FIGURE 26. Xeropsalta rattrayi n in Two new genera and five new species of Mugadina - like small grass cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadettini) from Central and Eastern Australia: comparative morphology, songs, behaviour and distributions

FIGURE 26. Xeropsalta rattrayi n. sp. Waveform and companion envelope plots (A, B) of a time expanded segment from the extended echeme shown in Fig. 25B (which shows the precise location within the echeme), and Figs. 25C, D, the time expanded termination of a short echeme (shown in detail in Fig. 25D). Figs, 26A, B illustrate three macrosyllables, each with 6 sets of pulse doublets. The strongest amplitude pulses mark the start of each macrosyllable, these, however, grouped into alternating sets of 3 to 4 pulses (see especially Fig. 26B, the numbers above the pulses indicating the number of pulses in each set). The sets of pulses between the high amplitude sets at the start and end of each macrosyllable also show a tendency for alternation between 4 and 3 pulses, although the pulse structures are somewhat blurred and merged. Fig. 26C, D, waveform and envelope plots of the 'inflated' termination of the short echeme as shown in Fig 25 D, with higher amplitude sets of pulses tending to occur at start of each macrosyllable. The pulses between the start and end of each macrosyllables also exhibit an apparent alternation between 4 and 3 pulses. More detailed examination, however, reveals that the '3-pulse' sets do possess weak doublets, the middle pulses containing these doublets clearly of slightly longer duration (0.6–0.7 ms) than the other pulses (0.3–0.5 ms), indicating merging of pulses. The apparent complexity of the pulse structure is, as also seen in X. aridula songs, attributed to the partial and/or complete overlaps between the double pulses. This is seen in the relative lengths of the pulse sets, those with 4 pulse sets of slightly longer durations than the 'apparent' 3-pulse sets. Mean macrosyllable RR's are 117–132 Hz. Unfiltered.