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38 results for “simultaneous hermaphrodites”
Figure 1 in Protandric simultaneous hermaphroditism and sex ratio in Lysmata nayaritensis Wicksten, 2000 (Decapoda: Caridea)
Figure 1. Lysmata nayaritensis, anatomical and morphological differences between males and hermaphrodites. (A) Gonopores of male; (B) spermatophores retrieved from gonopores of hermaphrodite; (C) sperm from male; (D) ovotestes from dissected hermaphrodite (anterior female and posterior male portions on the left and right, respectively); (E) close-up of the male gonad portion (arrow points at the left vas deferentia); (F) ovotestes from male (anterior female and male portions on left and right, respectively) (upper and lower arrows point at the right oviduct and left vas deferentia, respectively); (G) close-up of the female gonad portion in male (arrow points at immature oocyte); (H) endopod of first pleopod lacking cincinulli in hermaphrodite; (I) endopod of second pleopod lacking appendix masculina in hermaphrodite; (J) endopod of first pleopod in male (arrow points at cincinulli); (K) endopod of second pleopod in male (arrow points at appendix masculina).
Figure 2 in Protandric simultaneous hermaphroditism and sex ratio in Lysmata nayaritensis Wicksten, 2000 (Decapoda: Caridea)
Figure 2. Population structure of Lysmata nayaritensis at Chumical, Pacific coast of Panama, between December 2006 and March 2007.
Data for: Genome assemblies of the simultaneously hermaphroditic flatworms Macrostomum cliftonense and Macrostomum hystrix
<p>The free-living, simultaneously hermaphroditic flatworms of the genus <em>Macrostomum, </em>are increasingly used as model systems in various contexts. In particular, <em>M. lignano</em>, the only species of this group with a published genome assembly, has emerged as a model for the study of regeneration, reproduction, and stem-cell function. However, challenges have emerged due to <em>M. lignano</em> being a hidden polyploid, having recently undergone whole-genome duplication and chromosome fusion events. This complex genome architecture presents a significant roadblock to the application of many modern genetic tools. Hence, additional genomic resources for this genus are needed. Here we present such resources for <em>M. cliftonense</em> and <em>M. hystrix</em>, which represent<em> </em>the contrasting mating behaviors of reciprocal copulation and hypodermic insemination found in the genus. We use a combination of PacBio long-read sequencing and Illumina shot-gun sequencing, along with several RNA-Seq datasets, to assemble and annotate highly contiguous genomes for both species. The assemblies span ~227Mb and ~220Mb and are represented by 399 and 42 contigs for<em> M. cliftonense</em> and<em> M. hystrix,</em> respectively. Furthermore, high BUSCO completeness (~84-85%), low BUSCO duplication rates (8.3-6.2%), and low k-mer multiplicity indicate that these assemblies do not suffer from the same assembly ambiguities of the<em> M. lignano</em> genome assembly, that can be attributed to the complex karyology of this species. We also show that these resources, in combination with the prior resources from <em>M. lignano, </em>offer excellent foundations for comparative genomic research in this group of organisms.</p>
Different effects of mating group size as male and as female on sex allocation in a simultaneous hermaphrodite
<p>Sex allocation theory predicts that the optimal sexual resource allocation of simultaneous hermaphrodites is affected by mating group size (MGS). Although the original concept assumes that the MGS does not differ between male and female functions, the MGS in the male function (MGSm; i.e., the number of sperm recipients the focal individual can deliver its sperm to plus one) and that in the female function (MGSf; the number of sperm donors plus one) do not always coincide and may differently affect the optimal sex allocation. Moreover, reproductive costs can be split into "variable" (e.g., sperm and eggs) and "fixed" (e.g., genitalia) costs, but these have been seldom distinguished in empirical studies. We examined the effects of MGSm and MGSf on the fixed and variable reproductive investments in the sessilian barnacle <i>Balanus rostratus</i>. The results showed that MGSm had a positive effect on sex allocation, whereas MGSf had a nearly significant negative effect. Moreover, the "fixed" cost varied with body size and both aspects of MGS. We argue that the two aspects of MGS should be distinguished for organisms with unilateral mating.</p>
Data for: Mating strategy predicts gene presence/absence patterns in a genus of simultaneously hermaphroditic flatworms
<p>This repository contains a record of analysis scripts and similarity score data used for the analyses presented in the manuscript.</p> <p>Some of the R scripts depend on supplementary tables associated with the manuscript.</p> <p>A preprint of the manuscript is available at: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.25.489193v2">https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.25.489193v2</a></p>
Environmental effects on the genetic architecture of fitness components in a simultaneous hermaphrodite
<p>Understanding how environmental change affects genetic variances and covariances of reproductive traits is key to formulate firm predictions on evolutionary responses. This is particularly true for sex-specific variance in reproductive success, which has been argued to affect how populations can adapt to environmental change. Our current knowledge on the impact of environmental stress on sex-specific genetic architecture of fitness components is still limited and restricted to separate-sexed organisms. However, hermaphroditism is widespread across animals and may entail interesting peculiarities with respect to genetic constraints imposed on the evolution of male and female reproduction. We explored how food restriction affects the genetic variance-covariance (G) matrix of body size and reproductive success of the simultaneously hermaphroditic freshwater snail <i>Physa acuta</i>. Our results provide strong evidence that the imposed environmental stress elevated the opportunity for selection in both sex functions. However, the G matrix remained largely stable across the tested food treatments. Importantly, our results provide no support for cross-sex genetic correlations suggesting no strong evolutionary coupling of male and female reproductive traits. We discuss potential implications for the adaptation to changing environments and highlight the need for more quantitative genetic studies on male and female fitness components in simultaneous hermaphrodites.</p>
Different effects of mating group size as male and as female on sex allocation in a simultaneous hermaphrodite
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Environmental effects on the genetic architecture of fitness components in a simultaneous hermaphrodite
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Data from: Functions of bidirectional sex change and simultaneously hermaphroditic phase gonads in the monogamous goby Lubricogobius exiguus
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FIGURE 4 in Aracia sinaloae sp. n., a new brooding, simultaneous hermaphroditic fan worm from southern Gulf of California (Polychaeta: Sabellidae)
FIGURE 4. Aracia sinaloae sp. n. A, Ventral collar lappets and ventral shields stained with methyl green; B, dorsal lips indicated by arrows and embryos attached to right dorsal-most radiole; C, left dorsal-most radiole with two attached early larvae indicated by arrows; D, late larvae; E–F, dorsal lips (indicated by arrows), dorsal view; G. dorsal lips (indicated by arrows), frontal view of peristomium (ventral lips and radioles removed); H, superior group of thoracic notochaetae; I, thoracic uncinus; J, abdominal uncinus; K, oocytes; L, spermatozoa. A–K, Paratypes EMU–ICML–10034/10035. Abbreviations: vlventral lappets, vsc—ventral shield of collar. Scale bars: A, 0.5 mm; B, E–G, 0.25 mm; C–D, 100 µm; H, 20µm; I–J, 5µm; K, not scaled, 40X; L, not scaled, 100X.
FIGURE 2 in Aracia sinaloae sp. n., a new brooding, simultaneous hermaphroditic fan worm from southern Gulf of California (Polychaeta: Sabellidae)
FIGURE 2. Body structures of Aracia sinaloae sp. n. A, Adult, dorsal view; B, juvenile, dorsal view; C, branchial crown of mature specimen, lateral view; D, cocoon; E, detail of embryos; F, larva; G, collar, dorsal view; H, collar, ventral view, midventral patch of cilia as indicated by arrow. A–H, Paratypes UAA–M142B, M145C mounted for SEM. Abbreviations: apranterior peristomial ring, fg—faecal groove, vsc—ventral shield of collar. White arrow in F: neurotroch, black arrow: prototroch. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B–D, 200 µm; E, G–H, 100 µm; F, 20 µm.
FIGURE 1 in Aracia sinaloae sp. n., a new brooding, simultaneous hermaphroditic fan worm from southern Gulf of California (Polychaeta: Sabellidae)
FIGURE 1. Aracia sinaloae sp. n., live colour. A, Entire body, dorsal view, showing distribution of oocytes and sperm; B, as A, arrow indicates cocoon; C, thorax and anterior abdomen showing oocytes through body wall as indicated by arrow; D, detail of collar and base of branchial crown, dorsal view; E, cocoon attached to dorsal-most radiolar pair; F, collar and base of branchial crown, lateral view, showing peristomial eye as indicated by arrow. A–F, Holotype MCZ–20145. Scale bars: A–B, 1 mm; C–D, F, 0.5 mm; E, 0.8 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Aracia sinaloae sp. n., a new brooding, simultaneous hermaphroditic fan worm from southern Gulf of California (Polychaeta: Sabellidae)
FIGURE 3. Chaetae and uncini of Aracia sinaloae sp. n. A, Thoracic chaetigers (1: chaetiger 1, 2: chaetiger 2, 3: chaetiger 3); B, thoracic chaetae; C, paleate chaetae; D, thoracic, narrowly hooded chaetae; E, thoracic uncini and companion chaetae; F, abdominal noto- and neurochaetae; G, abdominal neurochaetae; H–I, abdominal uncini. A–I, Paratypes UAA–M147A mounted for SEM. Scale bars: A, 50 µm; B, D, 20 µm; C, E–H, 10 µm; I, 5 µm.
Figure 6 in Protandric simultaneous hermaphroditism in Salmoneus carvachoi Anker, 2007 (Decapoda: Alpheidae): a new sexual system in alpheid shrimps
Figure 6. Pleopodal characteristics of Salmoneus carvachoi* A, gross morphology of the second pleopod showing the appendio interna and appendio masculina on the endopod* Both endopod and exopod are on the protopod* B, general view of the endopod with appendio interna and appendio masculina* Notice the plumose setae on the inner margin of the endopod (arrow)* C, long appendio interna* D, detail of the hooked-like cincinnuli on the appendio interna* E, dorsal view of the appendio interna and appendio masculina apex* F, detail of appendio masculina showing one smooth face while the other is sclerotized and with strong socket-like spines* G, detail of the longest apical spine of the appendio masculina* Notice the margin of the socket (arrow)* H, first pleopod of an ovigerous hermaphrodite individual with the ovigerous setae (arrow)* I, second pleopod of a non-ovigerous hermaphrodite individual with ovigerous setae* J, third pleopod of a male phase individual without the ovigerous setae* K, detail of long and thin filiform ovigerous setae (arrow)* AI, appendio interna; AM, appendio masculina; CI, cincinnuli; EN, endopod; EX, exopod; PR, protopod; 1st, first pleopod; 2nd, second pleopod; 3rd, third pleopod*
Figure 7 in Protandric simultaneous hermaphroditism in Salmoneus carvachoi Anker, 2007 (Decapoda: Alpheidae): a new sexual system in alpheid shrimps
Figure 7. Gonopores of Salmoneus carvachoi* SEM external morphology* A, ventral view of a male phase shrimp with distal segments of the pereiopods were removed* B, general view of the shallow and flat sternum (asterisks) related to pereiopod I–V coxae* Notice the male gonopore (arrow)* C, absence of the female gonopore on third pereiopod coxa (arrowhead)* D, fifth pereiopod coxa with the male gonopore covered with partial ejaculated spermatophore* E, view of the shallow and flat hermaphrodite phase sternum (asterisks)* The male (arrow) and female (arrow heads) gonopores are noticed* F, G, detail of right and left female gonopore as a simple curved slit with valve-like operculum (arrow)* The female gonopore is surrounded with simple short filiform setae* H, male gonopore of a hermaphrodite phase individual* The protruding operculated (arrow) gonopore is in mid-basal coxa* I, hermaphrodite male gonopore with partially ejaculated spermatophore* J, SEM of the spermatozoa with the acrosomal vesicle showing a long spike and acrosomal cap above the main body with concave nucleus* I–V, first to fifth pereiopod* AC, acrosomal cap; AV, acrosomal vesicle FG, female gonopore; MG, male gonopore; N, nucleus; S, setae; SK, spike; SP, spermatophore; SZ, spermatozoon*
Figure 4 in Protandric simultaneous hermaphroditism in Salmoneus carvachoi Anker, 2007 (Decapoda: Alpheidae): a new sexual system in alpheid shrimps
Figure 4. Transition between male and female reproductive system of Salmoneus carvachoi* A, gross morphology of the distal vas deferens region (DVD)* Slight dilated ampoule shows the androgenic gland (arrow)* B, detail of the androgenic gland from a hermaphrodite phase individual positioned in the same place as the male phase individuals* C, light microscopy of DVD slightly wider than the MVD* D, electron micrograph of DVD with the typhlosole as a discrete salient fold on one side of the vas deferens* E, histochemical aspect of DVD seminal fluid with the secretion type I without acid polysaccharides as well the globular compound of the secretion type II (white arrow)* The homogeneous compound of secretion type II is reactive to Alcian blue stain (black arrow)* F, fractured DVD showing the small amount of seminal fluid with spermatozoa immersed in the secretion type I surrounded by the secretion type II (arrow)* G, detail of the spermatozoon with tack morphology and a long spike* The secretion type I shows small granules, thin fibrils and some larger droplets (arrow)* H, thick musculature of the ampoule with many muscular fibres* The primordial spermatophore shows small amount of seminal fluid of the secretion type I and is surrounded by a thin layer of secretion type II (arrow)* I, male phase individual showing ovaries and testes forming the ovotestes, surrounded by blood capillaries (arrow)* The ovaries are filled with oogonia forming the germinal centre at the inner periphery of the ovarian lobe close the testes* The primary oocytes occupy the rest of the lobule while the spermatogenesis is still producing spermatozoa (arrowhead)* J, detail of the oogonia and primary oocytes arrested in the previtellogenic stage surrounded by follicle cells (black arrowhead)* Notice primary spermatocytes and spermatozoa (white arrowhead) in the testes* K, primordial ovaries found in male phase individuals* The ovarian wall cells are arranged in different strata around the ovary lumen forming a mandibulate type ovary* Detail of the ovarian wall cells showing long microvilli (arrowhead)* These cells are laying on the connective tissue shared with the testes* I–L, haematoxylin and eosin stain* M, ovarian wall cells with nucleus with mitotic prophase chromosome (arrow heads)* Toluidine blue stain* A *
Figure 2 in Protandric simultaneous hermaphroditism in Salmoneus carvachoi Anker, 2007 (Decapoda: Alpheidae): a new sexual system in alpheid shrimps
Figure 2. Male reproductive system of Salmoneus carvachoi* A, general view showing the small testes (TE) and thin vasa deferentia (VD)* B, detail of the testes (TE) showing the lobular anatomy* Each lobule depicts 'Y-shaped' morphology* C, histology of the testes (TE) classified as lobular (acinous) type with each lobule (SL) filled with cells in the same stage of spermatogenesis* The spermatozoa (arrow) are released into seminiferous duct connected to the proximal vas deferens (PVDa)* Haematoxylin and eosin stain* D, detail of the seminiferous lobules (SL) filled with primary spermatocytes and another with metaphasic plates and anaphasis of meiosis I (arrow heads)* Each lobule is surrounded with accessory cells* Haematoxylin and eosin stain* E, F, longitudinal and transversal section, respectively, of the spermatozoon showing the spike (white arrowhead) and the acrosomal cap more basophilic (black arrowhead) above the nucleus* Haematoxylin and eosin stain* Scale bar = 4 um* G, spermatozoon reactive to proteins in the spike (white arrowhead) and strongly positive at the acrosomal cap (black arrowhead)* Xylidine ponceau stain* Scale bar = 4 um* H, absence of reaction to neutral polysaccharides in the spermatozoon* PAS stain* Scale bar = 4 um* I, ultrastructure of the testes and its continuity with the PVD* The anterior part of PVD running from the testes above the vas deferens and emerge at the centre of the coiled structure that compose the main part of PVD region which opens in the straight medium vas deferens (MVD)* J, detail of the PVD showing the anterior part emerging from the centre, whereas the distal part is coiled and showing the flap of typhlosole (arrow)* K, light microscopy of PVD with the anterior part filled with spermatozoa immersed in basophilic secretion* In the coiled posterior part of the PVD the sperm mass is packed against one side of the lumen in opposition to typhlosole (arrow)* Haematoxylin and eosin stain* AC, accessory (Sertoli) cell; EP, epithelium; L, testes lobule; MVD, medium vas deferens region; PVD, proximal vas deferens region; PVDa, anterior part of proximal vas deferens; PVDp, posterior part of proximal vas deferens; SCI, primary spermatocytes in meiotic prophase; SL, seminiferous lobules; T, typhlosole; TE, testes; VD, vas deferens*
Figure 5 in Protandric simultaneous hermaphroditism in Salmoneus carvachoi Anker, 2007 (Decapoda: Alpheidae): a new sexual system in alpheid shrimps
Figure 5. Female reproductive system of a hermaphrodite individual of Salmoneus carvachoi* A, general view of ovotestes showing the small testes and thin vasa deferentia compared to the ovarian portion* The ovaries are organized in two lobes that grow anteriorly while the oviducts are positioned more posteriorly* B, light microscopy of the ovotestes* The female portion is voluminous showing vitellogenic oocytes surrounded with follicle cells* Notice the oviducts are in a more posterior position* The small male part is posterior and marked by the coiled proximal vas deferens* Haematoxylin and eosin stain* C, detail of ovotestes' connective tissue shared by the ovarian portion and testes portion (black arrow)* The anterior part of the proximal vas deferens is filled with spermatozoa* The ovaries have oocytes in both exogenous and endogenous vitellogenesis* Haematoxylin and eosin stain* D, SEM of the ovarian lobes showing the germinal centre as an inner shaft of small cells in each lobule at the mid-dorsal region of the cephalothorax (arrow)* The large vitellogenic oocytes are externally positioned in the lobe* E, detail of the germinal centre and connective tissue with many fenestrations (arrowheads)* F, vitellogenic oocytes with blood capillaries with haemocytes inside (arrowhead)* Notice in a fractured area the oolemma (white arrow) and the cells surface of the follicle cell (black arrow)* G, detail of ovarian follicle surface (arrow) and the haemocyte in the blood capillary (arrowhead)* H, endogenous vitellogenesis oocyte with small cytoplasm vesicles reactive to neutral polysaccharides and a few lipid droplets* The exogenous vitellogenic oocytes show mature yolk granules also positive to PAS stain* I, histology of the germinal centre with oogonia and their chromosomes in mitotic prophase* The pre-vitellogenenic oocyte has homogeneous basophilic cytoplasm* The ovaries show blood capillaries with haemocytes (arrow)* J, positive reaction for proteins in the yolk granules (arrow) in a mature oocyte also filled with numerous lipid droplets* The previtellogenic oocytes have homogeneous reaction in the cytoplasm* K, detail of the closed oviduct–ovary region (white arrow)* The oviduct is a simple cubic epithelium with closed lumen (black arrow)* Notice the numerous haemocytes in the blood capillary* C, capillary; CT, connective tissue; EO, Endogenous vitellogenic primary oocyte F, follicle cell; GC, germinal centre; HE, hemocyte; LI, lipid droplet; OC, exogenous vitellogenic primary oocyte; OD, oviduct; OF, ovarian follicle; OL, ovarian lobe; OO, oogonia; OT, ovotestes; OV, ovary; PO, previtellogenic oocyte; PVD, proximal vas deferens; TE, testes; VD, vas deferens*
Figure 1 in Protandric simultaneous hermaphroditism in Salmoneus carvachoi Anker, 2007 (Decapoda: Alpheidae): a new sexual system in alpheid shrimps
Figure 1. Populational characterization of Salmoneus carvachoi* A, frequency of distribution in size classes (carapace length) in male-phase and hermaphrodite shrimps* B, relative growth of the appendio masculina length as a function of carapace length in male-phase and hermaphrodite shrimps*
Figure 3 in Protandric simultaneous hermaphroditism in Salmoneus carvachoi Anker, 2007 (Decapoda: Alpheidae): a new sexual system in alpheid shrimps
Figure 3. Male reproductive system of Salmoneus carvachoi* A, B, detail of the PVD showing the lumen of anterior part completely filled with spermatozoa immersed in the basophilic secretion type I* In the posterior part of the PVD the spermatozoa are packed at the opposition side of the typhlosole, which is salient to the PVD tube* The typhlosole epithelium is columnar and different of the rest the posterior part epithelium, which is smooth* The typhlosole produces a secretion type II (black arrow) more basophilic and an unstained material (white arrow) promoting the sperm mass formation* A, haematoxylin and eosin; B, xylinine ponceau stain* C–F, the secretion type I is reactive to proteins, weak positive to neutral polysaccharides and negative to acid ones* On the other hand, the secretion type two depicts two compounds a globular (white arrow), positive to proteins and neutral polysaccharides without acid ones while a homogeneous compound (black arrow) in contact to secretion type I is reactive to both polysaccharides neutral and acids* C, Xylidine ponceau stain; D, PAS stain; E, F, Alcian blue stain* G, ultrastructure of medium vas deferens (MVD) showing the typhlosole salient but more discrete than found in proximal region of vas deferens* H* Under light microscopy, the MVD exhibits a typhlosole formed by a columnar epithelium on a well-developed musculature sheet* Secretion type I is proteinaceous and occupies a significant portion of the lumen* Secretion type II also displays a protein reaction* The globular components (white arrow) appear to fuse together (black arrow) to form a thin layer* The globular secretion seems to fuse and form the external layer of the spermatophore at the opposite side of the typhlosole* Xylidine ponceau stain* EP, epithelium; L, testes lobule; M, musculature; MVD, medium vas deferens region; N, nucleus; PVDa, anterior part of proximal vas deferens; PVDp, posterior part of proximal vas deferens; SI, secretion type I; SII, secretion type II; T, typhlosole*
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