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420 results for “functional distinctiveness”
Fig. 4 in Site directed mutagenesis of Catharanthus roseus (+)-vincadifformine 19-hydroxylase (CYP71BY3) results in two distinct enzymatic functions
Fig. 4. GOLD's highest rated poses for (¡)-tabersonine and (þ)-vincadifformine into the V19H model generated from the 3ruk template with and without increased flexibility in the binding site residues. ()-tabersonine (B) and (+)-vincadifformine (A) best poses are shown in a rigid binding site (top) and a flexible binding site (bottom). The 19C is labelled in both ligands (arrows), and neither ligand is docked in the correct orientation for oxidation in a rigid binding site (top. However, in a flexible binding site, (+)-vincadifformine is in the correct orientation for 19C oxidation (bottom; B), whereas ()-tabersonine is not (bottom; A). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 5 in Site directed mutagenesis of Catharanthus roseus (+)-vincadifformine 19-hydroxylase (CYP71BY3) results in two distinct enzymatic functions
Fig. 5. The four residues in the V19H (left) and T3O (right) binding sites that were predicted to affect the opposite enantioselectivity of these highly homologous enzymes using models created on the 3ruk template. Residues shown in the V19H pocket are K106, S312, A376, and F377. Residues shown in the T3O pocket are R105, T311, P375, and L377. The model generated for T19H (3ruk template) looks identical to the T3O pocket, and the correlating residues are R101, T310, P374, and L375.
Fig. 3 in Site directed mutagenesis of Catharanthus roseus (+)-vincadifformine 19-hydroxylase (CYP71BY3) results in two distinct enzymatic functions
Fig. 3. Saturation kinetics of V19H: comparative (þ)-vincadifformine saturation curve in the absence or presence of (¡)-vincadifformine. The rate of (+)-vincadifformine consumption by V19H was reduced in the presence of 3 μM of ()-vincadifformine within the range of 15–20 μM of substrate yet remains unchanged at low and saturated concentrations. Error bars indicate the standard deviation from three technical replicate assays.
Fig. 7. The V19H four-point mutant coupled with T3R in Site directed mutagenesis of Catharanthus roseus (+)-vincadifformine 19-hydroxylase (CYP71BY3) results in two distinct enzymatic functions
Fig. 7. The V19H four-point mutant coupled with T3R converts (¡)-tabersonine to 2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxytabersonine. Traces from in vitro experiments with ()-tabersonine (1) and V19H four-point mutant microsomes or T3O microsomes in the absence or presence of purified recombinant T3R are shown. Yeast microsomes containing the V19H 4-point mutant (red) (V19HL106R–S312T-A376P–F377L) convert ()-tabersonine to tabersonine 2,3-epoxides (5) in the absence of T3R, and to 2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxytabersonine in the presence of T3R. Yeast microsomes containing wild-type T3O (blue) were used as positive controls for tabersonine-2,3-epoxide (5) and 2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxytabersonine biosynthesis in the absence and presence of T3R, respectively. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 2 in Site directed mutagenesis of Catharanthus roseus (+)-vincadifformine 19-hydroxylase (CYP71BY3) results in two distinct enzymatic functions
Fig. 2. Representation of the 3ruk V19H model superimposed onto the 3ruk template and the location of the catalytic heme. V19H model (purple) is shown in purple, and the 3ruk template is shown in pink with the heme binding site in yellow. The H-bond interaction (green) between PHE443 and CYS450, the first and eighth residues of the heme binding site, which is responsible for the beta bulge (yellow) around the heme cofactor (black). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 1 in Site directed mutagenesis of Catharanthus roseus (+)-vincadifformine 19-hydroxylase (CYP71BY3) results in two distinct enzymatic functions
Fig. 1. The formation of (þ)- and (¡)-aspidosperma MIAs in Catharanthus roseus. In multiple C. roseus tissues, the ()-aspidosperma pathways begin with the biosynthesis of ()-tabersonine (1) from O-acetylstemmadenine (18) through acetylstemmadenine oxygenase (ASO), geissoschizine synthase (GS), and hydrolase 1 (HL1), whereas the (+)-aspidosperma pathway requires hydrolase 3 or 4 (HL3/4) to produce (+)-vincadifformine (15). Leaf-specific enzymes (black) convert ()-tabersonine (1) to vindoline (6), which accumulates in the leaves, while root-specific enzymes (purple) are responsible for the formation of two major root alkaloids, lochnericine (7) and h¨orhammericine (8). A third major root alkaloid, (+)-echitovenine (17) is derived from (+)-vincadifformine (15) via (+)-minovincinine (16) by separate root-specific (blue) enzymes. The remaining ()-aspidosperma alkaloids shown are derived chemically (grey box) from ()-tabersonine (1) to generate ()-vincadifformine (12) or enzymatic conversion by T19H to form 19-hydroxytabersonine (10) or its 19-O acetyltabersonine (11) by the action of TAT. These MIAs [()-vincadifformine (12), 19-hydroxytabersonine (10) and 19-O acetyltabersonine (11)] do not naturally accumulate in C. roseus. T16H: tabersonine 16-hydroxylase [CYP71D12 (T16H1) or CYP71D351 (T16H2); 16OMT: tabersonine 16-O-methyltransferase; T3O: tabersonine 3-oxygenase (CYP71D1V2); T3R: tabersonine 3-reductase; NMT: N-methyltransferase; D4H: desacetoxyvindoline 4-hydroxylase; DAT: deacetylvindoline O-acetyltransferase; TEX: tabersonine epoxidase [CYP71D521 (TEX1) or CYP71D347 (TEX2)]; T19H: tabersonine 19-hydroxylase (CYP71BJ1); TAT: tabersonine 19-acetyltranferase; V19H: (+)-vincadifformine 19-hydroxylase (CYP71BY3); MAT: minovincinine 19-O-acetyltransferase. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Data from: Phylogenetic and functional distinctiveness explain alien plant population responses to competition
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Parallel responses of species diversity and functional diversity to changes in patch size are driven by distinct processes
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Data from: On the architecture of mate choice decisions: preference functions and choosiness are distinct traits
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Data and code from: The functional trait distinctiveness of plant species is scale dependent
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Data from: Embryonic and postnatal neurogenesis produce functionally distinct subclasses of dopaminergic neuron
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Data from: How can ten fingers shape a pot? Evidence for equivalent function in culturally distinct motor skills
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Supplementary material 1 from: Vivó-Pons A, Wallin-Kihlberg I, Olsson J, Ljungberg P, Behrens J, Lindegren M (2023) The devil is in the details: exploring how functionally distinct round goby is among native fish in the Baltic Sea. NeoBiota 89: 161-186. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.89.110203
Supplementary information
Data from: Nitrogen enrichment and warming shift community functional composition via distinct mechanisms: the role of intraspecific trait variability and species turnover
<p>1. Global change factors may shift community functional composition by driving species turnover (species occurrence and species relative abundance) and intraspecific trait variability. However, their relative contribution in determining the functional response of community to global change, especially nitrogen enrichment and warming, remains unclear.</p> <p>2. We conducted a fully factorial field experiment in a Tibetan alpine meadow to examine responses of plant community functional composition to nitrogen enrichment and warming by quantifying seven plant functional traits in each plot. Using the sum of squares decomposition, we further disentangled the relative contribution of intraspecific trait variability and species turnover to changes in community functional composition.</p> <p>3. We found that nitrogen enrichment caused a shift of plant community toward a more resource-acquisitive strategy, while warming resulted in a shift toward a more resource-conservative strategy. Plant intraspecific trait variability controls shifts in community functional composition in response to nitrogen enrichment, whereas species turnover (especially change in species relative abundance) mainly explains warming-induced shifts. Nitrogen enrichment and warming did not show significant interactive effects on plant functional composition.</p> <p>4. These findings suggest that nitrogen enrichment and warming can alter community functional composition of alpine meadow through distinct mechanisms. Plant intraspecific trait variability confers functional resilience of Tibetan alpine meadows under nitrogen enrichment, but warming could induce significant turnover of species that pronouncedly impacts community functioning in this highland ecosystem.</p>
Comparative structural insights and functional analysis for the distinct unbound states of Human AGO proteins - Molecular dynamics trajectories and analysis scripts
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Data from: Different-sized grazers have distinctive effects on plant functional composition of an African savannah
Grazing ungulates play a key role in many ecosystems worldwide and can form diverse assemblages, such as in African savannahs. In many of these ecosystems, present-day ungulate communities are impoverished subsets of once diverse assemblages. While we know that excluding all ungulates from grasslands can exert major effects on both the structure and composition of the vegetation, how different individual ungulate species may have contrasting effects on grassland communities remains poorly understood. Here, we performed a long term "Russian doll" grazing exclosure experiment in an African savannah to test for the effects of different size classes of grazers on grassland structure and composition. At five sites, grazer species of decreasing size class (ranging from white rhino to scrub hare) were excluded using four fence types, to experimentally create different realized grazer assemblages. The vegetation structure and the grass functional community composition were characterized in six different years over a 10 year period. Additionally, animal footprints were counted to quantify the abundance of different ungulate species in each treatment. We found that while vegetation height was mostly driven by total grazing pressure of all species together, ungulate community composition best explained the functional community composition of grasses. In the short term, smaller ungulate species ('mesoherbivores') had strongest effects on vegetation composition, by shifting communities towards dominance by species with low specific leaf area and low nutritional value. In the long term, large grazers had stronger but similar effects on the functional composition of the system. Surprisingly, the largest 'mega-herbivore', white rhinoceros, did not have strong effects on the vegetation structure or composition. Synthesis. Our results support the idea that different size classes of grazers have varying effects on the functional composition of grassland plant communities. Therefore, the worldwide decline in the diversity of ungulate species is expected to have (had) major impacts on community composition and functioning of grassland ecosystems, even if total grazing pressure has remained constant, e.g., due to replacement by livestock.
Data from: Heterochromatin Protein 1β (HP1β) has distinct functions and distinct nuclear distribution in pluripotent versus differentiated cells
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In vitro impact of distinct FSH glycosylation variants on FSH receptor-stimulated signal transduction and functional selectivity
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Data from: Different-sized grazers have distinctive effects on plant functional composition of an African savannah
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Data from: Albinism in phylogenetically and geographically distinct populations of Astyanax cavefish arises through the same loss-of-function Oca2 allele
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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