climatological regimes during Earth's history (Royer et al., 2004; Zachos et al., 2008; Hansen et al., 2013), while the inset globes visually represent palaeoclimate and landmass configuration modified from Scotese (1998).

Fig. 9 in Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 9. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm; scale bar unavailable for K. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasiuspallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (HJF013); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)

Fig. 8 in Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 8. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the extant species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in full-face view; scale bars = 0.5 mm. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (MNHNB25217); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)

Fig. 2 in Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 2. Molecular phylogeny of the Lasiini inferred from Bayesian analysis of the Lasiini_55t data matrix. Node support valuesare reportedas Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI) versus maximum likelihood bootstrap (ML). Filled circles at nodes indicate full support from both analyses. An asterisk (*) indicates that the topology of the ML analysis diverged from the BI analysis at the given node.

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Table 7 in Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Table 7. Empirical Bayesian posterior probabilities from ancestralstate estimation for selected nodes; numbers may not add up to 1.00 due to rounding error.<table><tbody><tr><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th>Propodeal</th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th></th><td>Eyes</td><td></td><td>Metacoxae</td><td>AIII shoulder</td><td></td><td>spiracle</td><td></td><td>Proventriculus</td><td>Sulcus</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Absent/</td><td>Low,</td><td>High,</td><td>Circle/</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Node</th><td>Post.</td><td>Ant.</td><td>Close</td><td>Wide</td><td>broad</td><td>narrow</td><td>narrow</td><td>ellipse</td><td>Slit</td><td>Asepal.</td><td>Sepal.</td><td>Absent</td><td>Present</td></tr><tr><th>Doryloformicoids (root)</th><td>0. 02</td><td>0.98</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td></tr><tr><th>Myrmecioformicoids</th><td>0. 00</td><td>1.00</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td></tr><tr><th>Formicinae</th><td>0. 02</td><td>0.98</td><td>0. 08</td><td>0.92</td><td>0.72</td><td>0. 06</td><td>0.22</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>0. 33</td><td>0.67</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td></tr><tr><th>Myrmelachistini</th><td>0. 02</td><td>0.99</td><td>0. 01</td><td>0.99</td><td>0.06</td><td>0. 01</td><td>0.93</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>0. 33</td><td>0.67</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td></tr><tr><th>Lasiini + core Formicinae</th><td>0. 05</td><td>0.95</td><td>0. 07</td><td>0.93</td><td>0.69</td><td>0. 11</td><td>0.19</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>0. 11</td><td>0.89</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td></tr><tr><th>Lasiini</th><td>0. 05</td><td>0.95</td><td>0. 00</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 04</td><td>0.86</td><td>0.10</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>0. 01</td><td>0.99</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td></tr><tr><th>core Lasiini</th><td>0. 07</td><td>0.93</td><td>0. 00</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 01</td><td>0.89</td><td>0.10</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>1.00</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td></tr><tr><th>Metalasius + Prenolepis g. grp.</th><td>0. 03</td><td>0.97</td><td>0. 00</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 01</td><td>0.85</td><td>0.14</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>1.00</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td></tr><tr><th>Prenolepis g. grp.</th><td>0. 03</td><td>0.97</td><td>0. 00</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>1.00</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>1.00</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td></tr><tr><th>core Formicinae</th><td>0. 13</td><td>0.87</td><td>0. 09</td><td>0.91</td><td>0.71</td><td>0. 09</td><td>0.20</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>0. 11</td><td>0.89</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td></tr><tr><th>Melophorini</th><td>0.98</td><td>0. 02</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>0.90</td><td>0. 10</td><td>0. 00</td><td>1.00</td></tr><tr><th>formicoform radiation</th><td>0. 30</td><td>0.70</td><td>0.99</td><td>0. 01</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>0. 02</td><td>0.98</td><td>0.93</td><td>0. 07</td></tr><tr><th>Formicini</th><td>0.98</td><td>0. 02</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>0.03</td><td>0.97</td><td>0. 00</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>1.00</td></tr><tr><th>Plagiolepidini</th><td>0. 11</td><td>0.89</td><td>0. 00</td><td>1.00</td><td>0.28</td><td>0. 16</td><td>0.56</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>0.95</td><td>0. 05</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td></tr><tr><th>Camponotini</th><td>0. 01</td><td>0.99</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>0. 01</td><td>0.99</td><td>0. 00</td><td>1.00</td><td>0. 00</td><td>1.00</td></tr></tbody></table>For ease of reference, the highest probability state is bolded and lowest italicized for each node.

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Table 2 in Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Table 2. Voucher specimen collection data for sequences generated de novo.<table><tbody><tr><th>Species</th><th>Specimen code</th><th>Locality (year)</th><th>Collector</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Lasius americanus _nr</th><td>CASENT0732004</td><td>CA, U.S.A. (2014)</td><td>Borowiec, M.L.</td></tr><tr><th>Lasius atopus _nr</th><td>CASENT0234858</td><td>CA, U.S.A. (2014)</td><td>Boudinot, B.E., et al.</td></tr><tr><th>Lasius brevicornis</th><td>CASENT0234864</td><td>CA, U.S.A. (2012)</td><td>Borowiec, M.L.</td></tr><tr><th>Lasius brunneus</th><td>CASENT0234862</td><td>Dolny &Sacute;l&aogon;sk, Poland (2010)</td><td>Borowiec, M.L.</td></tr><tr><th>Lasius carniolicus</th><td>CASENT0731085</td><td>Dolny &Sacute;l&aogon;sk, Poland (2012)</td><td>Salata, S.</td></tr><tr><th>Lasius emarginatus</th><td>CASENT0234865</td><td>Dolny &Sacute;l&aogon;sk, Poland (2010)</td><td>Borowiec, M.L.</td></tr><tr><th>Lasius flavus</th><td>CASENT0234860</td><td>Dolny &Sacute;l&aogon;sk, Poland (2010)</td><td>Borowiec, M.L.</td></tr><tr><th>Lasius fuliginosus</th><td>CASENT0234861</td><td>Dolny &Sacute;l&aogon;sk, Poland (2010)</td><td>Borowiec, M.L.</td></tr><tr><th>Lasius latipes</th><td>CASENT0234866</td><td>CA, U.S.A. (2007)</td><td>Ward, P.S.</td></tr><tr><th>Lasius myops</th><td>CASENT0732040</td><td>N Calabria, Italy (2014)</td><td>Borowiec, L.</td></tr><tr><th>Lasius nearcticus</th><td>CASENT0811278</td><td>MA, U.S.A. (2008)</td><td>Alpert, G.D. & Borowiec, M.L.</td></tr><tr><th>Lasius pallitarsis</th><td>CASENT0234859</td><td>CA, U.S.A. (2014)</td><td>Borowiec, M.L.</td></tr><tr><th>Lasius platythorax</th><td>CASENT0811277</td><td>N. Dalmatia, Croatia (2000)</td><td>Borowiec, M.L. & Poprawska, M</td></tr><tr><th>Lasius psammophilus</th><td>CASENT0811275</td><td>Dolny &Sacute;l&aogon;sk, Poland (2009)</td><td>Borowiec, M.L.</td></tr><tr><th>Lasius sabularum</th><td>CASENT0234863</td><td>Dolny &Sacute;l&aogon;sk, Poland (2010)</td><td>Borowiec, M.L.</td></tr><tr><th>Lasius sonobei</th><td>CASENT0730575</td><td>Hokkaido, Japan (2002)</td><td>Ward, P.S.</td></tr><tr><th>Lasius spathepus</th><td>CASENT0732006</td><td>Hokkaido, Japan (2002)</td><td>Ward, P.S.</td></tr><tr><th>Lasius subumbratus _nr</th><td>CASENT0731084</td><td>CA, U.S.A. (2014)</td><td>Ward, P.S.</td></tr><tr><th>Lasius turcicus</th><td>CASENT0732001</td><td>Rhodes, Greece (2008)</td><td>Borowiec, L.</td></tr><tr><th>Metalasius myrmidon</th><td>CASENT0811544</td><td>Korinthia, Greece (2013)</td><td>Borowiec, L.</td></tr><tr><th>Myrmecocystus mexicanus</th><td>CASENT0234867</td><td>CA, U.S.A. (2014)</td><td>Borowiec, M.L.</td></tr><tr><th>Myrmecocystus tenuinodis</th><td>CASENT0234868</td><td>CA, U.S.A. (2004)</td><td>Ward, P.S.</td></tr></tbody></table>Specimen codes link to more detailed collection data on AntWeb (http://www.antweb.org); all specimens were deposited in the Bohart Museum of Entomology (UCDC) except for L. sonobei, which was a destructive extraction (collection code: PSW14663, duplicates available).

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Table 1 in Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Table 1. Overview of study design, explaining which datasets and analyses were used to answer our primary questions.<table><tbody><tr><th>Question</th><th>Data</th><th>Programme</th><th>Analysis</th></tr><tr><th>Phylogenetic analyses</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>1. Is Lasius monophyletic?</th><td>89 taxa, 959 UCE locus alignments</td><td>UCEs: ASTRAL-II</td><td>UCE: summary coalescence</td></tr><tr><td>135 taxa, 11 Sanger loci</td><td>Sanger: MRBAYES</td><td>135 taxa, 11 Sanger loci: Bayesian tree inference, and maximum likelihood bootstrap</td></tr><tr><td>55 taxa, 11 Sanger loci</td><td>3.2.6, IQ-TREE</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>55 taxa, 11 Sanger loci: stepping stone, concordance factor</td></tr><tr><th>2. Are the subgenera of Lasius monophyletic?</th><td>55 taxa, 11 Sanger loci</td><td>MRBAYES 3.2.6, IQ-TREE</td><td>Bayesian: Bayesian tree inference, stepping stone ML; maximum likelihood bootstrap, concordance factor</td></tr><tr><th>3. What are the relationships of fossil Formicinae?</th><td>154 taxa: 11 Sanger loci for 135 extant taxa, and 110 binary morphological characters for 136 extant and 18 extinct taxa</td><td>MRBAYES 3.2.6</td><td>Tree search: (clock vs nonclock; morphology-only vs combined data)</td></tr><tr><th>Evolutionary history</th></tr><tr><th>4. Under what palaeoclimatological conditions and where biogeographically did the Lasiini and its internal clades originate?</th><td>135 extant taxon, 11 Sanger loci chronogram trimmed from 154 taxon tree generated in Question 3</td><td>BIOGEOBEARS</td><td>BIOGEOBEARS: several models (with and without +J)</td></tr><tr><th>5. What was the evolutionary sequence of transformation for taxonomically important characters and life-history traits?</th><td>135 taxon chronogram from Question 4, 5 binary morphological characters and 1 ternary morphological character; 21 taxon chronogram trimmed from Question 3, 2 binary life-history traits</td><td>R (ape)</td><td>ace with ER (equal rates) versus</td></tr><tr><th>Taxonomy</th></tr><tr><th>6. What are the morphological states that define the Lasiini and focal clades therein?</th><td>Qualitative comparisons (various)</td><td>Qualitative: n/a</td><td>Qualitative: Key + Tabulation</td></tr><tr><td>Morphometrics (104 specimens, 56 spp.)</td><td>Quantitative: R</td><td>Quantitative: Plotting</td></tr><tr><td>(ggplot)</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

Fig. 4 in Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 4. Results from phylogenetic analysis of the Lasiini_w_outgroups_w_fossils_154t combined morphological and molecular dataset analyzed with MrBayes using the fossilized birth-death branch length prior and the IGR clock variation prior. Fossil taxa are indicated by a dagger preceding the name. Node support values are in Bayesian posterior probability. Filled circles indicate full support. Horizontal blue bars at nodes are 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals.

Fig. 10 in Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 10. Habitus images for the three new genera recognized in this study; scale bars = 0.25 mm. (A, B) Metalasius myrmidon gen.nov. comb.nov. (CASENT0906115); (C, D) †Metalasius pumilus gen.nov. comb.nov. (SMFBE1226); (E, F) †Sussudio gen.nov. comb.nov. (GZG-BST04646). Views: A = full-face; B, E = profile; C = laterally oblique facial; D, F = dorsal. Observe: (1) The compound eyes of Metalasius myrmidon and †M. pumilus are mid-set, and (2) †Sussudio gen.nov. has a distinctly-carinate propodeal foramen, vertical petiolar node and nongrooved (lateromedially convex) third abdominal tergite.

Table 6 in Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Table 6. Results of ANOVA tests on alternative ancestral state estimation models.<table><tbody><tr><th></th><th>Divergence dating</th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th>Biogeography reconstruction</th><th></th><th></th><th></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th></th><td>FBD IGRclock</td><td></td><td>FBDTK02 clock</td><td></td><td>UniformIGRclock</td><td>Uniform TK 02 clock</td><td></td><td>DEC (lnL − 136.77)</td><td>DIVALIKE (lnL − 132.24)</td><td>BAYAREALIKE (lnL − 150.98)</td></tr><tr><th>Node</th><td>Meanage(95 % HPD)</td><td>PP</td><td>Meanage(95 % HPD)</td><td>PP</td><td>Mean age(95 % HPD)</td><td>PP</td><td>Mean age (95 % HPD)</td><td>PP</td><td>Range</td><td>Likelihood</td><td>Range</td><td>Likelihood</td><td>Range</td><td>Likelihood</td></tr><tr><th>LasiiniCore LasiiniMetalasius + Prenolepis g. grp.</th><td>70.0 (57.6 –82.7) 62.3 (51.2 –72.9) 51.1 (42.2 –60.2)</td><td>0.990.940.99</td><td>97.2 (89.6 – 106.0) 88.6 (79.8 – 97.8) 71.0 (60.8 – 81.9)</td><td>0.910.641.00</td><td>80.8(68.6 – 91.8) 72.5(59.0 – 85.4) 59.9(48.7 –72.8)</td><td>0.96 0.94 0.99</td><td>100.0 (90.9 – 112.3) 92.0 (83.5 – 102.2) 75.6 (65.1 – 86.5)</td><td>0.94 0.49 1.00</td><td>PI P P</td><td>0.33 0.42 0.40</td><td>PI P P</td><td>0.37 0.56 0.53</td><td>PI PI PI</td><td>0.43 0.43 0.48</td></tr><tr><th>Prenolepis g. grp. Lasius g. grp. Crown Lasiusniger clade flavus clade Myrmecocystus</th><td>39.0 (36.5 –50.9) 24.9 (18.0 – 33.0) 21.9 (15.3 – 28.6) 15.8 (10.0 – 21.6) 15.7 (10.4 – 21.0) 14.6 (7.3 – 21.5)</td><td>0.471.000.771.001.001.00</td><td>53.1 (43.6 – 62.6) 67.9 (54.9 – 81.6) 63.7 (52.4 – 75.1) 53.2 (41.2 – 65.3) 49.1 (36.7 – 61.8) 47.9 (33.5 – 63.1)</td><td>1.000.990.630.701.001.00</td><td>50.9(40.8 – 61.3) 31.1(22.4 – 40.5) 27.3(19.4 – 35.6) 20.0(12.7 – 27.7) 19.7(13.2– 26.8) 17.8(8.9 – 26.9)</td><td>1.00 0.99 0.73 1.00 1.00 1.00</td><td>57.0 (48.2 – 66.5) 73.7 (61.9 – 88.3) 64.3 (58.4 – 82.2) 60.6 (46.1 – 73.0) 55.9 (41.1 – 69.4) 55.8 (40.0 – 69.8)</td><td>1.00 0.99 0.71 0.56 1.00 1.00</td><td>PI NaP P P Na Na</td><td>0.42 0.53 0.72 0.87 0.71 0.87</td><td>PI Na P P Na Na</td><td>0.50 0.55 0.71 0.99 0.90 0.97</td><td>PI NaP NaP NaP NaP Na</td><td>0.64 0.84 0.87 0.62 0.91 0.53</td></tr></tbody></table>

Table 4 in Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Table 4. Bayes Factor results, testing alternative placements of Metalasius and the monophyly of the subgenera using the Lasiini _55t matrix.<table><tbody><tr><th>SS</th><th>Marg. log</th><th>Marg. log</th><th></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>run</th><td>likelihood H0</td><td>likelihood H1</td><td>2lne(B10)</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Metalasius +</td><td>Metalasius +</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Lasius g. g.</td><td>Prenolepis g. g.</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>1</th><td>−29 156.21</td><td>−29 092.2</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>2</th><td>−29 153.15</td><td>−29 094.4</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Mean</th><td>−29 153.79</td><td>−29 092.79</td><td>−122</td></tr><tr><th>SS</th><td>Marg. log</td><td>Marg. log</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>run</th><td>likelihood H0</td><td>likelihood H1</td><td>2lne(B10)</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Lasius monophyletic</td><td>Lasius paraphyletic</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>1</th><td>−29 068.73</td><td>−29 072.46</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>2</th><td>−29 068.86</td><td>−29 072.04</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Mean</th><td>−29 068.79</td><td>−29 072.23</td><td>6.88</td></tr><tr><th>SS</th><td>Marg. log</td><td>Marg. log</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>run</th><td>likelihood H0</td><td>likelihood H1</td><td>2lne(B10)</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Lasius s. str.</td><td>Lasius s. str.</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>monophyletic</td><td>paraphyletic</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>1</th><td>−29 092.4</td><td>−29 057.37</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>2</th><td>−29 094.02</td><td>−29 058.11</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Mean</th><td>−29 092.91</td><td>−29 057.67</td><td>−70.48</td></tr><tr><th>SS</th><td>Marg. log</td><td>Marg. log</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>run</th><td>likelihood H0</td><td>likelihood H1</td><td>2lne(B10)</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Cautolasius</td><td>Cautolasius</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>monophyletic</td><td>paraphyletic</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>1</th><td>−29 063.91</td><td>−29 054.38</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>2</th><td>−29 064.12</td><td>−29 054.21</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Mean</th><td>−29 064.01</td><td>−29 054.29</td><td>−19.44</td></tr><tr><th>SS</th><td>Marg. log</td><td>Marg. log</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>run</th><td>likelihood H0</td><td>likelihood H1</td><td>2lne(B10)</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Chthonolasius</td><td>Chthonolasius</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>monophyletic</td><td>polyphyletic</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>1</th><td>−29 100.32</td><td>−29 047.78</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>2</th><td>−29 099.17</td><td>−29 046.75</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Mean</th><td>−29 099.59</td><td>−29 047.13</td><td>−104.92</td></tr></tbody></table>The mean value for the best-supported hypothesis for each comparison is bolded.