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opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

Source Data for the paper: "The nature of carotenoid S* state and its role in the nonphotochemical quenching of plants"

This dataset contains the raw data for the results shown in the paper.

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Data from: Does egg carotenoid improve larval quality in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)?

Females in mutually ornamented species are often less conspicuously ornamented than their male conspecifics. It has been hypothesized that offspring quality may decrease if females invest more resources into ornaments at the expense of resources in eggs. An experiment was carried out to test whether natural variation in carotenoid in the eggs from a wild population of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) was associated with survival and growth of their offspring until hatching. Wild Arctic charr were caught at a spawning ground during the spawning period. Eggs from two different females, one female with yellowish carotenoid-rich eggs and one with paler eggs, were fertilized by sperm from the same male. This was repeated until gametes were collected from 42 females and 21 males, giving a total of 21 groups. After fertilization, the zygotes from each of the two females were reared in four replicated groups. These 168 groups were reared separately until hatching when the surviving larvae were counted and their body length measured. For the two response variables survival and body length at hatching, no effect was demonstrated of any of the predictors (i) amount of carotenoid in the unfertilized eggs, (ii) the mothers' body condition or (iii) ornament intensity of their red carotenoid-based abdominal ornament. Thus, this study gives no support for the hypothesis that females investing less carotenoid into their eggs suffer from decreased offspring quality until hatching. This lack of association between female ornament intensity and their fitness is not as expected if female ornaments evolved due to direct sexual selection from males on the more ornamented females ("direct selection hypothesis").

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2024View details →

Economic analysis for the production of gelatine and hydrolyzed collagen from fish by-products and carotenoids, coffee oil and polyphenols from spent coffee grounds

The most relevant economic data of the processes were considered in a cost-benefit analysis for the production of gelatine and hydrolyzed collagen from fish by-products and carotenoids, coffee oil and polyphenols from spent coffee grounds in the Pilot 1 of WaysTUP! project.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

Supporting data for "Reengineering of a Carotenoid-binding Protein Based on NMR Structure"

List of PDB codes used for MPNN benchmarking, parameters for AXT simulations, molecular dynamics trajectories and domain swapping predictions.

Fig. 6 in Gene identification using RNA-seq in two sweetpotato genotypes and the use of mining to analyze carotenoid biosynthesis

Fig. 6. qRT-PCR analysis of the selected genes associated with carotenoid and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis pathways. Roots, stems and leaves were collected, and the total RNAs was extracted, respectively, pooled and used in qRT-PCR analysis of the genes FDPS, PSY, HMGCR, HMGCS1, CRTISO and HDR. Relative expression levels were calculated using the 2−ΔΔCt method, with actin as an internal control.

Fig. 4 in Gene identification using RNA-seq in two sweetpotato genotypes and the use of mining to analyze carotenoid biosynthesis

Fig. 4. Distribution and frequency of the EST-SSRs in the sweetpotato transcriptome. The y-axis shows the SSR motif, and the x-axis shows the number of the motif.

Fig. 2 in Gene identification using RNA-seq in two sweetpotato genotypes and the use of mining to analyze carotenoid biosynthesis

Fig. 2. KEGG classifications of the sweetpotato unigenes. The y-axis shows the KEGG metabolic pathway names, and the x-axis shows the number and proportion of genes associated with the pathways. The genes were divided into five branches according to involvement in the following KEGG pathways: Cellular Processes (A), Environmental Information Processing (B), Genetic Information Processing (C), Metabolism (D), and Organismal Systems (E).

Fig. 1. Sweetpotato cultivars Zhengshu 20 and Luoxushu 8 in Gene identification using RNA-seq in two sweetpotato genotypes and the use of mining to analyze carotenoid biosynthesis

Fig. 1. Sweetpotato cultivars Zhengshu 20 and Luoxushu 8. The tuberous roots were transected, and the carotene content of Zhengshu 20 and Luoxushu 8 is shown.

Fig. 5 in Gene identification using RNA-seq in two sweetpotato genotypes and the use of mining to analyze carotenoid biosynthesis

Fig. 5. KEGG pathway enrichment scatter plot of the up-regulated genes between Zhengshu 20 and Luoxushu 8. The y-axis shows the pathway name, and the x-axis shows the richness factor of the pathway. The colors indicate the q-values; the smaller the q-value, the redder the color and the sizes of the point represent differences in the expression of the gene number in each pathway.

Fig. 3 in Gene identification using RNA-seq in two sweetpotato genotypes and the use of mining to analyze carotenoid biosynthesis

Fig. 3. Gene ontology (GO) classification of the assembled in vitro tissue transcripts. The results of the following three main GO categories are summarized: biological process, cellular component, and molecular function. The y-axis shows the total number of genes in each category.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

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Data from: Consumption of carotenoids not increased by bacterial infection in brown trout embryos (Salmo trutta)

Carotenoids are organic pigment molecules that play important roles in signalling, control of oxidative stress, and immunity. Fish allocate carotenoids to their eggs, which gives them the typical yellow to red colouration and supports their resistance against microbial infections. However, it is still unclear whether carotenoids act mainly as a shield against infection or are used up during the embryos' immune defence. We investigated this question with experimental families produced from wild-caught brown trout (Salmo trutta). Singly raised embryos were either exposed to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas fluorescens or sham-treated at one of two stages during their development. A previous study on these experimental families reported positive effects of egg carotenoids on embryo growth and resistance against the infection. Here, we quantified carotenoid consumption, i.e. the active metabolization of carotenoids into compounds that are not other carotenoid types, in these infected and sham-infected maternal sib groups. We found that carotenoid contents mostly decreased during embryogenesis. However, these decreases were neither linked to the virulence induced by the pathogen nor dependent on the time point of infection. We conclude that egg carotenoids are not significantly used up by the embryos' immune defence.

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Mutual mate choice and assortative mating in relation to a carotenoid-based color trait in blue tits

Choosing an appropriate partner is a critical decision for many animal species. However, many mechanisms involved in mate choice are still poorly understood. Do both males and females choose their sexual partners, do both sexes use the same criteria for choosing, and do their own phenotype influence the choices they make, are questions that need further investigation. Over two successive experiments conducted in captivity with hand-reared blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus), we manipulated the color of the chest plumage, a secondary sexual trait that reflects an individual's condition, to create two different color morphs (one pale and one colored). We then tested whether both sexes express a preference, whether they are attracted to the same morphs, and if the subjects' own chest color influences the preference they show. Our data reveal that both sexes are choosy, with females tending to be slightly choosier than males. We also show that both sexes preferentially select individuals with a pale chest plumage over colorful individuals, and this was again more pronounced in females. Finally, paler individuals tend to be selected by birds that are themselves pale, even if this phenotype matching was not very robust. Such a preference for paler individuals is intriguing since mates are predicted to associate with individuals displaying higher, not lower, value of quality signals. It could result from adaptive mechanisms related to avoidance of aggressiveness in confined environment, avoidance of conflicting sexual signals within individuals, or from cultural mechanisms leading to preference for individuals that match its own phenotype.

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

Fig. 6 in The effect of β-cyclocitral treatment on the carotenoid content of transgenic Marsh grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) suspension-cultured cells

Fig. 6. Changes in metabolite pools of suspension-cultured cells resulting from fourteen days β-cyclocitral (0.5 mM) treatment. Asterisk indicate significance of difference at *P value <0.05, **P <0.01 and ***P <0.001, respectively. Red coloured asterisks indicate the relative metabolite contents increased by β-cc treatment whilst green represent a decrease. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 3 in The effect of β-cyclocitral treatment on the carotenoid content of transgenic Marsh grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) suspension-cultured cells

Fig. 3. Effect of twelve days treatment with different concentrations of β-cyclocitral on growth index of citrus suspension-cultured cells. The letters represent significantly different groups following ANOVA.

Fig. 1 in The effect of β-cyclocitral treatment on the carotenoid content of transgenic Marsh grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) suspension-cultured cells

Fig. 1. Carotenoid biosynthesis pathway and the precursors for β-cyclocitral synthesis in plants. GGPP, geranylgeranyl diphosphate; PSY, phytoene synthase; PDS, phytoene desaturase; Z-ISO, ζ-carotene isomerase; ZDS, ζ-carotene desaturase; CRTISO, carotenoid isomerase; LCYe, lycopene ε-cyclase; LCYb, lycopene β-cyclase; BCH, carotene β-hydroxylase; CYP97C, cytochrome P450-type monooxygenase 97C (carotene ε-hydroxylase); ZEP, zeaxanthin epoxidase; VDE, violaxanthin de-epoxidase.

Fig. 2 in The effect of β-cyclocitral treatment on the carotenoid content of transgenic Marsh grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) suspension-cultured cells

Fig. 2. Effect of twelve days treatment with different concentrations of β-cyclocitral on the carotenoid content and composition of transgenic citrus suspensioncultured cells. (A) Carotenoids content and composition of citrus SCC. The letters represent significantly different groups following ANOVA. (B) HPLC-PDA chromatograms of carotenoids and colour change of citrus SCC following 0.5 mM β-cc treatment. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 5 in The effect of β-cyclocitral treatment on the carotenoid content of transgenic Marsh grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) suspension-cultured cells

Fig. 5. The effect of β-cyclocitral treatment on the expression of carotenoid biosynthetic and catabolic related genes in transgenic citrus suspensioncultured cells. The concentration of β-cc used in this experiment is 0.5 mM.

opennotspecifiedJun 2021View details →

Fig. 4 in Carotenoid profiles of red- and yellow-colored arils of cultivars of Taxus baccata L. and Taxus × media Rehder

Fig. 4. Light micrographs of (a) red arils of Taxus baccata L. 'Hessei' and (b) yellow arils of Taxus baccata L. 'Lutea'. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

opennotspecifiedJun 2021View details →

Fig. 2 in Carotenoid profiles of red- and yellow-colored arils of cultivars of Taxus baccata L. and Taxus × media Rehder

Fig. 2. ESI(+)-MS2 spectra of the compounds 19 and 21 from the arils of cultivars of Taxus baccata L. and Taxus × media Rehder assigned to (all-E)- rhodoxanthin (a) and (all-E)-eschscholtzxanthin (b), respectively. Proposed mass fragmentation of eschscholtzxanthin (c) and the formation of resonancestabilized in-source fragments as shown for eschscholtzxanthin and eschscholtzxanthin myristate (d) (Ziegler et al., 2015; Breithaupt et al., 2002; Enzell and Back, 1995).