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opennotspecifiedJan 2023View details →

Fig. 7. Compound 14 in Diterpenoids with anti-inflammatory activity from Euphorbia wallichii

Fig. 7. Compound 14 reduced LPS-induced inflammatory factors production and inhibited NF-κB nuclear translocation. (A–C) The expressions of iNOS and COX-2 were determined by Western blot analysis. (D–F) The expressions of NF-κB, p-IκBα, and IκBα were determined by Western blot analysis. The quantification of protein expression was performed by Image J. (G) The inhibitory effect of compound 14 (16 μM) on the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 induced by LPS via confocal laser scanning microscopy. RAW264.7 cells stained for NF-κB (green) and nuclei (DAPI, blue) (scale bar: 10 μm). The values were presented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments, n 3. ###p <0.001, vs. the control group; **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, vs. LPS-treated group. (For interpretation of the references to color in = this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

opennotspecifiedJan 2023View details →

Fig. 6. Compound 14 in Diterpenoids with anti-inflammatory activity from Euphorbia wallichii

Fig. 6. Compound 14 reduced LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines release. (A) The NO inhibition curve of compound 14, with an IC50 of 3.84 ± 0.25 μM. (B) Cell viability rate of RAW264.7 cells treated with compound 14 (0, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 μM) for 24 h. (C–D) Effects of compound 14 on production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. ###, p <0.001 vs. control group. *, p <0.1, **, p <0.01 and ***, p <0.001 vs. LPStreated group.

opennotspecifiedApr 2023View details →

Fig. 9. Compounds 4 and 5 in Eremophilane-type and xanthanolide-type sesquiterpenes from the aerial parts of Xanthium sibiricum and their anti-inflammatory activities

Fig. 9. Compounds 4 and 5 inhibited the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in LPS induced RAW264.7 cells. Compound 4 (A) influenced the expression of relative proteins related to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and the relative levels of P-mTOR/mTOR (B) and P-AKT/AKT (C) were quantified. Compound 5 (D) influenced the expression of relative proteins related to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and the relative levels of P-mTOR/mTOR (E) and PAKT/AKT (F) were quantified. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3). ##p <0.01 and ###p <0.001, compared with the group untreated with LPS; *p <0.05, **p <0.01, and ***p <0.001 compared with the group treated with LPS.

Fig. 6 in Diverse undescribed compounds from the rhizome of Zingiber officinale Rosc. And their anti-inflammatory activity

Fig. 6. Effects of compounds 1–7 on cell viability. The concentrations of these compounds ranged from 10 to 100 μM. Experiments were performed in triplicate, and the data are presented as the mean ± SD. Statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA and Dunnett's test. #p <0.001 vs. the control group; *p <0.05, **p <0.01, ***p <0.001 vs. the LPS-stimulated group.

Fig. 7 in Hyperforin: A natural lead compound with multiple pharmacological activities

Fig. 7. The mechanisms of anti-ischemic stroke activity, anti-diabetes activity, effect on cutaneous wound healing and treating hypertrophic scars and anti-obesity activity of hyperforin.

Fig. 2. a in Hyperforin: A natural lead compound with multiple pharmacological activities

Fig. 2. a: Cross-section of leaf with translucent gland; b: Paradermal section of leaf with translucent gland; c: The translucent and dark glands on leaf under dissecting microscope. Scale bars = 1 cm.

opennotspecifiedJan 2023View details →

Fig. 1. Main hop prenylated phenolic compounds A in Multivariate analysis of chemical and genetic diversity of wild Humulus lupulus L. (hop) collected in situ in northern France

Fig. 1. Main hop prenylated phenolic compounds A. Chemical structure of major chalcones and acylphloroglucinols produced by hops and their molecular weight. B. Chromatogram of a crude hydro-ethanolic extract of hops (cultivar Nugget) at 330 nm. XN: xanthohumol, α1: co-humulone; α2: humulone; α3: ad-humulone; β1: colupulone; β2: lupulone; β3: ad-lupulone.

Fig. 7. Hypothetical biosynthetic pathway for undescribed compounds 1–3 in Phlegcarines A-C, three Lycopodium alkaloids from Phlegmariurus carinatus (Desv. ex Poir.) Ching

Fig. 7. Hypothetical biosynthetic pathway for undescribed compounds 1–3 and some isolated Lycopodium alkaloids.

Fig. 2. 1H–1H in Antitumoral activity of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles compounds isolated from the Neowerdermannia vorwerkii in liver and colon human cancer cells

Fig. 2. 1H–1H COSY and HMBC key correlations of 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-5-(tiophen-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (1), 5-(3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (2) and 5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (3).

Fig. 1. 3 in Antitumoral activity of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles compounds isolated from the Neowerdermannia vorwerkii in liver and colon human cancer cells

Fig. 1. 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-5-(tiophen-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (1), 5-(3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (2) and 5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)- 1,2,4-oxadiazole (3).

opennotspecifiedOct 2022View details →

Fig. 10. Compound 4 induced HepG2 cells apoptosis. HepG2 in Artemidubolides A T, cytotoxic unreported guaiane-type sesquiterpenoid dimers against three hepatoma cell lines from Artemisia dubia

Fig. 10. Compound 4 induced HepG2 cells apoptosis. HepG2 cells were treated with different concentrations (0.0, 3.5, 7.0, and 10.5 μM) of 4 for 48 h. (A) and (B) Flow cytometric analysis and cell apoptosis quantification of HepG2 cells. (C) and (D) The apoptosis-related protein levels in hepatoma cells treated with compound 4 for 48 h. Western blot and statistical results of Bax, BCL-2, PARP-1, and cleaved-PARP-1. The results were normalized to the β-actin loading control. *P <0.05, **P <0.01, and ***P <0.001, n = 3.

opennotspecifiedOct 2022View details →

Fig. 8. Compound 4 in Artemidubolides A T, cytotoxic unreported guaiane-type sesquiterpenoid dimers against three hepatoma cell lines from Artemisia dubia

Fig. 8. Compound 4 inhibited migration and invasion of HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were treated with different concentrations (0.0, 3.5, 7.0 and 10.5 μM) of 4 for 48 h. (A) Representative photographs of the Transwell assay showed migrated and invaded cells after incubation. (B) Histogram of migrated and invaded cells after incubation. *P <0.05, **P <0.01, and ***P <0.001, n = 3.

Fig. 4 in Bioactive prenylated phenolic compounds from the aerial parts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis

Fig. 4. The docking model and IC50 values of (1''R, 2''S)-1 and (1''S, 2''R)-1 against 3CLpro and PLpro. Each data point is displayed as the mean SD of three ± independent tests.

Fig. 3 in Bioactive prenylated phenolic compounds from the aerial parts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis

Fig. 3. The comparison of experimental and calculated ECD spectra of (1′′R, 2′′S)-1, (1′′S, 2′′R)-1, and 6.

Fig. 5 in Bioactive prenylated phenolic compounds from the aerial parts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis

Fig. 5. Bioactivity screening of compounds 1-26 [1a, (1''R, 2''S)-1; 1b, (1''S, 2''R)-1]. Each data point is displayed as the mean ± SD of three independent tests. ×: not tested.

Fig. 10. Compounds 1–8 in Bisabolane-type sesquiterpenes from Vernonia amygdalina: Absolute configuration and anti-inflammatory activity

Fig. 10. Compounds 1–8 inhibited the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. A: The expression of relative proteins related to the PI3K/AKT signaling pathways involved inflammation, including PI3K, NF-κB (p65), and AKT RAW 264.7 cells. B–D: The relative levels of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/ AKT, and p-p65/p65 were quantified (mean ± SD. ###p <0.001, compared with the group untreated with LPS; *p <0.05, **p <0.01 and ***p <0.001 compared with the group treated with LPS.).

opennotspecifiedOct 2022View details →

Fig. 3 in Chemical constituents of Antidesma bunius aerial parts and the anti-AGEs activity of selected compounds

Fig. 3. Experimental CD spectra of 1 and 2; (B–F) Calculated and experimental ECD spectra of 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8.

Fig. 9. Compound 4 in Four undescribed ergostane-type steroids from Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae and their neuroprotective activity

Fig. 9. Compound 4 preserves mitochondrial function in glutamate-treated SH-SY5Y cell lines. Cell lines were measured using JC-1 staining by flow cytometry. Cell lines were assessed using H2DCF-DA staining and flow cytometry. Data are presented as the means ± S.D. (n = 3). ###p <0.001 vs. the control group (the no glutamate or compound 4-treated group); *p <0.05 and **p <0.001 vs. the glutamate-treated group.

Fig. 8. Compound 4 in Four undescribed ergostane-type steroids from Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae and their neuroprotective activity

Fig. 8. Compound 4 decreased glutamate-induced cellular apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cell lines. (A) Cellular morphological changes were observed by phase contrast microscopy. (B) Flow cytometry was applied to determine the apoptotic ratio after Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. The percentage of apoptotic cells was calculated in the bar chart. Data are presented as the means S.D. (n 3). ###p <0.001 vs. the control group (the no glutamate or compound 4-treated group); *p <0.05 and ± = ***p <0.001 vs. the glutamate-treated group.