Research data · Fear and avoidance
Active avoidance (shuttle box)
From 2021 to 2025, 210 animal research papers mentioned active avoidance (shuttle box) in their title or abstract, ranking it 40th of the 90 tests we track.
That is 17% fewer than the 252 papers of 2011 to 2015. Between the same two periods, all the animal research papers that mention any of the 90 tests we count rose 22%. The 2021 to 2025 count may run low because of a dip in PubMed's indexing, explained under the year chart.
Papers by year
Animal research papers that mention active avoidance (shuttle box), by year, 2001 to 2026
The 2026 bar counts papers added to PubMed by November 8, 2026.
- Papers in a full year
- 2026 so far
Show the counts for each year
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2001 | 65 |
| 2002 | 59 |
| 2003 | 58 |
| 2004 | 48 |
| 2005 | 45 |
| 2006 | 49 |
| 2007 | 44 |
| 2008 | 51 |
| 2009 | 47 |
| 2010 | 48 |
| 2011 | 44 |
| 2012 | 40 |
| 2013 | 51 |
| 2014 | 60 |
| 2015 | 57 |
| 2016 | 43 |
| 2017 | 41 |
| 2018 | 39 |
| 2019 | 48 |
| 2020 | 46 |
| 2021 | 53 |
| 2022 | 36 |
| 2023 | 37 |
| 2024 | 43 |
| 2025 | 41 |
| 2026 (part year) | 64 |
Papers that mention active avoidance (shuttle box) fell from 53 in 2021 to 36 in 2022, then rose to 41 in 2025. Part of this dip may come from PubMed's indexing rather than from fewer studies. When PubMed's indexing names a paper's species, we use it. Otherwise PubTator 3, NCBI's text-mining service, has to find a species in the title or abstract, or the paper is not counted. Papers that PubMed indexed under the subject heading Animals also fell and rose, from 200,221 in 2021 to 156,447 in 2023 and 235,479 in 2025.
Rats led mice every year from 2001 to 2025.
Papers that mention active avoidance (shuttle box), by species, 2001 to 2025
- Mouse
- Rat
Show the counts for each year and species
| Year | Mouse | Rat |
|---|---|---|
| 2001 | 9 | 51 |
| 2002 | 12 | 46 |
| 2003 | 8 | 49 |
| 2004 | 8 | 35 |
| 2005 | 8 | 36 |
| 2006 | 9 | 39 |
| 2007 | 7 | 32 |
| 2008 | 11 | 34 |
| 2009 | 6 | 34 |
| 2010 | 9 | 35 |
| 2011 | 10 | 33 |
| 2012 | 11 | 28 |
| 2013 | 10 | 37 |
| 2014 | 12 | 40 |
| 2015 | 19 | 37 |
| 2016 | 13 | 26 |
| 2017 | 14 | 22 |
| 2018 | 7 | 26 |
| 2019 | 11 | 28 |
| 2020 | 8 | 29 |
| 2021 | 16 | 28 |
| 2022 | 12 | 19 |
| 2023 | 15 | 20 |
| 2024 | 17 | 20 |
| 2025 | 10 | 25 |
Which species the papers used
Each bar is a share of the 210 papers from 2021 to 2025. A paper can use more than one species, so the shares can add to more than 100%.
Species
“Other animals” counts papers that use none of the species this chart names.
Strains and genetic lines
Strain names come from the MeSH terms PubMed adds when it indexes a paper. PubMed has indexed 167 of the 210 papers, so each bar is a share of those 167.
A paper indexed under two of these headings, such as knockout mice and a strain, counts under both.
Disease models in papers that mention active avoidance (shuttle box)
Each bar is one disease model, with how many of the 210 papers from 2021 to 2025 that mention active avoidance (shuttle box) use it, and what share that is. The model comes from the paper's MeSH terms, the subject headings the National Library of Medicine adds when it indexes a paper. A paper without MeSH terms gets its model from PubTator 3, NCBI's text-mining service, if PubTator 3 finds the disease in the title or abstract. A paper can count under more than one model.
Papers from 2021 to 2025 by disease model
Tests mentioned alongside active avoidance (shuttle box)
Each bar is one test, with how many of the 210 papers from 2021 to 2025 that mention active avoidance (shuttle box) also mention it, and what share that is.
Papers from 2021 to 2025 that mention both tests
To count the papers that mention three or more tests together, start from active avoidance (shuttle box) in the test battery tool.
The most cited papers from 2021 to 2025
These papers from 2021 to 2025 mention active avoidance (shuttle box) and have the most citations, as counted by NIH's iCite on November 5, 2026.
Physiol Behav, 2022. 110 citations.
Vision rescue via unconstrained in vivo prime editing in degenerating neural retinas.
J Exp Med, 2023. 81 citations.
Mol Med, 2023. 67 citations.
Nat Neurosci, 2021. 63 citations.
Nat Commun, 2021. 44 citations.
How we counted
A count is the number of animal research papers whose title or abstract mentions one of the test's search terms. It is not a count of experiments, labs or animals.
A paper that mentions active avoidance (shuttle box) only in its methods is missed, so the count runs low. The count includes 12 reviews. For 43 of the 210 papers, PubMed's indexing gave no species, so the species came from PubTator 3 finding one in the title or abstract.
The test's search terms are in the test list download. The full method, with each source and its terms of use, is on our main page, Behavioral tests in published research.
More fear and avoidance tests
These fear and avoidance tests also have a page, with their papers from 2021 to 2025. Each test with 30 or more papers gets one.
How to cite
APA
ConductScience. (2026, November 10). Active avoidance (shuttle box) in published research [Data set]. https://conductscience.com/resources/data/behavioral-tests/active-avoidance
BibTeX
@misc{conductscience_active_avoidance_2026,
author = {{ConductScience}},
title = {Active avoidance (shuttle box) in published research},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
url = {https://conductscience.com/resources/data/behavioral-tests/active-avoidance},
note = {Data set, released November 10, 2026},
}Apparatus for active avoidance (shuttle box)
Our store sells one product for active avoidance (shuttle box).
Shop the apparatusPapers that name our apparatus
We keep our own list of published papers whose text names our equipment. Those that mention active avoidance (shuttle box) in the title or abstract are already in the counts above.
- 11 papers from 2021 to 2025 name our Active/Passive Avoidance Shuttle Box. See the papers
