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47 results for “surface characterization”
Geochemical Characterizations for Identifying Fugitive Dust Deposition and Enrichment of Surface and Subsurface Subalpine Soils from Phosphorus Mining, Eastern Ashley National Forest, Utah, 2022-2023.
Phosphorus is a non-renewable resource essential for all life. Anthropogenic alterations to the phosphorus cycle have led to widespread phosphorus pollution, and the unsustainable management of P has led to the threat of global depletion of phosphorus resources. Thus, accounting for the natural and anthropogenic flow paths of phosphorus is essential for its conservation and pollution reduction. One such source of human alteration to the phosphorus-cycle is phosphate rock mining. Mining, however, has many adverse environmental effects, including widespread fugitive dust emissions. Dust collection in the Ashley National Forest of northeastern Utah, proximate to a surface phosphorus mine, has shown phosphorus concentrations in dust more than four times that of other regional samples. Elevated phosphorus in dust near active surface mining suggests that mining emissions may alter the natural phosphorus loading of the soils in the National Forest through dust deposition; however, no research has been done to identify the abundance and range of mine-attributable phosphorus enrichment in the soils surrounding phosphate mining activities. The combined geospatial and geochemical approach of this study shows that surface soil phosphorus concentrations were found to be enriched above naturally occurring levels up to 6.5 km from mining activity (enrichment factor > 1.5), with the most significant enrichment occurring within the first 3 km (enrichment factor > 2). On average, surface phosphorus concentrations were significantly enriched by 25% within 6.5 km of phosphorus mining activity. Observed phosphorus enrichment was positively correlated with the presence of fluorapatite in the soil, which is the primary phosphorus-mineral extracted from the nearby mine. Further, bioavailable phosphorus concentrations were also higher for the soils that were enriched in phosphorus. This study shows that fugitive emissions associated with the surface mining of phosphate rock are a significan
LAGOS-US NETWORKS v1.0: Data module of surface water networks characterizing connections among lakes, streams, and rivers in the conterminous U.S
Knowing the degree of surface water connectivity among aquatic ecosystems can help scientists better understand and predict the movement of materials and biota across ecosystems. Methods to quantify surface water networks that include lake and stream connections at broad spatial scales are rare because it is difficult to balance accurate estimates of surface water connectivity and computational challenges. The LAGOS-US NETWORKS (NETS) module contains surface connectivity metrics for lake networks across the conterminous United States. We applied a graph theory approach to identify lake networks (i.e. a set of lakes connected by streams either upstream, downstream, or both) created from the medium resolution NHD lakes, streams, and rivers and subsequently derive surface water connectivity metrics for lakes and networks. Using this approach, we created a total of 898 networks that include 86,511 lakes. The NETS module includes a table with metrics for connections between lakes (both upstream and downstream), dams, network position, and whole networks. NETS also includes a flow table and bidirectional and unidirectional distance tables that provide the distances between every pair of connected lakes.
Characterization of different surface materials and their antifouling activity
<p>The long-term performance of five surface materials - glass, perspex, polystyrene, epoxy-coated glass, and a silicone hydrogel coating - in inhibiting biofilm formation by cyanobacteria was evaluated concerning biofilm cell number, wet weight, chlorophyll a content, and biofilm thickness. In order to obtain more insight into the effect of surface properties on biofilm formation, they were characterized concerning their hydrophobicity and roughness.</p>
Input and output data (images + boulder labels, model setup, model weights and more) for the manuscript "Automatic characterization of boulders on planetary surfaces from high-resolution satellite images"
<p><strong>File 1:</strong> raw_data_BOULDERING.zip</p> <p><strong>Size:</strong> 8.8 GB</p> <p><strong>Summary: </strong>It contains all of the rasters (planetary images) and labeled boulders (raw data):</p> <ul> <li> <p>a boulder-mapping file, which is the manually digitized outline of boulders.</p> </li> <li> <p>a ROM file (stands for Region of Mapping), which depicts the image patches on which the boulder mapping has been conducted.</p> </li> <li> <p>a global-tiles file, which shows all of the image patches within a raster.</p> </li> </ul> <p>There are multiple locations/images per planetary body.</p> <p><strong>Structure:</strong></p> <pre>. └── raw_data/ ├── earth/ │ └── image_name/ │ ├── shp/ │ │ ├── <image_name>-ROM.shp │ │ ├── <image_name>-boulder-mapping.shp │ │ └── <image_name>-global-tiles.shp │ └── raster/ │ └── <image_name>.tif ├── mars/ │ └── image_name/ │ ├── shp/ │ │ ├── <image_name>-ROM.shp │ │ ├── <image_name>-boulder-mapping.shp │ │ └── <image_name>-global-tiles.shp │ └── raster/ │ └── <image_name>.tif └── moon/ └── image_name/ ├── shp/ │ ├── <image_name>-ROM.shp │ ├── <image_name>-boulder-mapping.shp │ └── <image_name>-global-tiles.shp └── raster/ └── <image_name>.tif</pre> <p> </p> <p><strong>File 2:</strong> best_model.zip</p> <p><strong>Size:</strong> 624.7 MB</p> <p><strong>Summary:</strong></p> <p>This zip file contains all of the inputs and outputs required/obtained from the training of the BoulderNet Mask R-CNN model (model setup, augmentation pipeline, model weights, log during training, logged metrics):</p> <ul> <li> <p>augmentation_pipeline.json (required as inputs for the training of the algorithm to apply augmentations). See <a href="https://github.com/astroNils">https://github.com/astroNils</a> and the MLtools repository for more information.</p> </li> </ul> <ul> <li> <p>Base-RCNN-FPN.yaml (base model setup file).</p> </li> <li> <p>config.yaml (complete model setup file, merge of the base and Mars-Moon-Earth setup file).</p> </li> <li> <p>Mars-MoonEarth-v050...yaml (model setup file).</p> </li> <li> <p>log.txt (log during training of the algorithm).</p> </li> <li> <p>model_0055999.pth (model weights at second last saving step)</p> </li> <li> <p>model_0063999.pth (model weights at last saving step)</p> </li> </ul> <p>We advice the use of model weights model_0055999.pth (to avoid slight overfitting).</p> <p><strong>File 3:</strong> Apr2023-Mars-Moon-Earth-mask-5px.zip (pre-processed input images)</p> <p><strong>Size:</strong> 252.8 MB</p> <p><strong>Summary:</strong></p> <p>This zip files contains the input data (images and boulder outlines) for the train, validation and test datasets. See <a href="https://github.com/astroNils">https://github.com/astroNils</a> and the MLtools repository for more information in how-to-use the different files.</p> <ul> <li> <p>The json folder contains json files that can be given as input (as a custom dataset) to the Detectron2 platform. The only differences between the two files is how the bounding boxes around masks have been generated. We advised to use "Apr2023-Mars-Moon-Earth-mask-5px.json".</p> </li> <li> <p>The pkl folder and pickle file includes some informations about the 950 image patches in our boulder dataset.</p> </li> <li> <p>The pre-processing folder contains all of the training, validation and test image patches and corresponding shapefiles.</p> </li> <li> <p>The shapefile folder is actually empty (it should not be there!).</p> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Structure:</strong></p> <pre>. └── preprocessed_inputs/ ├── json ├── pkl ├── preprocessing/ │ ├── train/ │ │ ├── images │ │ └── labels │ ├── validation/ │ │ ├── images │ │ └── labels │ └── test/ │ ├── images │ └── labels └── shp</pre> <p> </p>
Characterization and effect of biomimetic surfaces based on the topography of a self-cleaning leaf on bacterial binding
<p>Four self-cleaning leaves (Tenderheart, Cauliflower, White cabbage, and Leek) and the corresponding biomimetic surfaces were analyzed for their properties (water contact angle, surface hydrophobicity and roughness). The antifouling behavior was assessed by bacterial attachment, adhesion, and retention assays.</p>
Surface measurement data of polished LTCC: Characterization of pores in polished low temperature co-fired glass-ceramic composites for optimization of their micromachining
<p>Pores are intrinsic defects of ceramic composites and influence their functional properties significantly. Their characterization is therefore a pivotal task in material and process optimization. It is demonstrated that polished section analysis allows for obtaining precise information on pore size, shape, area fraction, and homogeneous distribution. It is proven that laser scanning microscopy provides accurate height maps and is thus an appropriate technique for assessing surface features. Such data is used to compare areas with good and poor polishing results, and various surface parameters are evaluated in terms of their informative value and data processing effort. The material under investigation is a low-temperature co-fired ceramic composite. Through statistical analysis of the data, the inclination angle was identified as an appropriate parameter to describe the polishing result. By using masked data, direct conclusions can be drawn about the leveling of load-bearing surface areas, which are crucial in photolithographic processing steps and bonding technology. A broad discussion of different defects based on the results contributes to a critical analysis of the potentials and obstacles of micromachining of low-temperature cofired ceramic substrates.</p>
Characterizing ground and surface fuels across Sierra Nevada forests shortly after the 2012–2016 drought
<p>These files include the main processed data and R script used in the analysis for the publication <strong>Characterizing ground and surface fuels across Sierra Nevada forests </strong><strong>shortly after the 2012</strong>–<strong>2016 drought </strong>accepted in the journal Forest Ecology and Management.</p> <p><strong>Abtract</strong></p> <p>The 2012–2016 hotter drought in the Sierra Nevada, California, USA led to the mortality of millions of trees. This disruption to the disturbance regime is an example of how climate extremes can exacerbate current and future wildfire risks. In this study, we used data from an extensive network of forest plots across 13 different sites in the Sierra Nevada to characterize ground (i.e., duff) and surface fuels and their potential drivers shortly after the drought (2016–2018), but before snag (standing dead tree) fall associated with this massive tree mortality event occurred. Overall, we found high biomass of fuels for most sites (138.2 ± 21.7 Mg ha-1, Mean ± 95% CI), especially in areas lacking recent fire or active management, with values up to five times higher than estimates for pre-settlement conditions for mixed-conifer forests in the region. Four major groups of forest overstory structure were identified with some distinct fuel characteristics. These ranged from a cluster of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson)-dominated plots with the highest density of snags, lowest live tree basal area, and lowest total ground and surface fuel biomass (mean = 90.1 Mg ha-1) to a group of giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl.) J. Buchholz)-dominated plots with the highest live tree basal area and highest total fuel biomass (mean = 547.6 Mg ha-1). Although we found relatively weak relationships between forest characteristics and fuel loads, their inclusion in a model selection framework that also considered biophysical variables and disturbance history explained more than 80% of the observed variation in litter + fine woody debris loads. The baseline fuel conditions described here will not only inform the management of drought-impacted forests in the Sierra Nevada, but also help identify key drivers of fuel succession in a changing environment. </p>
Maneuverability Characterization of Autonomous Surface Vehicle (ASV): ITTC zig-zag test dataset
<p>The two files refer to the same dataset: the .csv file is the raw format that is acquired by the ASV robotic platform. The .nc file contains the same data but in a standard format and with global and variable metadata generated using a standardization workflow (based on FAIR Principles) developed at CNR INM which uses controlled and standard vocabularies (ACDD and standard CF).</p> <p>The data refer to the execution of zig-zag maneuvers of the ASV following the ITTC standards</p>
Surface measurement data of polished LTCC: Characterization of pores in polished low temperature co-fired glass-ceramic composites for optimization of their micromachining
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Surface appearance assessment as a tool for characterizing silver tarnishing
<p>A video presentation of the poster with same title.</p> <p>Abstract of poster: The aim of this study is to create a methodological approach based on imaging techniques and computer vision that can be used as a tool for the characterization of silver tarnish and the presence of fingerprints on silver museum objects. To this extend, material properties of artificially tarnished silver coupons were examined, with the aim to classify the degree of tarnish and to detect fingerprints. Surface alterations were assessed using visual inspection, colorimetry, gloss measurements and monochromatic Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI). For the chemical characterization Scanning Electron Microscopy equipped with Energy Dispersive X-rays Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and Linear Scanning Voltammetry (LSV) was implemented.</p>
Scan tiles obtained through Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy for roughness characterization of surfaces
<p>The Data includes all the original data collected from individual scan tiles of both quartz and glass surfaces using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. The techniques used for merging scan tiles linearly, as well as the procedures for data processing and analysis, are detailed in the methods and results sections of this manuscript. A sperate methods section include along with data files also describe the details of the Image acquisition, preprocessing, and tiling methodology.</p>
Characterization of Wetting Properties of Magnetoactive Elastomer Surfaces
<p>Data for the Figures in Characterization of Wetting Properties of Magnetoactive Elastomer Surfaces</p> <p>https://doi.org/10.1115/SMASIS2023-110998 </p>
Flow Cytometry Data from "Bacterial cell surface characterization by phage display coupled to high-throughput sequencing"
<p>This record contains the flow cytometry data from the manuscript "Bacterial cell surface characterization by phage display coupled to high-throughput sequencing."</p> <p>Files are in <a href="https://docs.flowjo.com/flowjo/advanced-features/fj-acs/">Archive Cytometry Standard (ACS) format</a> . Each <code>.acs</code> file is a zip container which holds both the raw <code>.fcs</code> files and a FlowJo workspace (<code>.wsp</code>) file.</p> <p>Keywords in the workspace file identify which primary antibody (<code>primary</code>) was used and which cell genotype (<code>strain</code>) was used for each sample. The workspace also encodes the gating scheme and compensation matrix applied to each sample. Plots in the manuscript are exported from Layout views in the workspace.</p>
Mode characterization and sensitivity evaluation of an ultra-high-frequency surface acoustic wave (UHF-SAW) resonator biosensor: application to the glial-fibrillary-acidic-protein (GFAP) biomarker detection
<p>Biosensors detect specific bio-analytes by generating a measurable signal from the interaction between the sensing element and the target molecule. Surface acoustic wave (SAW) biosensors offer unique advantages due to their high sensitivity, real-time response capability, and label-free detection. The typical SAW modes are the Rayleigh mode and the shear-horizontal mode. Both present pros and cons for biosensing applications and generally need different substrates and device geometries to be efficiently generated. This study investigates and characterizes ultra-high-frequency (UHF-) SAW resonator biosensors. It reveals the simultaneous presence of the two typical SAW modes, clearly separated in frequency, called slow and fast. The two modes are studied by numerical simulations and biosensing experiments with the glial-fibrillary-acidic-protein (GFAP) biomarker. The slow mode is generally more sensitive to changes in surface properties, such as temperature and mass changes, by a factor of about 1.4 with respect to the fast mode.</p>
Surface state evolution induced by magnetic order in axion insulator candidate EuIn2As2 - sample characterization
<p>Crystal-chemical characterization data of single crystals used in the work</p> <p>M.Gong, D.Sar, J.Friedman, D.Kaczorowski, S.Abdel Razek, W.-C.Lee, and P.Aynajian, "Electronic surface states across the magnetic transition in the axion insulator candidate EuIn<sub>2</sub>As<sub>2</sub>", <em>Phys. Rev. B</em> 106 (2022) 125156 </p> <p>DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.106.125156</p>
Dynamic snow surface aerodynamic roughness lengths (z0) characterized by snow depths using LIDAR
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Development and Characterization of Electrodes for Surface-Specific Attenuated Total Reflection Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroelectrochemistry
<p>These files contain the data presented in the research article:</p><p>Development and Characterization of Electrodes for Surface-Specific Attenuated Total Reflection Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroelectrochemistry</p><p>Melissa Bodine, Vepa Rozyyev, Jeffrey W. Elam, Andrei Tokmakoff and Nicholas H. C. Lewis</p><p>J. Phys. Chem. C, (2023)</p>
Surface Characterization and Anti-Biofilm Effectiveness of Hybrid Films of Polyurethane Functionalized with Saponite and Phloxine B
<p>The main objective of this work was to synthesize composites of polyurethane (PU) with organoclays (OC) exhibiting antimicrobial properties. Layered silicate (saponite) was modified with octadecyltrimethylammonium cations (ODTMA) and functionalized with phloxine B (PhB) and used as a filler in the composites. A unique property of composite materials is the increased concentration of modifier particles on the surface of the composite membranes. Materials of different compositions were tested and investigated using physico-chemical methods, such as infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, contact angle measurements, absorption, and fluorescence spectroscopy in the visible region. The composition of an optimal material was as follows: n<sub>ODTMA</sub>/m<sub>Sap</sub> = 0.8 mmol g<sup>−1</sup> and n<sub>PhB</sub>/m<sub>Sap</sub> = 0.1 mmol g<sup>−1</sup>. Only about 1.5% of present PhB was released in a cultivation medium for bacteria within 24 h, which proved good stability of the composite. Anti-biofilm properties of the composite membranes were proven in experiments with resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The composites without PhB reduced the biofilm growth 100-fold compared to the control sample (non-modified PU). The composite containing PhB in combination with the photodynamic inactivation (PDI) reduced cell growth by about 10,000-fold, thus proving the significant photosensitizing effect of the membranes. Cell damage was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. A new method of the synthesis of composite materials presented in this work opens up new possibilities for targeted modification of polymers by focusing on their surfaces. Such composite materials retain the properties of the unmodified polymer inside the matrix and only the surface of the material is changed. Although these unique materials presented in this work are based on PU, the method of surface modification can also be applied to other polymers. Such modified polymers could be useful for various applications in which special surface properties are required, for example, for materials used in medical practice.</p>
Chemical and Structural In-Situ Characterization of Model Electrocatalysts by Combined Infrared Spectroscopy and Surface X-Ray Diffraction
<p>Raw and treated data</p>
Bacterial cell surface characterization by phage display coupled to high-throughput sequencing
<p>This record contains the processed high-throughput sequencing data from the manuscript "Bacterial cell surface characterization by phage display coupled to high-throughput sequencing." Data was generated using the <a href="https://github.com/caseygrun/phage-seq">Snakemake workflows and Jupyter notebooks in this repository</a> and is intended to be analyzed further using the notebooks in that repository</p> <p>Each tarball within this record, when expanded, populates the <code>results</code> and <code>intermediate</code> directories of one of those workflows: <code>alpaca-library</code> ,<code>panning-small</code>, <code>panning-massive</code>, or <code>panning-extended</code>. Clone the <a href="https://github.com/caseygrun/phage-seq"><code>phage-seq</code> repository</a>, then download one or more of these tarballs to the corresponding directory of that directory. For example:</p> <blockquote> <pre><code>git clone https://github.com/caseygrun/phage-seq.git cd panning-extended wget https://zenodo.org/records/11246658/files/panning-extended-results.tar.gz tar vzxf panning-extended-results.tar.gz</code></pre> </blockquote> <p>More detailed instructions are included in the README for the <a href="https://github.com/caseygrun/phage-seq"><code>phage-seq</code> repository</a>.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.